Summary of dataset

Non-essential gene deletion mutants

The data sheets here are the results created by reanalyzing the images published in Ohya et al. (2005, PNAS) after a quality control. Cell images of the mutants are available in SCMD.

Cell images of the mutants are available from links at SCMD entry.

List of ORF

All of 4718 results found in this database are listed.
SCMD EntrySGD LinkGeneSGD Description
ymr056c YMR056C AAC1 Mitochondrial inner membrane ADP/ATP translocator; exchanges cytosolic ADP for mitochondrially synthesized ATP; phosphorylated; Aac1p is a minor isoform while Pet9p is the major ADP/ATP translocator; relocalizes from mitochondrion to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ybr085w YBR085W AAC3 Mitochondrial inner membrane ADP/ATP translocator; exchanges cytosolic ADP for mitochondrially synthesized ATP; expressed under anaerobic conditions; similar to Aac1p; has roles in maintenance of viability and in respiration; AAC3 has a paralog, PET9, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr107w YCR107W AAD3 Putative aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase; similar to P. chrysosporium aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase; mutational analysis has not yet revealed a physiological role; AAD3 has a paralog, AAD15, that arose from a segmental duplication
ydl243c YDL243C AAD4 Putative aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase; involved in oxidative stress response; similar to P. chrysosporium aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase; expression induced in cells treated with the mycotoxin patulin
yfl056c YFL056C AAD6 Putative aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase; involved in oxidative stress response; similar to P. chrysosporium aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase; expression induced in cells treated with the mycotoxin patulin
ynl141w YNL141W AAH1 Adenine deaminase (adenine aminohydrolase); converts adenine to hypoxanthine; involved in purine salvage; transcriptionally regulated by nutrient levels and growth phase; Aah1p degraded upon entry into quiescence via SCF and the proteasome
yhr047c YHR047C AAP1 Arginine/alanine amino peptidase; overproduction stimulates glycogen accumulation; AAP1 has a paralog, APE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl106w YKL106W AAT1 Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase; catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to aspartate in aspartate and asparagine biosynthesis
ylr027c YLR027C AAT2 Cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase involved in nitrogen metabolism; localizes to peroxisomes in oleate-grown cells
ymr072w YMR072W ABF2 Mitochondrial DNA-binding protein; involved in mitochondrial DNA replication and recombination, member of HMG1 DNA-binding protein family; activity may be regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation; ABF2 has a paralog, IXR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr108w YJR108W ABM1 Protein of unknown function; required for normal microtubule organization
ycr088w YCR088W ABP1 Actin-binding protein of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; important for activation of the Arp2/3 complex that plays a key role actin in cytoskeleton organization; inhibits barbed-end actin filament elongation; phosphorylation within its PRR (Proline-Rich Region), mediated by Cdc28p and Pho85p, protects Abp1p from proteolysis mediated by its own PEST sequences
ynr033w YNR033W ABZ1 Para-aminobenzoate (PABA) synthase; has similarity to Escherichia coli PABA synthase components PabA and PabB; required for the synthesis of para-aminobenzoic acid, an important intermediate for folate and ubiquinone Q biosynthesis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr289w YMR289W ABZ2 Aminodeoxychorismate lyase (4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase); catalyzes the third step in para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthesis; involved in folic acid biosynthesis
yer045c YER045C ACA1 ATF/CREB family basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor; binds as a homodimer to the ATF/CREB consensus sequence TGACGTCA; important for carbon source utilization; target genes include GRE2 and COS8; ACA1 has a paralog, CST6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr037c YGR037C ACB1 Acyl-CoA-binding protein; transports newly synthesized acyl-CoA esters from fatty acid synthetase (Fas1p-Fas2p) to acyl-CoA-consuming processes; subject to starvation-induced, Grh1p-mediated unconventional secretion; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr144c YLR144C ACF2 Intracellular beta-1,3-endoglucanase; expression is induced during sporulation; may have a role in cortical actin cytoskeleton assembly; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yjr083c YJR083C ACF4 Protein of unknown function; computational analysis of large-scale protein-protein interaction data suggests a possible role in actin cytoskeleton organization; potential Cdc28p substrate
ybl015w YBL015W ACH1 Protein with CoA transferase activity; particularly for CoASH transfer from succinyl-CoA to acetate; has minor acetyl-CoA-hydrolase activity; phosphorylated; required for acetate utilization and for diploid pseudohyphal growth
ydl203c YDL203C ACK1 Protein that functions in the cell wall integrity pathway; functions upstream of Pkc1p; GFP-fusion protein expression is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; non-tagged Ack1p is detected in purified mitochondria
ypl267w YPL267W ACM1 Pseudosubstrate inhibitor of the APC/C; suppresses APC/C [Cdh1]-mediated proteolysis of mitotic cyclins; associates with Cdh1p, Bmh1p and Bmh2p; cell cycle regulated protein; the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome is also known as APC/C
ydr511w YDR511W ACN9 Protein of the mitochondrial intermembrane space; required for acetate utilization and gluconeogenesis; has orthologs in higher eukaryotes
ylr304c YLR304C ACO1 Aconitase; required for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and also independently required for mitochondrial genome maintenance; phosphorylated; component of the mitochondrial nucleoid; mutation leads to glutamate auxotrophy
yjl200c YJL200C ACO2 Putative mitochondrial aconitase isozyme; similarity to Aco1p, an aconitase required for the TCA cycle; expression induced during growth on glucose, by amino acid starvation via Gcn4p, and repressed on ethanol
yal054c YAL054C ACS1 Acetyl-coA synthetase isoform; along with Acs2p, acetyl-coA synthetase isoform is the nuclear source of acetyl-coA for histone acetylation; expressed during growth on nonfermentable carbon sources and under aerobic conditions
ydr448w YDR448W ADA2 Transcription coactivator; component of the ADA and SAGA transcriptional adaptor/HAT (histone acetyltransferase) complexes
ymr184w YMR184W ADD37 Protein of unknown function; involved in ER-associated protein degradation; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; YMR184W is not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykl206c YKL206C ADD66 Protein involved in 20S proteasome assembly; forms a heterodimer with Pba1p that binds to proteasome precursors; interaction with Pba1p-Add66p may affect function of the mature proteasome and its role in maintaining respiratory metabolism; similar to human PAC2 constituent of the PAC1-PAC2 complex involved in proteasome assembly
yar015w YAR015W ADE1 N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide synthetase; required for 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthesis; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ynl220w YNL220W ADE12 Adenylosuccinate synthase; catalyzes the first step in synthesis of adenosine monophosphate from inosine 5'monophosphate during purine nucleotide biosynthesis; exhibits binding to single-stranded autonomously replicating (ARS) core sequence
ylr028c YLR028C ADE16 Enzyme of 'de novo' purine biosynthesis; contains both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase and inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase activities; ADE16 has a paralog, ADE17, that arose from the whole genome duplication; ade16 ade17 mutants require adenine and histidine
ymr120c YMR120C ADE17 Enzyme of 'de novo' purine biosynthesis; contains both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase and inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase activities; ADE17 has a paralog, ADE16, that arose from the whole genome duplication; ade16 ade17 mutants require adenine and histidine
yor128c YOR128C ADE2 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase; catalyzes a step in the 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway; red pigment accumulates in mutant cells deprived of adenine
ygr204w YGR204W ADE3 Cytoplasmic trifunctional enzyme C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase; involved in single carbon metabolism and required for biosynthesis of purines, thymidylate, methionine, and histidine; null mutation causes auxotrophy for adenine and histidine
ymr300c YMR300C ADE4 Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (PRPPAT); catalyzes first step of the 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway; also known as amidophosphoribosyltransferase
ygl234w YGL234W ADE5,7 Enzyme of the 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway; contains aminoimidazole ribotide synthetase and glycinamide ribotide synthetase activities
ygr061c YGR061C ADE6 Formylglycinamidine-ribonucleotide (FGAM)-synthetase; catalyzes a step in the 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway
ydr408c YDR408C ADE8 Phosphoribosyl-glycinamide transformylase; catalyzes a step in the 'de novo' purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway
yol086c YOL086C ADH1 Alcohol dehydrogenase; fermentative isozyme active as homo- or heterotetramers; required for the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol, the last step in the glycolytic pathway; ADH1 has a paralog, ADH5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr303c YMR303C ADH2 Glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase II; catalyzes the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde; involved in the production of certain carboxylate esters; regulated by ADR1
ymr083w YMR083W ADH3 Mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme III; involved in the shuttling of mitochondrial NADH to the cytosol under anaerobic conditions and ethanol production
ygl256w YGL256W ADH4 Alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme type IV; dimeric enzyme demonstrated to be zinc-dependent despite sequence similarity to iron-activated alcohol dehydrogenases; transcription is induced in response to zinc deficiency
ybr145w YBR145W ADH5 Alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme V; involved in ethanol production; ADH5 has a paralog, ADH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr318c YMR318C ADH6 NADPH-dependent medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase; has broad substrate specificity; member of the cinnamyl family of alcohol dehydrogenases; may be involved in fusel alcohol synthesis or in aldehyde tolerance; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ycr105w YCR105W ADH7 NADPH-dependent medium chain alcohol dehydrogenase; has broad substrate specificity; member of the cinnamyl family of alcohol dehydrogenases; may be involved in fusel alcohol synthesis or in aldehyde tolerance
ymr009w YMR009W ADI1 Acireductone dioxygenease involved in the methionine salvage pathway; ortholog of human MTCBP-1; transcribed as polycistronic mRNA with YMR010W and regulated post-transcriptionally by RNase III (Rnt1p) cleavage; ADI1 mRNA is induced in heat shock conditions
ydr226w YDR226W ADK1 Adenylate kinase, required for purine metabolism; localized to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria; lacks cleavable signal sequence; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yer170w YER170W ADK2 Mitochondrial adenylate kinase; catalyzes the reversible synthesis of GTP and AMP from GDP and ADP; may serve as a back-up for synthesizing GTP or ADP depending on metabolic conditions; 3' sequence of ADK2 varies with strain background
yjr105w YJR105W ADO1 Adenosine kinase; required for the utilization of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet); may be involved in recycling adenosine produced through the methyl cycle
ycr011c YCR011C ADP1 Putative ATP-dependent permease of the ABC transporter family
ydr216w YDR216W ADR1 Carbon source-responsive zinc-finger transcription factor; required for transcription of the glucose-repressed gene ADH2, of peroxisomal protein genes, and of genes required for ethanol, glycerol, and fatty acid utilization
ycr010c YCR010C ADY2 Acetate transporter required for normal sporulation; phosphorylated in mitochondria; ADY2 has a paralog, ATO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl239c YDL239C ADY3 Protein required for spore wall formation; thought to mediate assembly of a Don1p-containing structure at the leading edge of the prospore membrane via interaction with spindle pole body components; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; ADY3 has a paralog, CNM67, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr227c YLR227C ADY4 Structural component of the meiotic outer plaque; outer plaque is a membrane-organizing center that assembles on the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole body during meiosis II and triggers the formation of the prospore membrane
ymr064w YMR064W AEP1 Protein required for expression of the mitochondrial OLI1 gene; mitochondrial OLI1 gene encodes subunit 9 of F1-F0 ATP synthase
ymr282c YMR282C AEP2 Mitochondrial protein; likely involved in translation of the mitochondrial OLI1 mRNA; exhibits genetic interaction with the OLI1 mRNA 5'-untranslated leader
ypl005w YPL005W AEP3 Peripheral mitochondrial inner membrane protein; may facilitate use of unformylated tRNA-Met in mitochondrial translation initiation; stabilizes the bicistronic AAP1-ATP6 mRNA
ylr040c YLR040C AFB1 MATalpha-specific a-factor blocker; contributes to mating efficiency under certain conditions; localizes to the cell wall; predicted to be a GPI-attached protein; upregulated by Mcm1p-Alpha1p transcription factor; partially overlaps the dubious ORF YLR041W
yel052w YEL052W AFG1 Protein that may act as a chaperone for cytochrome c oxidase subunits; conserved protein; may act as a chaperone in the degradation of misfolded or unassembled cytochrome c oxidase subunits; localized to matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane; member of the AAA family but lacks a protease domain
yer017c YER017C AFG3 Component, with Yta12p, of mitochondrial inner membrane m-AAA protease; mediates degradation of misfolded or unassembled proteins and is also required for correct assembly of mitochondrial enzyme complexes; involved in cytoplasmic mRNA translation and aging
yor129c YOR129C AFI1 Arf3p polarization-specific docking factor; required for the polarized distribution of the ADP-ribosylation factor, Arf3p; participates in polarity development and maintenance of a normal haploid budding pattern; interacts with Cnm7p
ydr085c YDR085C AFR1 Protein required for pheromone-induced projection (shmoo) formation; regulates septin architecture during mating; has an RVXF motif that mediates targeting of Glc7p to mating projections; interacts with Cdc12p; AFR1 has a paralog, YER158C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl071w YGL071W AFT1 Transcription factor involved in iron utilization and homeostasis; binds consensus site PyPuCACCCPu and activates transcription in response to changes in iron availability; in iron-replete conditions localization is regulated by Grx3p, Grx4p, and Fra2p, and promoter binding is negatively regulated via Grx3p-Grx4p binding; AFT1 has a paralog, AFT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ypl202c YPL202C AFT2 Iron-regulated transcriptional activator; activates genes involved in intracellular iron use and required for iron homeostasis and resistance to oxidative stress; AFT2 has a paralog, AFT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl032c YGL032C AGA2 Adhesion subunit of a-agglutinin of a-cells; C-terminal sequence acts as a ligand for alpha-agglutinin (Sag1p) during agglutination, modified with O-linked oligomannosyl chains, linked to anchorage subunit Aga1p via two disulfide bonds
ypr021c YPR021C AGC1 Mitochondrial amino acid transporter; acts both as a glutamate uniporter and as an aspartate-glutamate exchanger; involved in nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen compound biosynthesis
ydr524c YDR524C AGE1 ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase activating protein (GAP) effector; involved in the secretory and endocytic pathways; contains C2C2H2 cysteine/histidine motif
yil044c YIL044C AGE2 ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase activating protein (GAP) effector; involved in Trans-Golgi-Network (TGN) transport; contains C2C2H2 cysteine/histidine motif
ycl025c YCL025C AGP1 Low-affinity amino acid permease with broad substrate range; involved in uptake of asparagine, glutamine, and other amino acids; expression regulated by SPS plasma membrane amino acid sensor system (Ssy1p-Ptr3p-Ssy5p); AGP1 has a paralog, GNP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr132c YBR132C AGP2 Plasma membrane regulator of polyamine and carnitine transport; has similarity to transporters but lacks transport activity; may act as a sensor that transduces environmental signals; has a positive or negative regulatory effect on transcription of many transporter genes
yfl055w YFL055W AGP3 Low-affinity amino acid permease; may act to supply the cell with amino acids as nitrogen source in nitrogen-poor conditions; transcription is induced under conditions of sulfur limitation; plays a role in regulating Ty1 transposition
yfl030w YFL030W AGX1 Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT); catalyzes the synthesis of glycine from glyoxylate, which is one of three pathways for glycine biosynthesis in yeast; has similarity to mammalian and plant alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferases
ydr214w YDR214W AHA1 Co-chaperone that binds Hsp82p and activates its ATPase activity; plays a role in determining prion variants; similar to Hch1p; expression is regulated by stresses such as heat shock; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor023c YOR023C AHC1 Subunit of the Ada histone acetyltransferase complex; required for structural integrity of the complex
ycr082w YCR082W AHC2 Component of the ADA histone acetyltransferase complex; Ach2p and Ach1p are unique to the ADA complex and not shared with the related SAGA and SLIK complexes; may tether Ach1p to the complex
ylr109w YLR109W AHP1 Thiol-specific peroxiredoxin; reduces hydroperoxides to protect against oxidative damage; function in vivo requires covalent conjugation to Urm1p
yhr093w YHR093W AHT1 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; multicopy suppressor of glucose transport defects, likely due to the presence of an HXT4 regulatory element in the region
ynr074c YNR074C AIF1 Mitochondrial cell death effector; translocates to the nucleus in response to apoptotic stimuli, homolog of mammalian Apoptosis-Inducing Factor, putative reductase
yal046c YAL046C AIM1 Protein involved in mitochondrial function or organization; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yer087w YER087W AIM10 Protein with similarity to tRNA synthetases; non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria; null mutant is viable and displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yer093c-a YER093C-A AIM11 Protein of unknown function; null mutant is viable but shows increased loss of mitochondrial genome and synthetic interaction with prohibitin (phb1); contains an intron; YER093C-A has a paralog, YBL059W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr011c YFR011C AIM13 Mitochondrial protein peripheral to the inner membrane; component of the mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system (MINOS, MitOS, or MICOS), a scaffold-like structure on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane which has a role in the maintenance of crista junctions and inner membrane architecture
ygl160w YGL160W AIM14 NADPH oxidase localized to the perinuclear ER; produces superoxide from NADPH; overexpression causes MCA1 dependent apoptosis; likely involved in superoxide-mediated regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; member of a conserved superfamily of NADPH oxidases (NOX enzymes); has similarity to iron/copper reductases (FRE1-8), particularly Fre8p
yhl021c YHL021C AIM17 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; null mutant displays reduced frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yhr198c YHR198C AIM18 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yil087c YIL087C AIM19 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; null mutant displays reduced respiratory growth
yal049c YAL049C AIM2 Cytoplasmic protein involved in mitochondrial function or organization; null mutant displays reduced frequency of mitochondrial genome loss; potential Hsp82p interactor
yil158w YIL158W AIM20 Putative protein of unknown function; overexpression causes cell cycle delay or arrest; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to vacuole; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; AIM20 has a paralog, SKG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yir003w YIR003W AIM21 Protein of unknown function; involved in mitochondrial migration along actin filament; may interact with ribosomes; GFP-fusion protein colocalizes with Sac1p to the actin cytoskeleton
yjl046w YJL046W AIM22 Putative lipoate-protein ligase; required along with Lip2 and Lip5 for lipoylation of Lat1p and Kgd2p; similar to E. coli LplA; null mutant displays reduced frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yjl131c YJL131C AIM23 Mitochondrial translation initiation factor 3 (IF3, mIF3); evolutionarily conserved; binds to E. coli ribosomes in vitro; null mutant displays severe respiratory growth defect and elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yjr080c YJR080C AIM24 Protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; null mutant displays reduced respiratory growth and elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yjr100c YJR100C AIM25 Putative protein of unknown function; non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; similar to murine NOR1; null mutant is viable and displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
ykl037w YKL037W AIM26 Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant is viable and displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss; null mutation confers sensitivity to tunicamycin and DTT
ykr074w YKR074W AIM29 Putative protein of unknown function; epitope-tagged protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YKR074W is not an essential gene; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
ybr108w YBR108W AIM3 Protein that inhibits barbed-end actin filament elongation; interacts with Rvs167p; null mutant is viable and displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yml050w YML050W AIM32 Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant is viable and displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yml087c YML087C AIM33 Putative protein of unknown function, highly conserved across species; homolog of human CYB5R4; null mutant displays reduced frequency of mitochondrial genome loss; AIM33 has a paralog, PGA3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr003w YMR003W AIM34 Protein of unknown function; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the mitochondria; null mutant is viable and displays reduced frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
ymr157c YMR157C AIM36 Protein of unknown function; null mutant displays reduced respiratory growth and elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ynl100w YNL100W AIM37 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; component of the mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system (MitOS, MICOS, or MINOS), a scaffold-like structure on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane which has a role in the maintenance of crista junctions and inner membrane architecture
yol053w YOL053W AIM39 Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
ybr194w YBR194W AIM4 Protein proposed to be associated with the nuclear pore complex; null mutant is viable, displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss and is sensitive to freeze-thaw stress
yor215c YOR215C AIM41 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; null mutant displays reduced frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
ypl099c YPL099C AIM43 Protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
ypl158c YPL158C AIM44 Protein that regulates Cdc42p and Rho1p; functions in the late steps of cytokinesis and cell separation; sustains Rho1p at the cell division site after actomyosin ring contraction; inhibits the activation of Cdc42-Cla4 at the cell division site to prevent budding inside the old bud neck; transcription is regulated by Swi5p; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ypr004c YPR004C AIM45 Putative ortholog of mammalian ETF-alpha; interacts with frataxin, Yfh1p; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss; may have a role in oxidative stress response; ETF-alpha is an electron transfer flavoprotein complex subunit
yhr199c YHR199C AIM46 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
ybr262c YBR262C AIM5 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; subunit of the mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system (MitOS, MICOS, or MINOS), a scaffold-like structure on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane which has a role in the maintenance of crista junctions and inner membrane architecture
ydl237w YDL237W AIM6 Putative protein of unknown function; required for respiratory growth; YDL237W is not an essential gene
ydr063w YDR063W AIM7 Protein that interacts with Arp2/3 complex; interacts with Arp2/3 complex to stimulate actin filament debranching and inhibit actin nucleation; has similarity to Cof1p and also to human glia maturation factor (GMF); null mutant displays elevated mitochondrial genome loss
yer080w YER080W AIM9 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
ymr092c YMR092C AIP1 Actin cortical patch component; interacts with the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin; inhibits elongation of aged ADP-actin filaments decorated with cofilin to maintain a high level of assembly-competent actin species; required to restrict cofilin localization to cortical patches; contains WD repeats; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from cytoplasm to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress
yil079c YIL079C AIR1 Zinc knuckle protein; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; AIR1 has a paralog, AIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; although Air1p and Air2p are homologous TRAMP subunits, they have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome
ydl175c YDL175C AIR2 RNA-binding subunit of the TRAMP nuclear RNA surveillance complex; involved in nuclear RNA processing and degradation; involved in TRAMP complex assembly as a bridge between Mtr4p and Trf4p; stimulates the poly(A) polymerase activity of Pap2p in vitro; has 5 zinc knuckle motifs; AIR2 has a paralog, AIR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Air2p and Air1p have nonredundant roles in regulation of substrate specificity of the exosome
ybr059c YBR059C AKL1 Ser-Thr protein kinase; member (with Ark1p and Prk1p) of the Ark kinase family; involved in endocytosis and actin cytoskeleton organization
ydr264c YDR264C AKR1 Palmitoyl transferase involved in protein palmitoylation; acts as a negative regulator of pheromone response pathway; required for endocytosis of pheromone receptors; involved in cell shape control; contains ankyrin repeats; AKR1 has a paralog, AKR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor034c YOR034C AKR2 Ankyrin repeat-containing protein; member of a family of putative palmitoyltransferases containing an Asp-His-His-Cys-cysteine rich (DHHC-CRD) domain; possibly involved in constitutive endocytosis of Ste3p; AKR2 has a paralog, AKR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl122w YJL122W ALB1 Shuttling pre-60S factor; involved in the biogenesis of ribosomal large subunit; interacts directly with Arx1p; responsible for Tif6p recycling defects in absence of Rei1p
ymr170c YMR170C ALD2 Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase; involved in ethanol oxidation and beta-alanine biosynthesis; uses NAD+ as the preferred coenzyme; expression is stress induced and glucose repressed; very similar to Ald3p
ymr169c YMR169C ALD3 Cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase; involved in beta-alanine synthesis; uses NAD+ as the preferred coenzyme; very similar to Ald2p; expression is induced by stress and repressed by glucose
yor374w YOR374W ALD4 Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase; required for growth on ethanol and conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate; phosphorylated; activity is K+ dependent; utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ equally as coenzymes; expression is glucose repressed; can substitute for cytosolic NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase when directed to the cytosol
yer073w YER073W ALD5 Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase; involved in regulation or biosynthesis of electron transport chain components and acetate formation; activated by K+; utilizes NADP+ as the preferred coenzyme; constitutively expressed
ypl061w YPL061W ALD6 Cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase; activated by Mg2+ and utilizes NADP+ as the preferred coenzyme; required for conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate; constitutively expressed; locates to the mitochondrial outer surface upon oxidative stress
yor175c YOR175C ALE1 Broad-specificity lysophospholipid acyltransferase; part of MBOAT family of membrane-bound O-acyltransferases; key component of Lands cycle; may have role in fatty acid exchange at sn-2 position of mature glycerophospholipids
ynl148c YNL148C ALF1 Alpha-tubulin folding protein; similar to mammalian cofactor B; Alf1p-GFP localizes to cytoplasmic microtubules; required for the folding of alpha-tubulin and may play an additional role in microtubule maintenance
ynr030w YNR030W ALG12 Alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase localized to the ER; responsible for the addition of the alpha-1,6 mannose to dolichol-linked Man7GlcNAc2, acts in the dolichol pathway for N-glycosylation
ybl082c YBL082C ALG3 Dolichol-P-Man dependent alpha(1-3) mannosyltransferase; involved in the synthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide donor for N-linked glycosylation of proteins
ypl227c YPL227C ALG5 UDP-glucose:dolichyl-phosphate glucosyltransferase; involved in asparagine-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum
yor002w YOR002W ALG6 Alpha 1,3 glucosyltransferase; involved in transfer of oligosaccharides from dolichyl pyrophosphate to asparagine residues of proteins during N-linked protein glycosylation; mutations in human ortholog are associated with disease
yor067c YOR067C ALG8 Glucosyl transferase; involved in N-linked glycosylation; adds glucose to the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide precursor prior to transfer to protein during lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis; similar to Alg6p
ynl219c YNL219C ALG9 Mannosyltransferase, involved in N-linked glycosylation; catalyzes both the transfer of seventh mannose residue on B-arm and ninth mannose residue on the C-arm from Dol-P-Man to lipid-linked oligosaccharides; mutation of the human ortholog causes type 1 congenital disorders of glycosylation
ygl021w YGL021W ALK1 Protein kinase; along with its paralog, ALK2, required for proper spindle positioning and nuclear segregation following mitotic arrest, proper organization of cell polarity factors in mitosis, proper localization of formins and polarity factors, and survival in cells that activate spindle assembly checkpoint; phosphorylated in response to DNA damage; ALK1 has a paralog, ALK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; similar to mammalian haspins
ybl009w YBL009W ALK2 Protein kinase; along with its paralog, ALK1, required for proper spindle positioning and nuclear segregation following mitotic arrest, proper organization of cell polarity factors in mitosis, proper localization of formins and polarity factors, and survival in cells that activate spindle assembly checkpoint; phosphorylated in response to DNA damage; ALK2 has a paralog, ALK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; similar to mammalian haspins
yml086c YML086C ALO1 D-Arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase; catalyzes the final step in biosynthesis of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, which is protective against oxidative stress
ynl270c YNL270C ALP1 Arginine transporter; expression is normally very low and it is unclear what conditions would induce significant expression; ALP1 has a paralog, CAN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfl050c YFL050C ALR2 Probable Mg(2+) transporter; overexpression confers increased tolerance to Al(3+) and Ga(3+) ions; plays a role in regulating Ty1 transposition
ylr089c YLR089C ALT1 Alanine transaminase (glutamic pyruvic transaminase); involved in alanine biosynthesis and catabolism; TOR1-independent role in determining chronological lifespan; expression is induced in the presence of alanine; repression is mediated by Nrg1p; ALT1 has a paralog, ALT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; Alt2p is catalytically inactive
ydr111c YDR111C ALT2 Catalytically inactive alanine transaminase; expression is repressed in the presence of alanine and repression is mediated by Nrg1p; ALT2 has a paralog, ALT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr021w YKR021W ALY1 Alpha arrestin, substrate of calcineurin; controls nutrient-mediated intracellular sorting of permease Gap1p; interacts with AP-1 subunit Apl4p; dephosphorylation of Aly1p required for the endocytosis of Dip5p; may regulate endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins by recruiting ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p to plasma membrane targets; ALY1 has a paralog, ALY2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl084c YJL084C ALY2 Alpha arrestin; controls nutrient-mediated intracellular sorting of permease Gap1p; interacts with AP-1 subunit Apl4p; phosphorylated by Npr1p and also by cyclin-CDK complex Pcl7p-Pho85p; promotes endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins; ALY2 has a paralog, ALY1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr225w YGR225W AMA1 Activator of meiotic anaphase promoting complex (APC/C); Cdc20p family member; required for initiation of spore wall assembly; required for Clb1p degradation during meiosis; prevents premature assembly of the meiosis I spindle, required for DSB induced prophase I arrest
yml035c YML035C AMD1 AMP deaminase; tetrameric enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of AMP to form IMP and ammonia; thought to be involved in regulation of intracellular purine (adenine, guanine, and inosine) nucleotide pools
ydr242w YDR242W AMD2 Putative amidase
ygr001c YGR001C AML1 Putative protein of unknown function; similar to methyltransferase family members; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; required for replication of Brome mosaic virus in S. cerevisiae; expresses a circular RNA
ybr158w YBR158W AMN1 Protein required for daughter cell separation; multiple mitotic checkpoints, and chromosome stability; contains 12 degenerate leucine-rich repeat motifs; expression is induced by the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN)
ygl156w YGL156W AMS1 Vacuolar alpha mannosidase; involved in free oligosaccharide (fOS) degradation; delivered to the vacuole in a novel pathway separate from the secretory pathway
yjr047c YJR047C ANB1 Translation elongation factor eIF-5A; previously thought to function in translation initiation; undergoes an essential hypusination modification; expressed under anaerobic conditions; ANB1 has a paralog, HYP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel036c YEL036C ANP1 Subunit of the alpha-1,6 mannosyltransferase complex; type II membrane protein; has a role in retention of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi; involved in osmotic sensitivity and resistance to aminonitrophenyl propanediol
ykl047w YKL047W ANR2 Putative protein of unknown function; predicted to be palmitoylated; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
yhr126c YHR126C ANS1 Putative GPI protein; transcription dependent upon Azf1p
ypr128c YPR128C ANT1 Peroxisomal adenine nucleotide transporter; involved in beta-oxidation of medium-chain fatty acid; required for peroxisome proliferation
ycl050c YCL050C APA1 AP4A phosphorylase; bifunctional diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate phosphorylase and ADP sulfurylase involved in catabolism of bis(5'-nucleosidyl) tetraphosphates; catalyzes phosphorolysis of dinucleoside oligophosphates, cleaving substrates' alpha/beta-anhydride bond and introducing Pi into the beta-position of the corresponding NDP formed; protein abundance increases under DNA replication stress; APA1 has a paralog, APA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr530c YDR530C APA2 Diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate phosphorylase II; AP4A phosphorylase involved in catabolism of bis(5'-nucleosidyl) tetraphosphates; APA2 has a paralog, APA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr102c YLR102C APC9 Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); APC/C is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition
ybr151w YBR151W APD1 Protein of unknown function; required for normal localization of actin patches and for normal tolerance of sodium ions and hydrogen peroxide; localizes to both cytoplasm and nucleus
ykl103c YKL103C APE1 Vacuolar aminopeptidase yscI; zinc metalloproteinase that belongs to the peptidase family M18; often used as a marker protein in studies of autophagy and cytosol to vacuole targeting (CVT) pathway; protein increases in abundance and relative distribution to cytoplasmic foci increases upon DNA replication stress
ybr286w YBR286W APE3 Vacuolar aminopeptidase Y; processed to mature form by Prb1p
yhr113w YHR113W APE4 Cytoplasmic aspartyl aminopeptidase with possible vacuole function; Cvt pathway cargo protein; cleaves unblocked N-terminal acidic amino acids from peptide substrates; forms a 12-subunit homo-oligomer; M18 metalloprotease family
ydr525w YDR525W API2 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 26% of ORF overlaps the dubious ORF YDR524C-A; insertion mutation in a cdc34-2 mutant background causes altered bud morphology
ynl077w YNL077W APJ1 Chaperone with a role in SUMO-mediated protein degradation; member of the DnaJ-like family; conserved across eukaryotes; overexpression interferes with propagation of the [Psi+] prion; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
yjr005w YJR005W APL1 Beta-adaptin; large subunit of the clathrin associated protein complex (AP-2); involved in vesicle mediated transport; similar to mammalian beta-chain of the clathrin associated protein complex
ykl135c YKL135C APL2 Beta-adaptin subunit of the clathrin-associated protein (AP-1) complex; binds clathrin; involved in clathrin-dependent Golgi protein sorting; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybl037w YBL037W APL3 Alpha-adaptin; large subunit of the clathrin associated protein complex (AP-2); involved in vesicle mediated transport
ypr029c YPR029C APL4 Gamma-adaptin; large subunit of the clathrin-associated protein (AP-1) complex; binds clathrin; involved in vesicle mediated transport
ypl195w YPL195W APL5 Delta adaptin-like subunit of the clathrin associated protein complex; functions in transport of alkaline phosphatase to the vacuole via the alternate pathway; suppressor of loss of casein kinase 1 function; the clathrin associated protein complex is also known as AP-3
ygr261c YGR261C APL6 Beta3-like subunit of the yeast AP-3 complex; functions in transport of alkaline phosphatase to the vacuole via the alternate pathway; exists in both cytosolic and peripherally associated membrane-bound pools
ypl259c YPL259C APM1 Mu1-like medium subunit of the AP-1 complex; binds clathrin; involved in clathrin-dependent Golgi protein sorting; the AP-1 complex is the clathrin-associated protein complex
yhl019c YHL019C APM2 Protein of unknown function; homologous to the medium chain of mammalian clathrin-associated protein complex; involved in vesicular transport
ybr288c YBR288C APM3 Mu3-like subunit of the clathrin associated protein complex (AP-3); functions in transport of alkaline phosphatase to the vacuole via the alternate pathway
yol062c YOL062C APM4 Mu2-like subunit of the clathrin associated protein complex (AP-2); involved in vesicle transport
ykl114c YKL114C APN1 Major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease; 3'-repair diesterase; involved in repair of DNA damage by oxidation and alkylating agents; also functions as a 3'-5' exonuclease to repair 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine; genetically interacts with NTG1 to maintain mitochondrial genome integrity
ybl019w YBL019W APN2 Class II abasic (AP) endonuclease involved in repair of DNA damage; homolog of human HAP1 and E. coli exoIII
ynl094w YNL094W APP1 Phosphatidate phosphatase, converts phosphatidate to diacylglycerol; App1p, Pah1p, Dpp1p, and Lpp1p are responsible for all the phosphatidate phosphatase activity; component of cortical actin patches; interacts with components of endocytic pathway
yil040w YIL040W APQ12 Protein required for nuclear envelope morphology; nuclear pore complex localization, mRNA export from the nucleus; exhibits synthetic lethal genetic interactions with genes involved in lipid metabolism
yjl075c YJL075C APQ13 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 85% of ORF overlaps the verified gene NET1; null mutant is sensitive to sorbate
ylr170c YLR170C APS1 Small subunit of the clathrin-associated adaptor complex AP-1; AP-1 is involved in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network; homolog of the sigma subunit of the mammalian clathrin AP-1 complex
yjr058c YJR058C APS2 Small subunit of the clathrin-associated adaptor complex AP-2; AP-2 is involved in protein sorting at the plasma membrane; related to the sigma subunit of the mammalian plasma membrane clathrin-associated protein (AP-2) complex
yjl024c YJL024C APS3 Small subunit of the clathrin-associated adaptor complex AP-3; involved in vacuolar protein sorting; related to the sigma subunit of the mammalian clathrin AP-3 complex; suppressor of loss of casein kinase 1 function; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yml022w YML022W APT1 Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase; catalyzes the formation of AMP from adenine and 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate; involved in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis; APT1 has a paralog, APT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr441c YDR441C APT2 Potential adenine phosphoribosyltransferase; encodes a protein with similarity to adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, but artificially expressed protein exhibits no enzymatic activity; APT2 has a paralog, APT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl065w YNL065W AQR1 Plasma membrane transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; confers resistance to short-chain monocarboxylic acids and quinidine; involved in the excretion of excess amino acids; AQR1 has a paralog, QDR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relocalizes from plasma membrane to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ypr192w YPR192W AQY1 Spore-specific water channel; mediates the transport of water across cell membranes, developmentally controlled; may play a role in spore maturation, probably by allowing water outflow, may be involved in freeze tolerance
yll052c YLL052C AQY2 Water channel that mediates water transport across cell membranes; only expressed in proliferating cells; controlled by osmotic signals; may be involved in freeze tolerance; disrupted by a stop codon in many S. cerevisiae strains
ybr149w YBR149W ARA1 NADP+ dependent arabinose dehydrogenase; involved in carbohydrate metabolism; purified as homodimer; naturally occurs with a N-terminus degradation product
ymr041c YMR041C ARA2 NAD-dependent arabinose dehydrogenase; involved in biosynthesis of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone; similar to plant L-galactose dehydrogenase
ygl105w YGL105W ARC1 Protein that binds tRNA and methionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases; involved in tRNA delivery, stimulating catalysis, and ensuring localization; also binds quadruplex nucleic acids; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; methionyl-tRNA synthetase is Mes1p; glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is Gus1p
ylr370c YLR370C ARC18 Subunit of the ARP2/3 complex; ARP2/3 is required for the motility and integrity of cortical actin patches
yhr013c YHR013C ARD1 Subunit of protein N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA; NatA is comprised of Nat1p, Ard1p, and Nat5p; acetylates many proteins and thus affects telomeric silencing, cell cycle, heat-shock resistance, mating, and sporulation; human Ard1p levels are elevated in cancer cells; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ycr048w YCR048W ARE1 Acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferase; endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that contributes the major sterol esterification activity in the absence of oxygen; ARE1 has a paralog, ARE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynr019w YNR019W ARE2 Acyl-CoA:sterol acyltransferase; endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that contributes the major sterol esterification activity in the presence of oxygen; ARE2 has a paralog, ARE1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl192w YDL192W ARF1 ADP-ribosylation factor; GTPase of the Ras superfamily involved in regulation of coated vesicle formation in intracellular trafficking within the Golgi; ARF1 has a paralog, ARF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl137w YDL137W ARF2 ADP-ribosylation factor; GTPase of the Ras superfamily involved in regulation of coated formation vesicles in intracellular trafficking within the Golgi; ARF2 has a paralog, ARF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor094w YOR094W ARF3 Glucose-repressible ADP-ribosylation factor; GTPase of the Ras superfamily involved in regulating cell polarity and invasive growth; also has mRNA binding activity
yol058w YOL058W ARG1 Arginosuccinate synthetase; catalyzes the formation of L-argininosuccinate from citrulline and L-aspartate in the arginine biosynthesis pathway; potential Cdc28p substrate
yjl071w YJL071W ARG2 Acetylglutamate synthase (glutamate N-acetyltransferase); mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the arginine precursor ornithine; forms a complex with Arg5,6p
yjl088w YJL088W ARG3 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase; also known as carbamoylphosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase; catalyzes the biosynthesis of the arginine precursor citrulline
yhr018c YHR018C ARG4 Argininosuccinate lyase; catalyzes the final step in the arginine biosynthesis pathway
yer069w YER069W ARG5,6 Acetylglutamate kinase and N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase; N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK) catalyzes the 2nd and N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase (NAGSA), the 3rd step in arginine biosynthesis; synthesized as a precursor which is processed in the mitochondrion to yield mature NAGK and NAGSA; enzymes form a metabolon complex with Arg2p; NAGK C-terminal domain stabilizes the enzymes, slows catalysis and is involved in feed-back inhibition by arginine
ymr062c YMR062C ARG7 Mitochondrial ornithine acetyltransferase; catalyzes the fifth step in arginine biosynthesis; also possesses acetylglutamate synthase activity, regenerates acetylglutamate while forming ornithine
ymr042w YMR042W ARG80 Transcription factor involved in regulating arginine-responsive genes; acts with Arg81p and Arg82p
yml099c YML099C ARG81 Zinc finger transcription factor involved in arginine-responsive genes; Zn(2)-Cys(6) binuclear cluster domain type; involved in the regulation of arginine-responsive genes; acts with Arg80p and Arg82p
ydr173c YDR173C ARG82 Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK); sequentially phosphorylates Ins(1,4,5)P3 to form Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5; also has diphosphoinositol polyphosphate synthase activity; regulates arginine-, phosphate-, and nitrogen-responsive genes
ygl157w YGL157W ARI1 NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase; utilizes aromatic and alophatic aldehyde substrates; member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily
ynl020c YNL020C ARK1 Serine/threonine protein kinase; involved in regulation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; involved in control of endocytosis; ARK1 has a paralog, PRK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr164c YBR164C ARL1 Soluble GTPase with a role in regulation of membrane traffic; regulates potassium influx; G protein of the Ras superfamily, similar to ADP-ribosylation factor
ypl051w YPL051W ARL3 ARF-like small GTPase of the RAS superfamily; required for recruitment of Arl1p, a GTPase that regulates membrane traffic, to the Golgi apparatus; NatC-catalyzed N-terminal acetylation regulates Golgi membrane association mediated by interaction with membrane receptor, Sys1p; similar to ADP-ribosylation factor and orthologous to mammalian ARFRP1
yhl040c YHL040C ARN1 ARN family transporter for siderophore-iron chelates; responsible for uptake of iron bound to ferrirubin, ferrirhodin, and related siderophores; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes to the vacuole upon DNA replication stress
yhl047c YHL047C ARN2 Transporter; member of the ARN family of transporters that specifically recognize siderophore-iron chelates; responsible for uptake of iron bound to the siderophore triacetylfusarinine C
ydr127w YDR127W ARO1 Pentafunctional arom protein; catalyzes steps 2 through 6 in the biosynthesis of chorismate, which is a precursor to aromatic amino acids
ydr380w YDR380W ARO10 Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase; catalyzes decarboxylation of phenylpyruvate to phenylacetaldehyde, which is the first specific step in the Ehrlich pathway; involved in protein N-terminal Met and Ala catabolism
ygl148w YGL148W ARO2 Bifunctional chorismate synthase and flavin reductase; catalyzes the conversion of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) to form chorismate, which is a precursor to aromatic amino acids; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr035w YDR035W ARO3 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase; catalyzes the first step in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and is feedback-inhibited by phenylalanine or high concentration of tyrosine or tryptophan
ybr249c YBR249C ARO4 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase; catalyzes the first step in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and is feedback-inhibited by tyrosine or high concentrations of phenylalanine or tryptophan; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ypr060c YPR060C ARO7 Chorismate mutase; catalyzes the conversion of chorismate to prephenate to initiate the tyrosine/phenylalanine-specific branch of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis
ygl202w YGL202W ARO8 Aromatic aminotransferase I; expression is regulated by general control of amino acid biosynthesis
ydr421w YDR421W ARO80 Zinc finger transcriptional activator of the Zn2Cys6 family; activates transcription of aromatic amino acid catabolic genes in the presence of aromatic amino acids
yhr137w YHR137W ARO9 Aromatic aminotransferase II; catalyzes the first step of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine catabolism
yhr129c YHR129C ARP1 Actin-related protein of the dynactin complex; required for spindle orientation and nuclear migration; forms actin-like short filament composed of 9 or 10 Arp1p monomers; putative ortholog of mammalian centractin
ynl059c YNL059C ARP5 Nuclear actin-related protein involved in chromatin remodeling; component of chromatin-remodeling enzyme complexes; promotes nucleosome shifts in the 3 prime direction
ylr085c YLR085C ARP6 Actin-related protein that binds nucleosomes; a component of the SWR1 complex, which exchanges histone variant H2AZ (Htz1p) for chromatin-bound histone H2A
yor141c YOR141C ARP8 Nuclear actin-related protein involved in chromatin remodeling; component of chromatin-remodeling enzyme complexes; has mRNA binding activity
ypr199c YPR199C ARR1 Transcriptional activator of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family; required for transcription of genes involved in resistance to arsenic compounds
ypr200c YPR200C ARR2 Arsenate reductase required for arsenate resistance; converts arsenate to arsenite which can then be exported from cells by Arr3p
ypr201w YPR201W ARR3 Plasma membrane metalloid/H+ antiporter; transports arsenite and antimonite; required for resistance to arsenic compounds; transcription is activated by Arr1p in the presence of arsenite
ylr392c YLR392C ART10 Protein of unknown function that contains 2 PY motifs; ubiquinated by Rsp5p; overexpression confers resistance to arsenite; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes it to the cytoplasm; non-essential gene
ygr068c YGR068C ART5 Protein proposed to regulate endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins; regulates by recruiting the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p to its target in the plasma membrane
ylr242c YLR242C ARV1 Cortical ER protein; implicated in the membrane insertion of tail-anchored C-terminal single transmembrane domain proteins; may function in transport of glycosylphosphatidylinositol intermediates into ER lumen; required for normal intracellular sterol distribution; human ARV1 required for normal cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis; similar to Nup120p
ydr101c YDR101C ARX1 Nuclear export factor for the ribosomal pre-60S subunit; shuttling factor which directly binds FG rich nucleoporins and facilities translocation through the nuclear pore complex; interacts directly with Alb1p; responsible for Tif6p recycling defects in the absence of Rei1; associated with the ribosomal export complex
ymr116c YMR116C ASC1 G-protein beta subunit and guanine dissociation inhibitor for Gpa2p; ortholog of RACK1 that inhibits translation; core component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; regulates P-body formation induced by replication stress; represses Gcn4p in the absence of amino acid starvation
yor058c YOR058C ASE1 Mitotic spindle midzone-localized microtubule bundling protein; microtubule-associated protein (MAP) family member; required for spindle elongation and stabilization; undergoes cell cycle-regulated degradation by anaphase promoting complex; potential Cdc28p substrate; relative distribution to microtubules decreases upon DNA replication stress
yjl115w YJL115W ASF1 Nucleosome assembly factor; involved in chromatin assembly and disassembly, anti-silencing protein that causes derepression of silent loci when overexpressed; plays a role in regulating Ty1 transposition; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ydl197c YDL197C ASF2 Anti-silencing protein; causes derepression of silent loci when overexpressed
yil130w YIL130W ASG1 Zinc cluster protein proposed to be a transcriptional regulator; regulator involved in the stress response; null mutants have a respiratory deficiency, calcofluor white sensitivity and slightly increased cycloheximide resistance
yjl170c YJL170C ASG7 Protein that regulates signaling from G protein beta subunit Ste4p; contributes to relocalization of Ste4p within the cell; specific to a-cells and induced by alpha-factor
ykl185w YKL185W ASH1 Component of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex; zinc-finger inhibitor of HO transcription; mRNA is localized and translated in the distal tip of anaphase cells, resulting in accumulation of Ash1p in daughter cell nuclei and inhibition of HO expression; potential Cdc28p substrate
ymr119w YMR119W ASI1 Putative integral membrane E3 ubiquitin ligase; acts with Asi2p and Asi3p to ensure the fidelity of SPS-sensor signalling by maintaining the dormant repressed state of gene expression in the absence of inducing signals; ASI1 has a paralog, ASI3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl159c YNL159C ASI2 Integral inner nuclear membrane protein; acts with Asi1p and Asi3p to ensure the fidelity of SPS-sensor signaling by maintaining the dormant repressed state of gene expression in the absence of inducing signals
ynl008c YNL008C ASI3 Putative integral membrane E3 ubiquitin ligase; acts with Asi1p and Asi2p to ensure the fidelity of SPS-sensor signalling by maintaining the dormant repressed state of gene expression in the absence of inducing signals; ASI3 has a paralog, ASI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr097w YGR097W ASK10 Component of RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; phosphorylated in response to oxidative stress; has a role in destruction of Ssn8p; proposed to function in activation of the glycerol channel Fps1p; ASK10 has a paralog, RGC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl088c YDL088C ASM4 FG-nucleoporin component of central core of nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes directly to nucleocytoplasmic transport; induces membrane tubulation, which may contribute to nuclear pore assembly; ASM4 has a paralog, NUP53, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr145w YPR145W ASN1 Asparagine synthetase; catalyzes the synthesis of L-asparagine from L-aspartate in the asparagine biosynthetic pathway; ASN1 has a paralog, ASN2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr124w YGR124W ASN2 Asparagine synthetase; catalyzes the synthesis of L-asparagine from L-aspartate in the asparagine biosynthetic pathway; ASN2 has a paralog, ASN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr321w YDR321W ASP1 Cytosolic L-asparaginase, involved in asparagine catabolism; catalyzes hydrolysis of L-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia, has an important role in therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia; synthesized constitutively
ypr093c YPR093C ASR1 Ubiquitin ligase that modifies and regulates RNA Pol II; involved in a putative alcohol-responsive signaling pathway; accumulates in the nucleus under alcohol stress; contains a Ring/PHD finger domain similar to the mammalian rA9 protein
ybl069w YBL069W AST1 Lipid raft associated protein; interacts with the plasma membrane ATPase Pma1p and has a role in its targeting to the plasma membrane by influencing its incorporation into lipid rafts; sometimes classified in the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (MDRs) superfamily; AST1 has a paralog, AST2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer101c YER101C AST2 Lipid raft associated protein; overexpression restores Pma1p localization to lipid rafts which is required for targeting of Pma1p to the plasma membrane; sometimes classified in the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (MDRs) superfamily; AST2 has a paralog, AST1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr184c YDR184C ATC1 Nuclear protein; possibly involved in regulation of cation stress responses and/or in the establishment of bipolar budding pattern; relative distribution to the nucleus decreases upon DNA replication stress
ygl017w YGL017W ATE1 Arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase; catalyzes post-translational conjugation of arginine to the amino termini of acceptor proteins which are then subject to degradation via the N-end rule pathway
yor377w YOR377W ATF1 Alcohol acetyltransferase; responsible for the major part of volatile acetate ester production during fermentation; main enzyme involved in terpenyl acetate synthesis; potential roles in lipid and sterol metabolism
ygr177c YGR177C ATF2 Alcohol acetyltransferase; may play a role in steroid detoxification; forms volatile esters during fermentation, which is important for brewing and winemaking
ygl180w YGL180W ATG1 Protein serine/threonine kinase; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; structurally required for phagophore assembly site formation; during autophagy forms a complex with Atg13p and Atg17p; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation
yll042c YLL042C ATG10 Conserved E2-like conjugating enzyme; mediates formation of the Atg12p-Atg5p conjugate, which is a critical step in autophagy
ypr049c YPR049C ATG11 Adapter protein for pexophagy and the Cvt targeting pathway; directs receptor-bound cargo to the phagophore assembly site (PAS) for packaging into vesicles; required for recruiting other proteins to the PAS; recruits Dnm1p to facilitate fission of mitochondria that are destined for removal by mitophagy
ybr217w YBR217W ATG12 Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in autophagy and the Cvt pathway; conserved; conjugated to Atg5p to form a complex involved in Atg8p lipidation; Atg5p-Atg12p cojugate also forms a complex with Atg16p; the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 complex binds to membranes and is essential for autophagosome formation
ypr185w YPR185W ATG13 Regulatory subunit of the Atg1p signaling complex; stimulates Atg1p kinase activity; required for vesicle formation during autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; contains a HORMA domain required for autophagy and for recruitment of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex subunit Atg14p to the pre-autophagosomal structure
ybr128c YBR128C ATG14 Autophagy-specific subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I; Atg14p targets complex I to the phagophore assembly site (PAS); required for localizing additional ATG proteins to the PAS; required for overflow degradation of misfolded proteins when ERAD is saturated; homolog of human Barkor; other members are Vps34, Vps15, and Vps30p
ycr068w YCR068W ATG15 Lipase required for intravacuolar lysis of autophagic and Cvt bodies; targeted to intravacuolar vesicles during autophagy via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway
ymr159c YMR159C ATG16 Conserved protein involved in autophagy; interacts with Atg12p-Atg5p conjugates to form Atg12p-Atg5p-Atg16p multimers, which binds to membranes and localizes to the pre-autophagosomal structure and are required for autophagy; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ylr423c YLR423C ATG17 Scaffold protein responsible for phagophore assembly site organization; regulatory subunit of an autophagy-specific complex that includes Atg1p and Atg13p; stimulates Atg1p kinase activity; human ortholog RB1CC1/FIP200 interacts with p53, which inhibits autophagy in human cells
yfr021w YFR021W ATG18 Phosphoinositide binding protein; required for vesicle formation in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; binds both phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; WD-40 repeat protein; relocalizes from vacuole to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; has 4 mammalian homologs WIPI1, WIPI2, WIPI3 and WIPI4/WDR45; mutations in human WDR45 cause static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood
yol082w YOL082W ATG19 Receptor protein for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; delivers cargo proteins aminopeptidase I (Ape1p) and alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p) to the phagophore assembly site for packaging into Cvt vesicles
ynl242w YNL242W ATG2 Peripheral membrane protein required for autophagic vesicle formation; also required for vesicle formation during pexophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vaucole targeting (Cvt) pathway; involved in Atg9p cycling between the phagophore assembly site and mitochondria; essential for cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 under nitrogen starvation; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ydl113c YDL113C ATG20 Sorting nexin family member; required for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway and for endosomal sorting; has a Phox homology domain that binds phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; interacts with Snx4p; potential Cdc28p substrate
ypl100w YPL100W ATG21 Phosphoinositide binding protein; required for vesicle formation in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; binds both phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; WD-40 repeat protein
ycl038c YCL038C ATG22 Vacuolar integral membrane protein required for efflux of amino acids; required for efflux of amino acids during autophagic body breakdown in the vacuole; null mutation causes a gradual loss of viability during starvation
ylr431c YLR431C ATG23 Peripheral membrane protein required for autophagy and CVT; required for cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway and efficient macroautophagy; cycles between the phagophore assembly site (PAS) and non-PAS locations; forms a complex with Atg9p and Atg27p
ylr189c YLR189C ATG26 UDP-glucose:sterol glucosyltransferase; conserved enzyme involved in synthesis of sterol glucoside membrane lipids; in contrast to ATG26 from P. pastoris, S. cerevisiae ATG26 is not involved in autophagy
yjl178c YJL178C ATG27 Type I membrane protein involved in autophagy and the Cvt pathway; may be involved in membrane delivery to the phagophore assembly site
ypl166w YPL166W ATG29 Autophagy-specific protein; required for recruiting other ATG proteins to the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS); interacts with Atg17p and localizas to the PAS in a manner interdependent with Atg17p and Cis1p; not conserved; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ynr007c YNR007C ATG3 E2-like enzyme; involved in autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; plays a role in formation of Atg8p-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugates, which are involved in membrane dynamics during autophagy and Cvt; interaction with Atg8p is regulated by its acetylation by Esa1p (catalytic subunit of NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex) while attenuation of Atg3 acetylation is mediated by histone deacetylase Rpd3p
ydr022c YDR022C ATG31 Autophagy-specific protein required for autophagosome formation; may form a complex with Atg17p and Atg29p that localizes other proteins to the pre-autophagosomal structure; high-copy suppressor of CIK1 deletion
yil146c YIL146C ATG32 Mitochondrial outer membrane protein required to initiate mitophagy; recruits the autophagy adaptor protein Atg11p and the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8p to the mitochondrial surface to initiate mitophagy, the selective vacuolar degradation of mitochondria in response to starvation; can promote pexophagy when placed ectopically in the peroxisomal membrane; regulates mitophagy and ethanol production during alcoholic fermentation
ylr356w YLR356W ATG33 Mitochondrial mitophagy-specific protein; required primarily for mitophagy induced at post-log phase; not required for other types of selective autophagy or macroautophagy; conserved within fungi, but not in higher eukaryotes; ATG33 has a paralog, SCM4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol083w YOL083W ATG34 Receptor protein involved in selective autophagy during starvation; specifically involved in the transport of cargo protein alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p); Atg19p paralog
yjl185c YJL185C ATG36 Pex3p interacting protein, required for pexophagy; interacts with Atg8p and Atg11p; mRNA is weakly cell cycle regulated, peaking in G2 phase; YJL185C is a non-essential gene
ylr211c YLR211C ATG38 Homodimeric subunit of autophagy-specific PtdIns-3-kinase complex I; required for the integrity of the active PtdIns-3-kinase complex I by maintaining an association between Vps15p-Vps34p and Atg14p-Vps30p subcomplexes; localizes to the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) in an Atg14p-dependent manner; ATG38 is non-essential but is required for macroautophagy
ynl223w YNL223W ATG4 Conserved cysteine protease required for autophagy; cleaves Atg8p to a form required for autophagosome and Cvt vesicle generation
ypl149w YPL149W ATG5 Conserved protein involved in autophagy and the Cvt pathway; undergoes conjugation with Atg12p to form a complex involved in Atg8p lipidation; Atg5p-Atg12p cojugate also forms a complex with Atg16p; the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 complex binds to membranes and is essential for autophagosome formation
yhr171w YHR171W ATG7 Autophagy-related protein and dual specificity member of the E1 family; mediates the conjugation of Atg12p with Atg5p and Atg8p with phosphatidylethanolamine which are required steps in autophagosome formation; E1 enzymes are also known as ubiquitin-activating enzymes
ybl078c YBL078C ATG8 Component of autophagosomes and Cvt vesicles; regulator of Atg1p, targets it to autophagosomes; binds the Atg1p-Atg13p complex, triggering its vacuolar degradation; unique ubiquitin-like protein whose conjugation target is lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); Atg8p-PE is anchored to membranes, is involved in phagophore expansion, and may mediate membrane fusion during autophagosome formation; deconjugation of Atg8p-PE is required for efficient autophagosome biogenesis
ydl149w YDL149W ATG9 Transmembrane protein involved in forming Cvt and autophagic vesicles; cycles between the phagophore assembly site (PAS) and other cytosolic punctate structures, not found in autophagosomes; may be involved in membrane delivery to the PAS
ypr026w YPR026W ATH1 Acid trehalase required for utilization of extracellular trehalose; involved in intracellular trehalose degradation during growth recovery after saline stress
ynr002c YNR002C ATO2 Putative transmembrane protein involved in export of ammonia; ammonia is a starvation signal that promotes cell death in aging colonies; phosphorylated in mitochondria; member of the TC 9.B.33 YaaH family; homolog of Y. lipolytica Gpr1p; ATO2 has a paralog, ADY2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr384c YDR384C ATO3 Plasma membrane protein, putative ammonium transporter; regulation pattern suggests a possible role in export of ammonia from the cell; phosphorylated in mitochondria; member of the TC 9.B.33 YaaH family of putative transporters
ybl099w YBL099W ATP1 Alpha subunit of the F1 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; which is a large, evolutionarily conserved enzyme complex required for ATP synthesis; F1 translationally regulates ATP6 and ATP8 expression to achieve a balanced output of ATP synthase genes encoded in nucleus and mitochondria; phosphorylated
ylr393w YLR393W ATP10 Assembly factor for the F0 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; mitochondrial inner membrane protein; interacts genetically with ATP6
ynl315c YNL315C ATP11 Molecular chaperone; required for the assembly of alpha and beta subunits into the F1 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase
yjl180c YJL180C ATP12 Assembly factor for the F1 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; conserved protein; required for the assembly of alpha and beta subunits into the F1 sector of the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; mutation of human ATP12 reduces active ATP synthase levels and is associated with the disorder ATPAF2 deficiency
ylr295c YLR295C ATP14 Subunit h of the F0 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; F1F0 ATP synthase is a large, evolutionarily conserved enzyme complex required for ATP synthesis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypl271w YPL271W ATP15 Epsilon subunit of the F1 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; which is a large, evolutionarily conserved enzyme complex required for ATP synthesis; F1 translationally regulates ATP6 and ATP8 expression to achieve a balanced output of ATP synthase genes encoded in nucleus and mitochondria; phosphorylated
ydr377w YDR377W ATP17 Subunit f of the F0 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; F1F0 ATP synthase is a large, evolutionarily conserved enzyme complex required for ATP synthesis
yml081c-a YML081C-A ATP18 Subunit of the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; F1F0 ATP synthase is a large, evolutionarily conserved enzyme complex required for ATP synthesis; termed subunit I or subunit j; does not correspond to known ATP synthase subunits in other organisms
yjr121w YJR121W ATP2 Beta subunit of the F1 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; which is a large, evolutionarily conserved enzyme complex required for ATP synthesis; F1 translationally regulates ATP6 and ATP8 expression to achieve a balanced output of ATP synthase genes encoded in nucleus and mitochondria; phosphorylated
ypr020w YPR020W ATP20 Subunit g of the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; reversibly phosphorylated on two residues; unphosphorylated form is required for dimerization of the ATP synthase complex, which in turn determines oligomerization of the complex and the shape of inner membrane cristae
ydr350c YDR350C ATP22 Specific translational activator for the mitochondrial ATP6 mRNA; Atp6p encodes a subunit of F1F0 ATP synthase; localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane
ynr020c YNR020C ATP23 Putative metalloprotease of the mitochondrial inner membrane; required for processing of Atp6p; has an additional role in assembly of the F0 sector of the F1F0 ATP synthase complex; substrate of the Mia40p-Erv1p disulfide relay system, and folding is assisted by Mia40p
ymr098c YMR098C ATP25 Mitochondrial protein required for the stability of Oli1p (Atp9p) mRNA; also required for the Oli1p ring formation; YMR098C is not an essential gene
ypl078c YPL078C ATP4 Subunit b of the stator stalk of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; ATP synthase is a large, evolutionarily conserved enzyme complex required for ATP synthesis; contributes to the oligomerization of the complex, which in turn determines the shape of inner membrane cristae; phosphorylated
ydr298c YDR298C ATP5 Subunit 5 of the stator stalk of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; F1F0 ATP synthase is a large, evolutionarily conserved enzyme complex required for ATP synthesis; homologous to bovine subunit OSCP (oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein); phosphorylated
ykl016c YKL016C ATP7 Subunit d of the stator stalk of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; F1F0 ATP synthase is a large, evolutionarily conserved enzyme complex required for ATP synthesis
yml116w YML116W ATR1 Multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily; required for resistance to aminotriazole and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide; ATR1 has a paralog, YMR279C, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yal020c YAL020C ATS1 Protein required for modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA; acts with Elongator complex, Kti11p, and Kti12p; has a potential role in regulatory interactions between microtubules and the cell cycle
ynl259c YNL259C ATX1 Cytosolic copper metallochaperone; transports copper to the secretory vesicle copper transporter Ccc2p for eventual insertion into Fet3p, which is a multicopper oxidase required for high-affinity iron uptake
yor079c YOR079C ATX2 Golgi membrane protein involved in manganese homeostasis; overproduction suppresses the sod1 (copper, zinc superoxide dismutase) null mutation
yor011w YOR011W AUS1 Plasma membrane sterol transporter of the ATP-binding cassette family; required, along with Pdr11p, for uptake of exogenous sterols and their incorporation into the plasma membrane; activity is stimulated by phosphatidylserine; sterol uptake is required for anaerobic growth because sterol biosynthesis requires oxygen; AUS1 has a paralog, PDR11, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr114c YLR114C AVL9 Conserved protein involved in exocytic transport from the Golgi; mutation is synthetically lethal with apl2 vps1 double mutation; member of a protein superfamily with orthologs in diverse organisms; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ymr068w YMR068W AVO2 Component of a complex containing the Tor2p kinase and other proteins; complex may have a role in regulation of cell growth
yjr001w YJR001W AVT1 Vacuolar transporter; imports large neutral amino acids into the vacuole; member of a family of seven S. cerevisiae genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters
yel064c YEL064C AVT2 Putative transporter; member of a family of seven S. cerevisiae genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters
ykl146w YKL146W AVT3 Vacuolar transporter; exports large neutral amino acids from the vacuole; member of a family of seven S. cerevisiae genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters
ynl101w YNL101W AVT4 Vacuolar transporter; exports large neutral amino acids from the vacuole; member of a family of seven S. cerevisiae genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters
ybl089w YBL089W AVT5 Putative transporter; member of a family of seven S. cerevisiae genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters; AVT5 has a paralog, AVT6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer119c YER119C AVT6 Vacuolar aspartate and glutamate exporter; member of a family of seven genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters; involved in compartmentalizing acidic amino acids in response to nitrogen starvation; AVT6 has a paralog, AVT5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil088c YIL088C AVT7 Putative transporter; member of a family of seven S. cerevisiae genes (AVT1-7) related to vesicular GABA-glycine transporters
ypr122w YPR122W AXL1 Haploid specific endoprotease of a-factor mating pheromone; performs one of two N-terminal cleavages during maturation of a-factor mating pheromone; required for axial budding pattern of haploid cells
yil140w YIL140W AXL2 Integral plasma membrane protein; required for axial budding in haploid cells; localizes to the incipient bud site and bud neck; glycosylated by Pmt4p; potential Cdc28p substrate
yil124w YIL124W AYR1 Bifunctional triacylglycerol lipase and 1-acyl DHAP reductase; NADPH-dependent 1-acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase involved in phosphatidic acid biosynthesis; lipid droplet triacylglycerol lipase involved in the mobilization of non-polar lipids; found in lipid particles, the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrial outer membrane; required for spore germination; role in cell wall biosynthesis; capable of metabolizing steroid hormones; oleic acid inducible
yll063c YLL063C AYT1 Acetyltransferase; catalyzes trichothecene 3-O-acetylation, suggesting a possible role in trichothecene biosynthesis
yor113w YOR113W AZF1 Zinc-finger transcription factor; involved in diauxic shift; in the presence of glucose, activates transcription of genes involved in growth and carbon metabolism; in nonfermentable carbon sources, activates transcription of genes involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ygr224w YGR224W AZR1 Plasma membrane transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; involved in resistance to azole drugs such as ketoconazole and fluconazole
yor134w YOR134W BAG7 Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP); stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of Rho1p, which plays a bud growth by regulating actin cytoskeleton organization and cell wall biosynthesis, resulting in the downregulation of Rho1p; structurally and functionally related to Sac7p; BAG7 has a paralog, SAC7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr068c YBR068C BAP2 High-affinity leucine permease; functions as a branched-chain amino acid permease involved in uptake of leucine, isoleucine and valine; contains 12 predicted transmembrane domains; BAP2 has a paralog, BAP3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr046c YDR046C BAP3 Amino acid permease; involved in uptake of cysteine, leucine, isoleucine and valine; BAP3 has a paralog, BAP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil015w YIL015W BAR1 Aspartyl protease; secreted into the periplasmic space of mating type a cell; helps cells find mating partners; cleaves and inactivates alpha factor allowing cells to recover from alpha-factor-induced cell cycle arrest
ykr099w YKR099W BAS1 Myb-related transcription factor; involved in regulating basal and induced expression of genes of the purine and histidine biosynthesis pathways; also involved in regulation of meiotic recombination at specific genes
yjr148w YJR148W BAT2 Cytosolic branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) aminotransferase; preferentially involved in BCAA catabolism; homolog of murine ECA39; highly expressed during stationary phase and repressed during logarithmic phase; BAT2 has a paralog, BAT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr237w YMR237W BCH1 Member of the ChAPs family (Chs5p-Arf1p-binding proteins); members include Bch1p, Bch2p, Bud7p, and Chs6p; ChAPs family proteins form the exomer complex with Chs5p to mediate export of specific cargo proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane; may interact with ribosomes; protein abundance increases and forms cytoplasmic foci in response to DNA replication stress; BCH1 has a paralog, BUD7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr027w YKR027W BCH2 Member of the ChAPs (Chs5p-Arf1p-binding proteins) family; part of the exomer complex with Chs5p to mediate export of specific cargo proteins, including Chs3p, from the Golgi to the plasma membrane; BCH2 has a paralog, CHS6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl095w YJL095W BCK1 MAPKKK acting in the protein kinase C signaling pathway; the kinase C signaling pathway controls cell integrity; upon activation by Pkc1p phosphorylates downstream kinases Mkk1p and Mkk2p; MAPKKK is an acronym for mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase
yer167w YER167W BCK2 Serine/threonine-rich protein involved in PKC1 signaling pathway; protein kinase C (PKC1) signaling pathway controls cell integrity; overproduction suppresses pkc1 mutations
ydr375c YDR375C BCS1 Protein translocase and chaperone required for Complex III assembly; member of the AAA ATPase family; forms a homo-oligomeric complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane that translocates the C-terminal domain of Rip1p from the matrix across the inner membrane, and then delivers it to an assembly intermediate of respiratory Complex III in an ATP-dependent reaction; also required for assembly of the Qcr10p subunit; mutations in human homolog BCS1L linked to neonatal diseases
ylr399c YLR399C BDF1 Protein involved in transcription initiation; functions at TATA-containing promoters; associates with the basal transcription factor TFIID; contains two bromodomains; corresponds to the C-terminal region of mammalian TAF1; redundant with Bdf2p; BDF1 has a paralog, BDF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl070w YDL070W BDF2 Protein involved in transcription initiation; acts at TATA-containing promoters; associates with the basal transcription factor TFIID; contains two bromodomains; corresponds to the C-terminal region of mammalian TAF1; redundant with Bdf1p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; BDF2 has a paralog, BDF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal060w YAL060W BDH1 NAD-dependent (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase; catalyzes oxidation of (R,R)-2,3-butanediol to (3R)-acetoin, oxidation of meso-butanediol to (3S)-acetoin, and reduction of acetoin; enhances use of 2,3-butanediol as an aerobic carbon source
yal061w YAL061W BDH2 Putative medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase with similarity to BDH1; transcription induced by constitutively active PDR1 and PDR3
ybr200w YBR200W BEM1 Protein containing SH3-domains; involved in establishing cell polarity and morphogenesis; functions as a scaffold protein for complexes that include Cdc24p, Ste5p, Ste20p, and Rsr1p
yer155c YER155C BEM2 Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP); involved in the control of cytoskeleton organization and cellular morphogenesis; required for bud emergence; potential GAP for Rho4p
ypl115c YPL115C BEM3 Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP); involved in control of the cytoskeleton organization; targets the essential Rho-GTPase Cdc42p, which controls establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, including bud-site assembly
ypl161c YPL161C BEM4 Protein involved in establishment of cell polarity and bud emergence; interacts with the Rho1p small GTP-binding protein and with the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42p; involved in maintenance of proper telomere length
ylr412w YLR412W BER1 Protein involved in microtubule-related processes; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; YLR412W is not an essential gene; similar to Arabidopsis SRR1 gene
yjr053w YJR053W BFA1 Component of the GTPase-activating Bfa1p-Bub2p complex; involved in multiple cell cycle checkpoint pathways that control exit from mitosis
yor198c YOR198C BFR1 Component of mRNP complexes associated with polyribosomes; implicated in secretion and nuclear segregation; multicopy suppressor of BFA (Brefeldin A) sensitivity
ygr282c YGR282C BGL2 Endo-beta-1,3-glucanase; major protein of the cell wall, involved in cell wall maintenance
ycl029c YCL029C BIK1 Microtubule-associated protein; component of the interface between microtubules and kinetochore, involved in sister chromatid separation; essential in polyploid cells but not in haploid or diploid cells; ortholog of mammalian CLIP-170
yor304c-a YOR304C-A BIL1 Protein that binds Bud6p and has a role in actin cable assembly; involved in the Bnr1p-dependent pathway of cable assembly; localizes to bud tip and bud neck
yer016w YER016W BIM1 Microtubule plus end-tracking protein; together with Kar9p makes up the cortical microtubule capture site and delays the exit from mitosis when the spindle is oriented abnormally
ygr286c YGR286C BIO2 Biotin synthase; catalyzes the conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin, which is the last step of the biotin biosynthesis pathway; complements E. coli bioB mutant
ynr058w YNR058W BIO3 7,8-diamino-pelargonic acid aminotransferase (DAPA); catalyzes the second step in the biotin biosynthesis pathway; BIO3 is in a cluster of 3 genes (BIO3, BIO4, and BIO5) that mediate biotin synthesis
ynr057c YNR057C BIO4 Dethiobiotin synthetase; catalyzes the third step in the biotin biosynthesis pathway; BIO4 is in a cluster of 3 genes (BIO3, BIO4, and BIO5) that mediate biotin synthesis; expression appears to be repressed at low iron levels
ynr056c YNR056C BIO5 Putative transmembrane protein involved in the biotin biosynthesis; responsible for uptake of 7-keto 8-aminopelargonic acid; BIO5 is in a cluster of 3 genes (BIO3, BIO4, and BIO5) that mediate biotin synthesis
ybr270c YBR270C BIT2 Subunit of TORC2 membrane-associated complex; involved in regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics during polarized growth and cell wall integrity; interacts with Slm1p and Slm2p, homologous PH domain-containing TORC2 substrates; BIT2 has a paralog, BIT61, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl058c YJL058C BIT61 Subunit of TORC2 membrane-associated complex; involved in regulation of cell cycle-dependent actin cytoskeletal dynamics during polarized growth and cell wall integrity; BIT61 has a paralog, BIT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl061w YKL061W BLI1 Subunit of the BLOC-1 complex involved in endosomal maturation; interacts with Msb3p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endosome
ylr408c YLR408C BLS1 Subunit of the BLOC-1 complex involved in endosomal maturation; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endosome; YLR408C is not an essential gene
yer177w YER177W BMH1 14-3-3 protein, major isoform; controls proteome at post-transcriptional level, binds proteins and DNA, involved in regulation of exocytosis, vesicle transport, Ras/MAPK signaling, aggresome formation and rapamycin-sensitive signaling; protein increases in abundance and relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; antiapoptotic gene that has a functional 14-3-3 human ortholog; BMH1 has a paralog, BMH2, that arose from whole genome duplication
ydr099w YDR099W BMH2 14-3-3 protein, minor isoform; controls proteome at post-transcriptional level, binds proteins and DNA, involved in regulation of many processes including exocytosis, vesicle transport, Ras/MAPK signaling, and rapamycin-sensitive signaling; protein increases in abundance and relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; BMH2 has a paralog, BMH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr141c YBR141C BMT2 Nucleolar S-adenosylmethionine-dependent rRNA methyltransferase; methylates adenine (m1A) of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA at position 2142; belongs to Rossmann fold superfamily; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleolus; YBR141C is not an essential gene
yil096c YIL096C BMT5 Methyltransferase required for m3U2634 methylation of the 25S rRNA; S-adenosylmethionine-dependent; associates with precursors of the 60S ribosomal subunit; predicted to be involved in ribosome biogenesis
ylr063w YLR063W BMT6 Methyltransferase required for m3U2843 methylation of the 25S rRNA; S-adenosylmethionine-dependent; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YLR063W is not an essential gene
yjr025c YJR025C BNA1 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid dioxygenase; required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression regulated by Hst1p
yjr078w YJR078W BNA2 Putative tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; required for de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; interacts genetically with telomere capping gene CDC13; regulated by Hst1p and Aftp
yjl060w YJL060W BNA3 Kynurenine aminotransferase; catalyzes formation of kynurenic acid from kynurenine; potential Cdc28p substrate
ybl098w YBL098W BNA4 Kynurenine 3-mono oxygenase; required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression regulated by Hst1p; putative therapeutic target for Huntington disease
ylr231c YLR231C BNA5 Kynureninase; required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression regulated by Hst1p
yfr047c YFR047C BNA6 Quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase; required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression regulated by Hst1p
ydr428c YDR428C BNA7 Formylkynurenine formamidase; involved in the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine
ynl271c YNL271C BNI1 Formin; polarisome component; nucleates the formation of linear actin filaments, involved in cell processes such as budding and mitotic spindle orientation which require the formation of polarized actin cables, functionally redundant with BNR1
ynl233w YNL233W BNI4 Targeting subunit for Glc7p protein phosphatase; localized to the bud neck, required for localization of chitin synthase III to the bud neck via interaction with the chitin synthase III regulatory subunit Skt5p
ynl166c YNL166C BNI5 Protein involved in organization of septins at the mother-bud neck; may interact directly with the Cdc11p septin, localizes to bud neck in a septin-dependent manner
yil159w YIL159W BNR1 Formin; nucleates the formation of linear actin filaments, involved in cell processes such as budding and mitotic spindle orientation which require the formation of polarized actin cables, functionally redundant with BNI1
ygr230w YGR230W BNS1 Protein of unknown function; overexpression bypasses need for Spo12p, but not required for meiosis; BNS1 has a paralog, SPO12, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl085w YBL085W BOI1 Protein implicated in polar growth; functionally redundant with Boi2p; interacts with bud-emergence protein Bem1p; contains an SH3 (src homology 3) domain and a PH (pleckstrin homology) domain; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; BOI1 has a paralog, BOI2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer114c YER114C BOI2 Protein implicated in polar growth, functionally redundant with Boi1p; interacts with bud-emergence protein Bem1p; contains an SH3 (src homology 3) domain and a PH (pleckstrin homology) domain; BOI2 has a paralog, BOI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr267w YLR267W BOP2 Protein of unknown function
ynl275w YNL275W BOR1 Boron efflux transporter of the plasma membrane; binds HCO3-, I-, Br-, NO3- and Cl-; has similarity to the characterized boron efflux transporter A. thaliana BOR1
ycr032w YCR032W BPH1 Protein homologous to Chediak-Higashi syndrome and Beige proteins; both of which are implicated in disease syndromes in human and mouse, respectively, due to defective lysosomal trafficking; mutant phenotype and genetic interactions suggest a role in protein sorting
yll015w YLL015W BPT1 ABC type transmembrane transporter of MRP/CFTR family; found in vacuolar membrane, involved in the transport of unconjugated bilirubin and in heavy metal detoxification via glutathione conjugates, along with Ycf1p
ydl074c YDL074C BRE1 E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to monoubiquinate histone H2B-K123, which is required for the subsequent methylation of histone H3-K4 and H3-K79; required for DSBR, transcription, silencing, and checkpoint control; interacts with RNA-binding protein Npl3p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; Bre1p-dependent histone ubiquitination promotes pre-mRNA splicing
ylr015w YLR015W BRE2 Subunit of COMPASS (Set1C) complex; COMPASS methylates Lys4 of histone H3 and functions in silencing at telomeres; has a C-terminal Sdc1 Dpy-30 Interaction (SDI) domain that mediates binding to Sdc1p; similar to trithorax-group protein ASH2L
ydl231c YDL231C BRE4 Zinc finger protein containing five transmembrane domains; null mutant exhibits strongly fragmented vacuoles and sensitivity to brefeldin A, a drug which is known to affect intracellular transport
ynr051c YNR051C BRE5 Ubiquitin protease cofactor; forms deubiquitination complex with Ubp3p that coregulates anterograde and retrograde transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartments; null is sensitive to brefeldin A
ypl084w YPL084W BRO1 Cytoplasmic class E vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) factor; coordinates deubiquitination in the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway by recruiting Doa4p to endosomes
ygl007w YGL007W BRP1 Dubious ORF located in the upstream region of PMA1; deletion leads to polyamine resistance due to downregulation of PMA1
ypr057w YPR057W BRR1 snRNP protein component of spliceosomal snRNPs; required for pre-mRNA splicing and snRNP biogenesis; in null mutant newly-synthesized snRNAs are destabilized and 3'-end processing is slowed
ydl037c YDL037C BSC1 Protein of unconfirmed function; similar to cell surface flocculin Flo11p; ORF exhibits genomic organization compatible with a translational readthrough-dependent mode of expression
ydr275w YDR275W BSC2 Protein of unknown function; ORF exhibits genomic organization compatible with a translational readthrough-dependent mode of expression; BSC2 has a paralog, IRC23, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl269w YNL269W BSC4 Protein of unknown function; ORF exhibits genomic organization compatible with a translational readthrough-dependent mode of expression; readthrough is increased upon depletion of Sup35p
ynr069c YNR069C BSC5 Protein of unknown function; shows homology with N-terminal end of Bul1p; ORF exhibits genomic organization compatible with a translational readthrough-dependent mode of expression; readthrough expression includes YNR068C and the locus for this readthrough is termed BUL3; Bul3p is involved in ubiquitin-mediated sorting of plasma membrane proteins; readthrough and shortened forms of Bul3p interact with Rsp5p differently in vitro
yol137w YOL137W BSC6 Protein of unknown function with 8 putative transmembrane segments; ORF exhibits genomic organization compatible with a translational readthrough-dependent mode of expression
ybr290w YBR290W BSD2 Heavy metal ion homeostasis protein; facilitates trafficking of Smf1p and Smf2p metal transporters to the vacuole where they are degraded, controls metal ion transport, prevents metal hyperaccumulation, functions in copper detoxification
ypr171w YPR171W BSP1 Adapter that links synaptojanins to the cortical actin cytoskeleton; the synaptojanins are Inp52p and Inp53p
yfl025c YFL025C BST1 GPI inositol deacylase of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); negatively regulates COPII vesicle formation; prevents production of vesicles with defective subunits; required for proper discrimination between resident ER proteins and Golgi-bound cargo molecules
ygr142w YGR142W BTN2 v-SNARE binding protein; facilitates specific protein retrieval from a late endosome to the Golgi; modulates arginine uptake, possible role in mediating pH homeostasis between the vacuole and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase; BTN2 has a paralog, CUR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl069c YPL069C BTS1 Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; increases the intracellular pool of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, suppressor of bet2 mutation that causes defective geranylgeranylation of small GTP-binding proteins that mediate vesicular traffic
ydr252w YDR252W BTT1 Heterotrimeric nascent polypeptide-associated complex beta3 subunit; complex binds ribosomes via its beta-subunits in close proximity to nascent polypeptides; interacts with Caf130p of the CCR4-NOT complex; similar to human BTF3; BTT1 has a paralog, EGD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr188c YGR188C BUB1 Protein kinase involved in the cell cycle checkpoint into anaphase; forms complex with Mad1p and Bub3p crucial to preventing cell cycle progression into anaphase in presence of spindle damage; CDC28-mediated phosphorylation at Bub1p-T566 is important for degradation in anaphase and adaptation of checkpoint to prolonged mitotic arrest; associates with centromere DNA via Skp1p; BUB1 has a paralog, MAD3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr055c YMR055C BUB2 Mitotic exit network regulator; forms GTPase-activating Bfa1p-Bub2p complex that binds Tem1p and spindle pole bodies, blocks cell cycle progression before anaphase in response to spindle and kinetochore damage
yor026w YOR026W BUB3 Kinetochore checkpoint WD40 repeat protein; localizes to kinetochores during prophase and metaphase, delays anaphase in the presence of unattached kinetochores; forms complexes with Mad1p-Bub1p and with Cdc20p, binds Mad2p and Mad3p
ygl174w YGL174W BUD13 Subunit of the RES complex; RES complex is required for nuclear pre-mRNA retention and splicing; involved in bud-site selection; diploid mutants display a unipolar budding pattern instead of the wild-type bipolar pattern due to a specific defect in MATa1 pre-mRNA splicing which leads to haploid gene expression in diploids
yar014c YAR014C BUD14 Protein involved in bud-site selection; Bud14p-Glc7p complex is a cortical regulator of dynein; inhibitor of the actin assembly factor Bnr1p (formin); diploid mutants display a random budding pattern instead of the wild-type bipolar pattern; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yel029c YEL029C BUD16 Putative pyridoxal kinase; a key enzyme involved in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthesis, the active form of vitamin B6; required for genome integrity; involved in bud-site selection; similarity to yeast BUD17 and human pyridoxal kinase (PDXK)
ynr027w YNR027W BUD17 Putative pyridoxal kinase; a key enzyme in vitamin B6 metabolism; involved in bud-site selection; diploid mutants display a random rather than a bipolar budding pattern; similarity to yeast BUD16 and human pyridoxal kinase (PDXK)
yjl188c YJL188C BUD19 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 88% of ORF overlaps the verified gene RPL39; diploid mutant displays a weak budding pattern phenotype in a systematic assay
ykl092c YKL092C BUD2 GTPase activating factor for Rsr1p/Bud1p; plays a role in spindle position checkpoint distinct from its role in bud site selection; required for both axial and bipolar budding patterns; mutants exhibit random budding in all cell types
ylr074c YLR074C BUD20 C2H2-type zinc finger protein required for ribosome assembly; shuttling factor which associates with pre-60S particles in the nucleus, accompanying them to the cytoplasm; cytoplasmic dissociation of Bud20p requires Drg1p; N-terminus harbors a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES); cytoplasmic Bud20p is reimported by Kap123-dependent pathway; involved in bud-site selection; diploid mutants display a random budding pattern; similar to human ZNF593
yor078w YOR078W BUD21 Component of small ribosomal subunit (SSU) processosome; this complex contains U3 snoRNA; required at post-transcriptional step for efficient retrotransposition; absence results in decreased Ty1 Gag:GFP protein levels; originally isolated as bud-site selection mutant that displays a random budding pattern
ymr014w YMR014W BUD22 Protein required for rRNA maturation and ribosomal subunit biogenesis; required for 18S rRNA maturation; also required for small ribosomal subunit biogenesis; cosediments with pre-ribosomal particles; mutation decreases efficiency of +1 Ty1 frameshifting and transposition, and affects budding pattern
ycr047c YCR047C BUD23 Methyltransferase; methylates residue G1575 of 18S rRNA; required for rRNA processing and nuclear export of 40S ribosomal subunits independently of methylation activity; diploid mutant displays random budding pattern
yer014c-a YER014C-A BUD25 Protein involved in bud-site selection; diploid mutants display a random budding pattern instead of the wild-type bipolar pattern
ydr241w YDR241W BUD26 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 1% of ORF overlaps the verified gene SNU56; diploid mutant displays a weak budding pattern phenotype in a systematic assay
yfl023w YFL023W BUD27 Unconventional prefoldin protein involved in translation initiation; required for correct assembly of RNAP I, II, and III in an Rpb5p-dependent manner; shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm; mutants have inappropriate expression of nutrient sensitive genes due to translational derepression of Gcn4p transcription factor; diploid mutants show random budding; ortholog of human URI/RMP
ylr062c YLR062C BUD28 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 98% of ORF overlaps the verified gene RPL22A; diploid mutant displays a weak budding pattern phenotype in a systematic assay
ydl151c YDL151C BUD30 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 96% of ORF overlaps the verified gene RPC53; diploid mutant displays a weak budding pattern phenotype in a systematic assay
ycr063w YCR063W BUD31 Component of the SF3b subcomplex of the U2 snRNP; increases efficiency of first and second step pre-mRNA splicing; diploid mutants display a random budding pattern instead of the wild-type bipolar pattern; facilitates passage through G1/S Start, but is not required for G2/M transition or exit from mitosis
ygr262c YGR262C BUD32 Protein kinase; component of the EKC/KEOPS complex with Kae1p, Cgi121p, Pcc1p, and Gon7p; EKC/KEOPS complex is required for t6A tRNA modification and may have roles in telomere maintenance and transcription
yjr092w YJR092W BUD4 Anillin-like protein involved in bud-site selection; required for the axial budding pattern; localizes with septins to the bud neck in mitosis and may constitute an axial landmark for the next round of budding; required for the formation and disassembly of the double septin ring structure, and generally for septin organization; in vivo substrate of Cdc28p/Clb2p
ylr319c YLR319C BUD6 Actin- and formin-interacting protein; participates in actin cable assembly and organization as a nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) for formins Bni1p and Bnr1p; a triple helical coiled-coil domain in the C-terminal region interacts with Bni1p; involved in polarized cell growth; isolated as bipolar budding mutant; potential Cdc28p substrate
yor299w YOR299W BUD7 Member of the ChAPs family (Chs5p-Arf1p-binding proteins); members include Bch1p, Bch2p, Bud7p, and Chs6p; ChAPs family proteins form the exomer complex with Chs5p to mediate export of specific cargo proteins, including Chs3p, from the Golgi to the plasma membrane; BUD7 has a paralog, BCH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr353w YLR353W BUD8 Protein involved in bud-site selection; diploid mutants display a unipolar budding pattern instead of the wild-type bipolar pattern, and bud at the proximal pole; BUD8 has a paralog, BUD9, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr041w YGR041W BUD9 Protein involved in bud-site selection; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; diploid mutants display a unipolar budding pattern instead of the wild-type bipolar pattern, and bud at the distal pole; BUD9 has a paralog, BUD8, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl099w YDL099W BUG1 Cis-golgi localized protein involved in ER to Golgi transport; forms a complex with the mammalian GRASP65 homolog, Grh1p; mutants are compromised for the fusion of ER-derived vesicles with Golgi membranes
ymr275c YMR275C BUL1 Ubiquitin-binding component of the Rsp5p E3-ubiquitin ligase complex; disruption causes temperature-sensitive growth, overexpression causes missorting of amino acid permeases; BUL1 has a paralog, BUL2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml111w YML111W BUL2 Component of the Rsp5p E3-ubiquitin ligase complex; involved in intracellular amino acid permease sorting, functions in heat shock element mediated gene expression, essential for growth in stress conditions; BUL2 has a paralog, BUL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr226w YLR226W BUR2 Cyclin for the Sgv1p (Bur1p) protein kinase; Sgv1p and Bur2p comprise a CDK-cyclin complex involved in transcriptional regulation through its phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II
ynl305c YNL305C BXI1 Protein involved in apoptosis; variously described as containing a BCL-2 homology (BH3) domain or as a member of the BAX inhibitor family; reported to promote apoptosis under some conditions and to inhibit it in others; localizes to ER and vacuole; may link the unfolded protein response to apoptosis via regulation of calcium-mediated signaling; translocates to mitochondria under apoptosis-inducing conditions in a process involving Mir1p and Cor1p
ykl005c YKL005C BYE1 Negative regulator of transcription elongation; contains a TFIIS-like domain and a PHD finger, multicopy suppressor of temperature-sensitive ess1 mutations, probably binds RNA polymerase II large subunit
yhr114w YHR114W BZZ1 SH3 domain protein implicated in regulating actin polymerization; able to recruit actin polymerization machinery through its SH3 domains; colocalizes with cortical actin patches and Las17p; interacts with type I myosins
yml102w YML102W CAC2 Subunit of chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-1), with Rlf2p and Msi1p; chromatin assembly by CAF-1 is important for multiple processes including silencing at telomeres, mating type loci, and rDNA; maintenance of kinetochore structure, deactivation of the DNA damage checkpoint after DNA repair, and chromatin dynamics during transcription; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ydr423c YDR423C CAD1 AP-1-like basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcriptional activator; involved in stress responses, iron metabolism, and pleiotropic drug resistance; controls a set of genes involved in stabilizing proteins; binds consensus sequence TTACTAA; CAD1 has a paralog, YAP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl278w YNL278W CAF120 Part of the CCR4-NOT transcriptional regulatory complex; involved in controlling mRNA initiation, elongation, and degradation; CAF120 has a paralog, SKG3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr134w YGR134W CAF130 Subunit of the CCR4-NOT transcriptional regulatory complex; CCR4-NOT complex is evolutionarily-conserved and involved in controlling mRNA initiation, elongation, and degradation
yfl028c YFL028C CAF16 Part of evolutionarily-conserved CCR4-NOT regulatory complex; contains single ABC-type ATPase domain but no transmembrane domain; interacts with several subunits of Mediator
yor276w YOR276W CAF20 Phosphoprotein of the mRNA cap-binding complex; involved in translational control; repressor of cap-dependent translation initiation; competes with eIF4G for binding to eIF4E
ykr036c YKR036C CAF4 WD40 repeat-containing protein associated with the CCR4-NOT complex; interacts in a Ccr4p-dependent manner with Ssn2p; also interacts with Fis1p, Mdv1p and Dnm1p and plays a role in mitochondrial fission; CAF4 has a paralog, MDV1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl288w YNL288W CAF40 Component of the CCR4-NOT transcriptional complex; evolutionarily conserved; involved in controlling mRNA initiation, elongation, and degradation; binds Cdc39p
yer048c YER048C CAJ1 Nuclear type II J heat shock protein of the E. coli dnaJ family; contains a leucine zipper-like motif, binds to non-native substrates for presentation to Ssa3p, may function during protein translocation, assembly and disassembly
ypl048w YPL048W CAM1 Nuclear protein required for transcription of MXR1; binds the MXR1 promoter in the presence of other nuclear factors; binds calcium and phospholipids; has similarity to translational cofactor EF-1 gamma
yel063c YEL063C CAN1 Plasma membrane arginine permease; requires phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) for localization, exclusively associated with lipid rafts; mutation confers canavanine resistance; CAN1 has a paralog, ALP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl007w YKL007W CAP1 Alpha subunit of the capping protein heterodimer (Cap1p and Cap2p); capping protein (CP) binds to the barbed ends of actin filaments preventing further polymerization; localized predominantly to cortical actin patches; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from bud neck to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress
yil034c YIL034C CAP2 Beta subunit of the capping protein heterodimer (Cap1p and Cap2p); capping protein (CP) binds to the barbed ends of actin filaments preventing further polymerization; localized predominantly to cortical actin patches; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from bud neck to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress
ypl111w YPL111W CAR1 Arginase; responsible for arginine degradation, expression responds to both induction by arginine and nitrogen catabolite repression; disruption enhances freeze tolerance
ylr438w YLR438W CAR2 L-ornithine transaminase (OTAse); catalyzes the second step of arginine degradation, expression is dually-regulated by allophanate induction and a specific arginine induction process; not nitrogen catabolite repression sensitive; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yml042w YML042W CAT2 Carnitine acetyl-CoA transferase; present in both mitochondria and peroxisomes; transfers activated acetyl groups to carnitine to form acetylcarnitine which can be shuttled across membranes
yor125c YOR125C CAT5 Protein required for ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) biosynthesis; localizes to the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane in a large complex with ubiquinone biosynthetic enzymes; required for gluconeogenic gene activation
ymr280c YMR280C CAT8 Zinc cluster transcriptional activator; necessary for derepression of a variety of genes under non-fermentative growth conditions, active after diauxic shift, binds carbon source responsive elements; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ygr036c YGR036C CAX4 Dolichyl pyrophosphate (Dol-P-P) phosphatase; has a luminally oriented active site in the ER; cleaves the anhydride linkage in Dol-P-P; required for Dol-P-P-linked oligosaccharide intermediate synthesis and protein N-glycosylation
ypl178w YPL178W CBC2 Small subunit of the heterodimeric cap binding complex with Sto1p; interacts with Npl3p, possibly to package mRNA for export from the nucleus; may have a role in telomere maintenance; contains an RNA-binding motif
yjr060w YJR060W CBF1 Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein; forms homodimer to bind E-box consensus sequence CACGTG present at MET gene promoters and centromere DNA element I (CDEI); affects nucleosome positioning at this motif; associates with other transcription factors such as Met4p and Isw1p to mediate transcriptional activation or repression; associates with kinetochore proteins, required for chromosome segregation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yjl209w YJL209W CBP1 Mitochondrial protein, regulator of COB mRNA stability and translation; interacts with the 5'-untranslated region of the COB mRNA; found in a complex at the inner membrane along with Pet309p; localizes to mitochondrial foci upon DNA replication stress
yhl038c YHL038C CBP2 Required for splicing of the group I intron bI5 of the COB pre-mRNA; nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein that binds to the RNA to promote splicing; also involved in but not essential for splicing of the COB bI2 intron and the intron in the 21S rRNA gene
ypl215w YPL215W CBP3 Mitochondrial protein required for assembly of cytochrome bc1 complex; forms a complex with Cbp6p that binds to mt ribosomes near the polypeptide tunnel exit and promotes efficient translation of the COB mRNA; Cbp3p-Cbp6p complex also interacts with newly synthesized cytochrome b (Cobp) and Cbp4p to promote assembly of Cobp into the cytochrome bc1 complex; Cbp3p-Cbp6p complex is sequestered if assembly of Complex III is blocked, downregulating COB mRNA translation
ygr174c YGR174C CBP4 Mitochondrial protein required for assembly of cytochrome bc1 complex; interacts with the Cbp3p-Cbp6p complex and newly synthesized cytochrome b (Cobp) to promote assembly of Cobp into the cytochrome bc1 complex
ybr120c YBR120C CBP6 Mitochondrial protein required for translation of the COB mRNA; forms a complex with Cbp3p that binds to mt ribosomes near the polypeptide tunnel exit and promotes efficient translation of the COB mRNA; Cbp3p-Cbp6p complex also interacts with newly synthesized cytochrome b (Cobp) and Cbp4p to promote assembly of Cobp into the cytochrome bc1 complex; Cbp3p-Cbp6p complex is sequestered if assembly of Complex III is blocked, downregulating COB mRNA translation
yil043c YIL043C CBR1 Microsomal cytochrome b reductase; not essential for viability; also detected in mitochondria; mutation in conserved NADH binding domain of the human ortholog results in type I methemoglobinemia
ydl069c YDL069C CBS1 Mitochondrial translational activator of the COB mRNA; membrane protein that interacts with translating ribosomes, acts on the COB mRNA 5'-untranslated leader
ydr197w YDR197W CBS2 Mitochondrial translational activator of the COB mRNA; interacts with translating ribosomes, acts on the COB mRNA 5'-untranslated leader
ykl208w YKL208W CBT1 Protein involved in 5' RNA end processing; substrates include mitochondrial COB, 15S_rRNA, and RPM1 transcripts; may also have a role in 3' end processing of the COB pre-mRNA; displays genetic interaction with cell cycle-regulated kinase Dbf2p
ylr220w YLR220W CCC1 Putative vacuolar Fe2+/Mn2+ transporter; suppresses respiratory deficit of yfh1 mutants, which lack the ortholog of mammalian frataxin, by preventing mitochondrial iron accumulation; relative distribution to the vacuole decreases upon DNA replication stress
ydr270w YDR270W CCC2 Cu(+2)-transporting P-type ATPase; required for export of copper from the cytosol into an extracytosolic compartment; has similarity to human proteins involved in Menkes and Wilsons diseases; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; affects TBSV model (+)RNA virus replication by regulating copper metabolism
ykl011c YKL011C CCE1 Mitochondrial cruciform cutting endonuclease; cleaves Holliday junctions formed during recombination of mitochondrial DNA; CCE1 has a paralog, MRS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr217w YGR217W CCH1 Voltage-gated high-affinity calcium channel; involved in calcium influx in response to some environmental stresses as well as exposure to mating pheromones; interacts and co-localizes with Mid1p, suggesting Cch1p and Mid1p function together
ygr150c YGR150C CCM1 Mitochondrial 15S rRNA-binding protein; required for intron removal of COB and COX1 pre-mRNAs; has separable roles in stabilizing mitochondrial 15S rRNA and in maturation of the COB and COX1 mRNAs; contains pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs; mutant is respiratory deficient and has defective plasma membrane electron transport
ykr066c YKR066C CCP1 Mitochondrial cytochrome-c peroxidase; degrades reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, involved in the response to oxidative stress
yal021c YAL021C CCR4 Component of the CCR4-NOT transcriptional complex; CCR4-NOT is involved in regulation of gene expression; component of the major cytoplasmic deadenylase, which is involved in mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
ymr038c YMR038C CCS1 Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Sod1p; involved in oxidative stress protection; Met-X-Cys-X2-Cys motif within the N-terminal portion is involved in insertion of copper into Sod1p under conditions of copper deprivation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr110c YLR110C CCW12 Cell wall mannoprotein; plays a role in maintenance of newly synthesized areas of cell wall; localizes to periphery of small buds, septum region of larger buds, and shmoo tip; CCW12 has a paralog, YDR134C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr391w YLR390W-A CCW14 Covalently linked cell wall glycoprotein; present in the inner layer of the cell wall
ybr131w YBR131W CCZ1 Protein involved in vacuolar assembly; essential for autophagy and the cytoplasm-to-vacuole pathway
ylr307w YLR307W CDA1 Chitin deacetylase; together with Cda2p involved in the biosynthesis ascospore wall component, chitosan; required for proper rigidity of the ascospore wall
ylr308w YLR308W CDA2 Chitin deacetylase; together with Cda1p involved in the biosynthesis ascospore wall component, chitosan; required for proper rigidity of the ascospore wall
ycr002c YCR002C CDC10 Component of the septin ring, required for cytokinesis; septins are GTP-binding proteins that assemble into rod-like hetero-oligomers that can associate to form filaments; septin rings at the mother-bud neck act as scaffolds for recruiting cell division factors and as barriers to prevent diffusion of specific proteins between mother and daughter cells; N-terminus interacts with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; protein abundance increases under DNA damage stress
yfr036w YFR036W CDC26 Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); which is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for degradation of anaphase inhibitors, including mitotic cyclins, during the metaphase/anaphase transition; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ydr364c YDR364C CDC40 Pre-mRNA splicing factor; important for catalytic step II of pre-mRNA splicing and plays a role in cell cycle progression; required for DNA synthesis during mitosis and meiosis; has WD repeats
ycr094w YCR094W CDC50 Endosomal protein that interacts with phospholipid flippase Drs2p; interaction with Cdc50p is essential for Drs2p catalytic activity; mutations affect cell polarity and polarized growth; similar to Lem3p; CDC50 has a paralog, YNR048W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr418c YLR418C CDC73 Component of the Paf1p complex; binds to and modulates the activity of RNA polymerases I and II; required for expression of certain genes, modification of some histones, and telomere maintenance; involved in transcription elongation as demonstrated by the G-less-based run-on (GLRO) assay; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; human homologue, parafibromin, is a tumour suppressor linked to breast, renal and gastric cancers
ygl003c YGL003C CDH1 Activator of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C); cell-cycle regulated; directs ubiquitination of cyclins resulting in mitotic exit; targets the APC/C to specific substrates including Cdc20p, Ase1p, Cin8p and Fin1p
yer061c YER061C CEM1 Mitochondrial beta-keto-acyl synthase; possible role in fatty acid synthesis; required for mitochondrial respiration
yor112w YOR112W CEX1 Component of nuclear aminoacylation-dependent tRNA export pathway; cytoplasmic; interacts with nuclear pore component Nup116p; copurifies with tRNA export receptors Los1p and Msn5p, as well as eIF-1a; required for activation of RAN GTPase Gsp1p and dissociation of receptor-tRNA-Gsp1p export complex; recruits Rna1p from cytoplasm to NPC, facilitates Rna1p activation of Gsp1p GTPase activity by enabling Rna1p to gain access to Gsp1p-GTP bound to export receptor tRNA complex
yml036w YML036W CGI121 Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex; EKC/KEOPS complex is required for t6A tRNA modification and may have roles in telomere maintenance and transcription; Cgi121p is dispensable for tRNA modification; other complex members are Bud32p, Kae1p, Pcc1p, and Gon7p
ygl029w YGL029W CGR1 Protein involved in nucleolar integrity and processing of pre-rRNA; has a role in processing rRNA for the 60S ribosome subunit; transcript is induced in response to cytotoxic stress but not genotoxic stress; relocalizes from nucleus to nucleolus upon DNA replication stress
ycl064c YCL064C CHA1 Catabolic L-serine (L-threonine) deaminase; catalyzes the degradation of both L-serine and L-threonine; required to use serine or threonine as the sole nitrogen source, transcriptionally induced by serine and threonine
ylr098c YLR098C CHA4 DNA binding transcriptional activator; mediates serine/threonine activation of the catabolic L-serine (L-threonine) deaminase (CHA1); Zinc-finger protein with Zn[2]-Cys[6] fungal-type binuclear cluster domain
ygl206c YGL206C CHC1 Clathrin heavy chain; subunit of the major coat protein involved in intracellular protein transport and endocytosis; the clathrin triskelion is a trimeric molecule composed of three heavy chains that radiate from a vertex and three light chains which bind noncovalently near the vertex of the triskelion; the light chain (CLC1) is thought to regulate function
yer164w YER164W CHD1 Chromatin remodeler that regulates various aspects of transcription; acts in in conjunction with Isw1b to regulate chromatin structure and maintain chromatin integrity during transcription elongation by RNAP II by preventing trans-histone exchange over coding regions; contains a chromo domain, a helicase domain and a DNA-binding domain; component of both the SAGA and SLIK complexes
ybr274w YBR274W CHK1 Serine/threonine kinase and DNA damage checkpoint effector; mediates cell cycle arrest via phosphorylation of Pds1p; phosphorylated by checkpoint signal transducer Mec1p; homolog of S. pombe and mammalian Chk1 checkpoint kinase
ypl008w YPL008W CHL1 Probable DNA helicase; involved in sister-chromatid cohesion and genome integrity and interstrand cross-link repair; interacts with ECO1 and CTF18; mutants are defective in silencing, rDNA recombination, aging and the heat shock response; FANCJ-like helicase family member; mutations in the human homolog, DDX11/ChLR1, cause Warsaw breakage syndrome
ydr254w YDR254W CHL4 Outer kinetochore protein required for chromosome stability; involved in new kinetochore assembly and sister chromatid cohesion; peripheral component of the Ctf19 kinetochore complex that interacts with Ctf19p, Ctf3p, Iml3p and Mif2p; required for the spindle assembly checkpoint; orthologous to human centromere constitutive-associated network (CCAN) subunit CENP-N and fission yeast mis15
ygr157w YGR157W CHO2 Phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PEMT); catalyzes the first step in the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine during the methylation pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis
ynl192w YNL192W CHS1 Chitin synthase I; requires activation from zymogenic form in order to catalyze the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to chitin; required for repairing the chitin septum during cytokinesis; transcription activated by mating factor
ybr023c YBR023C CHS3 Chitin synthase III; catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to chitin; required for synthesis of the majority of cell wall chitin, the chitin ring during bud emergence, and spore wall chitosan; contains overlapping di-leucine and di-acidic signals that mediate, respectively, intracellular trafficking by AP-1 and trafficking to plasma membrane by exomer complex; requires AP-3 complex for its intracellular retention
ylr330w YLR330W CHS5 Component of the exomer complex; exomer also contains Csh6p, Bch1p, Bch2p, and Bud7p and is involved in export of selected proteins, such as chitin synthase Chs3p, from the Golgi to the plasma membrane; Chs5p is the only protein with a BRCT domain that is not localized to the nucleus
yjl099w YJL099W CHS6 Member of the ChAPs (Chs5p-Arf1p-binding proteins) family; part of the exomer complex that mediates export of specific cargo proteins, including Chs3p, from the Golgi to the plasma membrane; primary component of the Chs5/6 complex that binds directly to membranes; CHS6 has a paralog, BCH2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr142w YHR142W CHS7 Protein of unknown function; may be involved in chitin biosynthesis by regulation of Chs3p export from the ER; relocalizes from bud neck to ER upon DNA replication stress
yer030w YER030W CHZ1 Histone chaperone for Htz1p/H2A-H2B dimer; required for the stabilization of the Chz1p-Htz1-H2B complex; has overlapping function with Nap1p; null mutant displays weak sensitivity to MMS and benomyl; contains a highly conserved CHZ motif; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr198w YMR198W CIK1 Kinesin-associated protein; required for both karyogamy and mitotic spindle organization, interacts stably and specifically with Kar3p and may function to target this kinesin to a specific cellular role; locus encodes a long and short transcript with differing functions; CIK1 has a paralog, VIK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor349w YOR349W CIN1 Tubulin folding factor D involved in beta-tubulin (Tub2p) folding; isolated as mutant with increased chromosome loss and sensitivity to benomyl
ypl241c YPL241C CIN2 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Cin4p; tubulin folding factor C involved in beta-tubulin (Tub2p) folding; mutants display increased chromosome loss and benomyl sensitivity; deletion complemented by human GAP, retinitis pigmentosa 2
ymr138w YMR138W CIN4 GTP-binding protein involved in beta-tubulin (Tub2p) folding; isolated as mutant with increased chromosome loss and sensitivity to benomyl; regulated by the GTPase-activating protein, Cin2p, the human retinitis pigmentosa 2 (RP2) homolog
yor028c YOR028C CIN5 Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor of the yAP-1 family; physically interacts with the Tup1-Cyc8 complex and recruits Tup1p to its targets; mediates pleiotropic drug resistance and salt tolerance; nuclearly localized under oxidative stress and sequestered in the cytoplasm by Lot6p under reducing conditions; CIN5 has a paralog, YAP6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel061c YEL061C CIN8 Kinesin motor protein; involved in mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation
ygr207c YGR207C CIR1 Mitochondrial protein that interacts with frataxin (Yfh1p); putative ortholog of mammalian electron transfer flavoprotein complex subunit ETF-beta; may have a role in oxidative stress response
yor356w YOR356W CIR2 Putative ortholog of human ETF-dH; found in a large supramolecular complex with other mitochondrial dehydrogenases; may have a role in oxidative stress response; ETF-dH is also known as electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase
yjl158c YJL158C CIS3 Mannose-containing glycoprotein constituent of the cell wall; member of the PIR (proteins with internal repeats) family
ynr001c YNR001C CIT1 Citrate synthase; catalyzes the condensation of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate to form citrate; the rate-limiting enzyme of the TCA cycle; nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein; CIT1 has a paralog, CIT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr005c YCR005C CIT2 Citrate synthase; catalyzes the condensation of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate to form citrate, peroxisomal isozyme involved in glyoxylate cycle; expression is controlled by Rtg1p and Rtg2p transcription factors; CIT2 has a paralog, CIT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr001w YPR001W CIT3 Dual specificity mitochondrial citrate and methylcitrate synthase; catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate and that of propionyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form 2-methylcitrate
yil035c YIL035C CKA1 Alpha catalytic subunit of casein kinase 2 (CK2); a Ser/Thr protein kinase with roles in cell growth and proliferation; CK2, comprised of CKA1, CKA2, CKB1 and CKB2, has many substrates including transcription factors and all RNA polymerases; regulates Fkh1p-mediated donor preference during mating-type switching
yor061w YOR061W CKA2 Alpha' catalytic subunit of casein kinase 2 (CK2); CK2 is a Ser/Thr protein kinase with roles in cell growth and proliferation; CK2, comprised of CKA1, CKA2, CKB1 and CKB2, has many substrates including transcription factors and all RNA polymerases; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; regulates Fkh1p-mediated donor preference during mating-type switching
ygl019w YGL019W CKB1 Beta regulatory subunit of casein kinase 2 (CK2); a Ser/Thr protein kinase with roles in cell growth and proliferation; CK2, comprised of CKA1, CKA2, CKB1 and CKB2, has many substrates including transcription factors and all RNA polymerases
yor039w YOR039W CKB2 Beta' regulatory subunit of casein kinase 2 (CK2); a Ser/Thr protein kinase with roles in cell growth and proliferation; CK2, comprised of CKA1, CKA2, CKB1 and CKB2, has many substrates including transcription factors and all RNA polymerase
ylr133w YLR133W CKI1 Choline kinase; catalyzes the first step in phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the CDP-choline (Kennedy pathway); exhibits some ethanolamine kinase activity contributing to phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis via the CDP-ethanolamine pathway; CKI1 has a paralog, EKI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl298w YNL298W CLA4 Cdc42p-activated signal transducing kinase; member of the PAK (p21-activated kinase) family, along with Ste20p and Skm1p; involved in septin ring assembly, vacuole inheritance, cytokinesis, sterol uptake regulation; phosphorylates Cdc3p and Cdc10p; CLA4 has a paralog, SKM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr108w YGR108W CLB1 B-type cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p to promote the transition from G2 to M phase; accumulates during G2 and M, then targeted via a destruction box motif for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome; CLB1 has a paralog, CLB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr119w YPR119W CLB2 B-type cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p to promote the transition from G2 to M phase; accumulates during G2 and M, then targeted via a destruction box motif for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome; CLB2 has a paralog, CLB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl155w YDL155W CLB3 B-type cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p to promote the G2/M transition; may be involved in DNA replication and spindle assembly; accumulates during S phase and G2, then targeted for ubiquitin-mediated degradation; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; CLB3 has a paralog, CLB4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr210w YLR210W CLB4 B-type cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p to promote the G2/M transition; may be involved in DNA replication and spindle assembly; accumulates during S phase and G2, then targeted for ubiquitin-mediated degradation; CLB4 has a paralog, CLB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr120c YPR120C CLB5 B-type cyclin involved in DNA replication during S phase; activates Cdc28p to promote initiation of DNA synthesis; functions in formation of mitotic spindles along with Clb3p and Clb4p; most abundant during late G1 phase; CLB5 has a paralog, CLB6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr109c YGR109C CLB6 B-type cyclin involved in DNA replication during S phase; activates Cdc28p to promote initiation of DNA synthesis; functions in formation of mitotic spindles along with Clb3p and Clb4p; most abundant during late G1; CLB6 has a paralog, CLB5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr167w YGR167W CLC1 Clathrin light chain; subunit of the major coat protein involved in intracellular protein transport and endocytosis; regulates endocytic progression; thought to regulate clathrin function; the clathrin triskelion is a trimeric molecule composed of three heavy chains that radiate from a vertex and three light chains which bind noncovalently near the vertex of the triskelion
ygr110w YGR110W CLD1 Mitochondrial cardiolipin-specific phospholipase; functions upstream of Taz1p to generate monolyso-cardiolipin; transcription increases upon genotoxic stress; involved in restricting Ty1 transposition; has homology to mammalian CGI-58
ygl215w YGL215W CLG1 Cyclin-like protein that interacts with Pho85p; has sequence similarity to G1 cyclins PCL1 and PCL2
ymr199w YMR199W CLN1 G1 cyclin involved in regulation of the cell cycle; activates Cdc28p kinase to promote the G1 to S phase transition; late G1 specific expression depends on transcription factor complexes, MBF (Swi6p-Mbp1p) and SBF (Swi6p-Swi4p); CLN1 has a paralog, CLN2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl256c YPL256C CLN2 G1 cyclin involved in regulation of the cell cycle; activates Cdc28p kinase to promote the G1 to S phase transition; late G1 specific expression depends on transcription factor complexes, MBF (Swi6p-Mbp1p) and SBF (Swi6p-Swi4p); CLN2 has a paralog, CLN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal040c YAL040C CLN3 G1 cyclin involved in cell cycle progression; activates Cdc28p kinase to promote the G1 to S phase transition; plays a role in regulating transcription of the other G1 cyclins, CLN1 and CLN2; regulated by phosphorylation and proteolysis; acetly-CoA induces CLN3 transcription in response to nutrient repletion to promote cell-cycle entry.
ymr012w YMR012W CLU1 Subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3); component of unknown function; deletion causes defects in mitochondrial organization but not in growth or translation initiation; can rescue cytokinesis and mitochondrial organization defects of the Dictyostelium cluA- mutant
ykl137w YKL137W CMC1 Copper-binding protein of the mitochondrial intermembrane space; evolutionarily conserved; may be involved in delivering copper from the matrix to the cytochrome c oxidase complex; contains a twin CX9C motif
yfr014c YFR014C CMK1 Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; may play a role in stress response, many Ca++/calmodulin dependent phosphorylation substrates demonstrated in vitro, amino acid sequence similar to mammalian Cam Kinase II; CMK1 has a paralog, CMK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol016c YOL016C CMK2 Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; may play a role in stress response, many CA++/calmodulan dependent phosphorylation substrates demonstrated in vitro, amino acid sequence similar to mammalian Cam Kinase II; CMK2 has a paralog, CMK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml057w YML057W CMP2 Calcineurin A; one isoform (the other is Cna1p) of the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, a Ca++/calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase which regulates Crz1p (a stress-response transcription factor), the other calcineurin subunit is CNB1; regulates the function of Aly1p alpha-arrestin; CMP2 has a paralog, CNA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl156w YDL156W CMR1 DNA-binding protein with preference for UV-damaged DNA; protein sequence contains three WD domains (WD-40 repeat); green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; potential regulatory target of Mbp1p, which binds to the promoter region; co-localizes with Hos2p in nuclear foci in response to DNA damage by MMS
ypr013c YPR013C CMR3 Putative zinc finger protein; YPR013C is not an essential gene
ylr003c YLR003C CMS1 Putative subunit of the 90S preribosome processome complex; overexpression rescues supressor mutant of mcm10; null mutant is viable; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ylr433c YLR433C CNA1 Calcineurin A; one isoform (the other is Cmp2p) of the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, a Ca++/calmodulin-regulated protein phosphatase which regulates Crz1p (a stress-response transcription factor), the other calcineurin subunit is CNB1; regulates the function of Aly1p alpha-arrestin; CNA1 has a paralog, CMP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl190w YKL190W CNB1 Calcineurin B; regulatory subunit of calcineurin, a Ca++/calmodulin-regulated type 2B protein phosphatase which regulates Crz1p (stress-response transcription factor); other calcineurin subunit encoded by CNA1 and/or CMP1; regulates function of Aly1p alpha-arrestin; myristoylation by Nmt1p reduces calcineurin activity in response to submaximal Ca signals, is needed to prevent constitutive phosphatase activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yal058w YAL058W CNE1 Calnexin; integral membrane ER chaperone involved in folding and quality control of glycoproteins; chaperone activity is inhibited by Mpd1p, with which Cne1p interacts; 24% identical to mammalian calnexin; Ca+ binding not yet shown in yeast
ydr357c YDR357C CNL1 Subunit of the BLOC-1 complex involved in endosomal maturation; interacts with Msb3p; null mutant is sensitive to drug inducing secretion of vacuolar cargo; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ynl225c YNL225C CNM67 Component of the spindle pole body outer plaque; required for spindle orientation and mitotic nuclear migration; CNM67 has a paralog, ADY3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr046c YFR046C CNN1 Kinetochore protein; associated with the essential kinetochore proteins Nnf1p and Spc24p; phosphorylated by Clb5-Cdk1, Mps1p, Ipl1p and to a lesser extent by Clb2-Cdk1; localizes to the lower region of the Ndc80 complex during anaphase and regulates KMN activity by inhibiting the Mtw1 and Spc105 complexes from binding to the Ndc80 complex; similar to metazoan CENP-T
yil157c YIL157C COA1 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; required for assembly of the cytochrome c oxidase complex (complex IV); interacts with complex IV assembly factor Shy1p during the early stages of assembly
ylr218c YLR218C COA4 Twin Cx(9)C protein involved in cytochrome c oxidase organization; organization includes assembly or stability; localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space via the Mia40p-Erv1p system; interacts genetically with CYC1 and with cytochrome c oxidase assembly factors
ymr244c-a YMR244C-A COA6 Protein involved in cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) assembly; involved in delivery of copper to Complex IV; also required for efficient formation of respiratory supercomplexes comprised of Complexes III and IV; localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space; ortholog implicated in cardiac defects in zebrafish and human; transcription is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygl223c YGL223C COG1 Essential component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex; a cytosolic tethering complex (Cog1p through Cog8p) that functions in protein trafficking to mediate fusion of transport vesicles to Golgi compartments
ynl051w YNL051W COG5 Component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex; a cytosolic tethering complex (Cog1p through Cog8p) that functions in protein trafficking to mediate fusion of transport vesicles to Golgi compartments
ynl041c YNL041C COG6 Component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex; a cytosolic tethering complex (Cog1p through Cog8p) that functions in protein trafficking to mediate fusion of transport vesicles to Golgi compartments
ygl005c YGL005C COG7 Component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex; a cytosolic tethering complex (Cog1p through Cog8p) that functions in protein trafficking to mediate fusion of transport vesicles to Golgi compartments
yml071c YML071C COG8 Component of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex; a cytosolic tethering complex (Cog1p through Cog8p) that functions in protein trafficking to mediate fusion of transport vesicles to Golgi compartments
yer130c YER130C COM2 Transcription factor that binds IME1 Upstream Activation Signal (UAS)ru; COM2 transcription is regulated by Haa1p, Sok2p and Zap1p transcriptional activators; may bind the IME1 promoter under all growth conditions to negatively regulate its transcription in the absence of a positive regulator that binds more effectively; repressor activity may depend on phosphorylation by PKA; C. albicans homolog (MNL1) plays a role in adaptation to stress
ybr003w YBR003W COQ1 Hexaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase; catalyzes the first step in ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) biosynthesis
yol008w YOL008W COQ10 Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) binding protein; functions in the delivery of Q<sub>6</sub> to its proper location for electron transport during respiration; START domain protein with homologs in bacteria and eukaryotes
ynr041c YNR041C COQ2 Para hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl transferase; catalyzes the second step in ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) biosynthesis; human COQ2, mutations in which are implicated in an increased risk of mutiple-system atrophy, is able to complement a yeast coq2 null mutant
yol096c YOL096C COQ3 O-methyltransferase; catalyzes two different O-methylation steps in ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) biosynthesis; component of a mitochondrial ubiquinone-synthesizing complex; phosphoprotein
ydr204w YDR204W COQ4 Protein with a role in ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) biosynthesis; possibly functioning in stabilization of Coq7p; located on the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane; component of a mitochondrial ubiquinone-synthesizing complex
yml110c YML110C COQ5 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase; involved in ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) biosynthesis; localizes to the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane in a large complex with other ubiquinone biosynthetic enzymes
ygr255c YGR255C COQ6 Putative flavin-dependent monooxygenase; involved in ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) biosynthesis; localizes to the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane in a large complex with other ubiquinone biosynthetic enzymes; human COX6 can rescue a yeast cox6 mutant and is implicated in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS)
ylr201c YLR201C COQ9 Protein required for ubiquinone biosynthesis and respiratory growth; localizes to the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane in a large complex with ubiquinone biosynthetic enzymes; ubiquinone is also known as coenzyme Q
ybl045c YBL045C COR1 Core subunit of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex; the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (bc1 complex) is a component of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain
ynl336w YNL336W COS1 Protein of unknown function; member of the DUP380 subfamily of conserved, often subtelomerically-encoded proteins
ynr075w YNR075W COS10 Protein of unknown function; member of the DUP380 subfamily of conserved, often subtelomerically-encoded proteins
ybr203w YBR203W COS111 Protein required for antifungal drug ciclopirox olamine resistance; not related to the subtelomerically-encoded COS family; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygl263w YGL263W COS12 Protein of unknown function; member of the DUP380 subfamily of conserved, often subtelomerically-encoded proteins
ygr295c YGR295C COS6 Protein of unknown function; member of the DUP380 subfamily of conserved, often subtelomerically-encoded proteins
yor316c YOR316C COT1 Vacuolar transporter that mediates zinc transport into the vacuole; overexpression confers resistance to cobalt and rhodium; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; COT1 has a paralog, ZRC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl172c YPL172C COX10 Heme A:farnesyltransferase; catalyzes the first step in the conversion of protoheme to the heme A prosthetic group required for cytochrome c oxidase activity; human ortholog is associated with mitochondrial disorders
ypl132w YPL132W COX11 Protein required for delivery of copper to Cox1p; mitochondrial inner membrane protein; association with mitochondrial ribosomes suggests that copper delivery may occur during translation of Cox1p
ylr038c YLR038C COX12 Subunit VIb of cytochrome c oxidase; cytochrome c oxidase is also known as respiratory Complex IV and is the terminal member of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain; required for assembly of cytochrome c oxidase but not required for activity after assembly; phosphorylated; easily released from the intermembrane space, suggesting a loose association with Complex IV
yml129c YML129C COX14 Mitochondrial membrane protein; involved in translational regulation of Cox1p and assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV); associates with complex IV assembly intermediates and complex III/complex IV supercomplexes
yer141w YER141W COX15 Protein required for the hydroxylation of heme O to form heme A; heme A is an essential prosthetic group for cytochrome c oxidase
yjl003w YJL003W COX16 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; required for assembly of cytochrome c oxidase
yll009c YLL009C COX17 Copper metallochaperone that transfers copper to Sco1p and Cox11p; eventual delivery to cytochrome c oxidase; contains twin cysteine-x9-cysteine motifs
ygr062c YGR062C COX18 Protein required for membrane insertion of C-terminus of Cox2p; mitochondrial integral inner membrane protein; interacts genetically and physically with Mss2p and Pnt1p; similar to S. cerevisiae Oxa1, N. crassa Oxa2p, and E. coli YidC
yll018c-a YLL018C-A COX19 Protein required for cytochrome c oxidase assembly; located in the cytosol and mitochondrial intermembrane space; putative copper metallochaperone that delivers copper to cytochrome c oxidase; contains twin cysteine-x9-cysteine motifs
ydr231c YDR231C COX20 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; required for proteolytic processing of Cox2p and its assembly into cytochrome c oxidase
yhr116w YHR116W COX23 Protein that functions in mitochondrial copper homeostasis; mitochondrial intermembrane space protein; essential for functional cytochrome oxidase expression; homologous to Cox17p; contains twin cysteine-x9-cysteine motifs
ynl052w YNL052W COX5A Subunit Va of cytochrome c oxidase; cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal member of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain; Cox5Ap is predominantly expressed during aerobic growth while its isoform Vb (Cox5Bp) is expressed during anaerobic growth; COX5A has a paralog, COX5B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil111w YIL111W COX5B Subunit Vb of cytochrome c oxidase; cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal member of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain; Cox5Bp is predominantly expressed during anaerobic growth while its isoform Va (Cox5Ap) is expressed during aerobic growth; COX5B has a paralog, COX5A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr051w YHR051W COX6 Subunit VI of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV); Complex IV is the terminal member of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain; expression is regulated by oxygen levels
ymr256c YMR256C COX7 Subunit VII of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV); Complex IV is the terminal member of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain
ylr395c YLR395C COX8 Subunit VIII of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV); Complex IV is the terminal member of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain
ydl067c YDL067C COX9 Subunit VIIa of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV); Complex IV is the terminal member of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain
ykl179c YKL179C COY1 Golgi membrane protein with similarity to mammalian CASP; genetic interactions with GOS1 (encoding a Golgi snare protein) suggest a role in Golgi function
yor303w YOR303W CPA1 Small subunit of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase; carbamoyl phosphate synthetase catalyzes a step in the synthesis of citrulline, an arginine precursor; translationally regulated by an attenuator peptide encoded by YOR302W within the CPA1 mRNA 5'-leader
yjr109c YJR109C CPA2 Large subunit of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase; carbamoyl phosphate synthetase catalyzes a step in the synthesis of citrulline, an arginine precursor
ygr247w YGR247W CPD1 Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase; hydrolyzes ADP-ribose 1'', 2''-cyclic phosphate to ADP-ribose 1''-phosphate; may have a role in tRNA splicing; no detectable phenotype is conferred by null mutation or by overexpression; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr155c YDR155C CPR1 Cytoplasmic peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclophilin); catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds N-terminal to proline residues; binds the drug cyclosporin A; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yhr057c YHR057C CPR2 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclophilin); catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds N-terminal to proline residues; has a potential role in the secretory pathway; CPR2 has a paralog, CPR5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml078w YML078W CPR3 Mitochondrial peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclophilin); catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds N-terminal to proline residues; involved in protein refolding after import into mitochondria
ydr304c YDR304C CPR5 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclophilin) of the ER; catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds N-terminal to proline residues; transcriptionally induced in response to unfolded proteins in the ER; CPR5 has a paralog, CPR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr216c YLR216C CPR6 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclophilin); catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds N-terminal to proline residues; plays a role in determining prion variants; binds to Hsp82p and contributes to chaperone activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yjr032w YJR032W CPR7 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclophilin); catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds N-terminal to proline residues; binds to Hsp82p and contributes to chaperone activity; plays a role in determining prion variants
ynr028w YNR028W CPR8 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclophilin); catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds N-terminal to proline residues; potential role in the secretory pathway; CPR8 has a paralog, CPR4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl172w YJL172W CPS1 Vacuolar carboxypeptidase S; expression is induced under low-nitrogen conditions
ynl130c YNL130C CPT1 Cholinephosphotransferase; required for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and for inositol-dependent regulation of EPT1 transcription; CPT1 has a paralog, EPT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor100c YOR100C CRC1 Mitochondrial inner membrane carnitine transporter; required for carnitine-dependent transport of acetyl-CoA from peroxisomes to mitochondria during fatty acid beta-oxidation
ydl142c YDL142C CRD1 Cardiolipin synthase; produces cardiolipin, which is a phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is required for normal mitochondrial membrane potential and function; required to maintain tubular mitochondrial morphology and functions in mitochondrial fusion; also required for normal vacuolar ion homeostasis
ydr223w YDR223W CRF1 Transcriptional corepressor; involved in repression of ribosomal protein (RP) gene transcription via the TOR signaling pathway which promotes accumulation of Crf1p in the nucleus; role in repression of RP genes varies by strain; CRF1 has a paralog, IFH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr209w YHR209W CRG1 S-AdoMet-dependent methyltransferase involved in lipid homeostasis; mediates resistance to a drug cantharidin
ygr189c YGR189C CRH1 Chitin transglycosylase; functions in the transfer of chitin to beta(1-6) and beta(1-3) glucans in the cell wall; similar and functionally redundant to Utr2; localizes to sites of polarized growth; expression induced by cell wall stress
ylr429w YLR429W CRN1 Coronin; cortical actin cytoskeletal component that associates with the Arp2p/Arp3p complex to regulate its activity; plays a role in regulation of actin patch assembly
yhr146w YHR146W CRP1 Protein that binds to cruciform DNA structures; CRP1 has a paralog, MDG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr213c YLR213C CRR1 Putative glycoside hydrolase of the spore wall envelope; required for normal spore wall assembly, possibly for cross-linking between the glucan and chitosan layers; expressed during sporulation
yor031w YOR031W CRS5 Copper-binding metallothionein; required for wild-type copper resistance
yol063c YOL063C CRT10 Protein involved in transcriptional regulation of RNR2 and RNR3; expression of the gene is induced by DNA damage and null mutations confer increased resistance to hydroxyurea; N-terminal region has a leucine repeat and a WD40 repeat
ynl027w YNL027W CRZ1 Transcription factor, activates transcription of stress response genes; nuclear localization is positively regulated by calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation; rapidly localizes to the nucleus under blue light stress
ynr010w YNR010W CSE2 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; component of the Middle domain of mediator; required for regulation of RNA polymerase II activity; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ylr087c YLR087C CSF1 Protein required for fermentation at low temperature; plays a role in the maturation of secretory proteins; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ybr036c YBR036C CSG2 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein; required for mannosylation of inositolphosphorylceramide and for growth at high calcium concentrations; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr161w YBR161W CSH1 Mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) synthase catalytic subunit; forms a complex with regulatory subunit Csg2p; function in sphingolipid biosynthesis is overlapping with that of Sur1p; CSH1 has a paralog, SUR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr025w YMR025W CSI1 Subunit of the Cop9 signalosome; which is required for deneddylation, or removal of the ubiquitin-like protein Rub1p from Cdc53p (cullin); involved in adaptation to pheromone signaling; functional equivalent of canonical Csn6 subunit of the COP9 signalosome
yol007c YOL007C CSI2 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)- fusion protein localizes to the mother side of the bud neck and the vacuole; YOL007C is not an essential gene
ycr086w YCR086W CSM1 Nucleolar protein that mediates homolog segregation during meiosis I; forms a complex with Lrs4p and then Mam1p at kinetochores; required for condensin recruitment to the replication fork barrier site and rDNA repeat segregation
yil132c YIL132C CSM2 Component of the Shu complex, which promotes error-free DNA repair; Shu complex mediates inhibition of Srs2p function; structural analysis reveals a similar DNA-binding region in both Psy3p and Csm2p and that both regions work together to form a single DNA binding site; required for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis
ymr048w YMR048W CSM3 Replication fork associated factor; required for stable replication fork pausing; component of the DNA replication checkpoint pathway; required for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
ypl200w YPL200W CSM4 Protein required for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis; involved in meiotic telomere clustering (bouquet formation) and telomere-led rapid prophase movements; functions with meiosis-specific telomere-binding protein Ndj1p; CSM4 has a paralog, MPS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr179c YDR179C CSN9 Subunit of the Cop9 signalosome; Cop9 signalosome is required for deneddylation, or removal of the ubiquitin-like protein Rub1p from Cdc53p (cullin); involved in adaptation to pheromone signaling
ylr380w YLR380W CSR1 Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein; has a potential role in regulating lipid and fatty acid metabolism under heme-depleted conditions; interacts specifically with thioredoxin peroxidase; may have a role in oxidative stress resistance; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypr030w YPR030W CSR2 Nuclear ubiquitin protein ligase binding protein; may regulate utilization of nonfermentable carbon sources and endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins; overproduction suppresses chs5 spa2 lethality at high temp; ubiquitinated by Rsp5p, deubiquitinated by Ubp2p; CSR2 has a paralog, ECM21, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr042c YBR042C CST26 Putative transferase involved in phospholipid biosynthesis; required for incorporation of stearic acid into phosphatidylinositol; affects chromosome stability when overexpressed; CST26 has a paralog, YDR018C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil036w YIL036W CST6 Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, in ATF/CREB family; mediates transcriptional activation of NCE103 (encoding carbonic anhydrase) in response to low CO2 levels such as in the ambient air; proposed to be a regulator of oleate responsive genes; involved in utilization of non-optimal carbon sources and chromosome stability; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; CST6 has a paralog, ACA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr394w YLR394W CST9 SUMO E3 ligase; required for synaptonemal complex formation; localizes to synapsis initiation sites on meiotic chromosomes; potential Cdc28p substrate
ydr256c YDR256C CTA1 Catalase A; breaks down hydrogen peroxide in the peroxisomal matrix formed by acyl-CoA oxidase (Pox1p) during fatty acid beta-oxidation
ymr078c YMR078C CTF18 Subunit of a complex with Ctf8p; shares some subunits with Replication Factor C and is required for sister chromatid cohesion; may have overlapping functions with Rad24p in the DNA damage replication checkpoint
ypl018w YPL018W CTF19 Outer kinetochore protein, needed for accurate chromosome segregation; component of the kinetochore sub-complex COMA (Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm21p, Ame1p) that functions as a platform for kinetochore assembly; required for the spindle assembly checkpoint; orthologous to human centromere constitutive-associated network (CCAN) subunit CENP-P and fission yeast fta2
ylr381w YLR381W CTF3 Outer kinetochore protein that forms a complex with Mcm16p and Mcm22p; may bind the kinetochore to spindle microtubules; required for the spindle assembly checkpoint; orthologous to human centromere constitutive-associated network (CCAN) subunit CENP-I and fission yeast mis6
ypr135w YPR135W CTF4 Chromatin-associated protein; required for sister chromatid cohesion; interacts with DNA polymerase alpha (Pol1p) and may link DNA synthesis to sister chromatid cohesion
yhr191c YHR191C CTF8 Subunit of a complex with Ctf18p; shares some subunits with Replication Factor C; required for sister chromatid cohesion
ydr151c YDR151C CTH1 Member of the CCCH zinc finger family; similar to mammalian Tis11 protein, which activates transcription and also has a role in mRNA degradation; may function with Tis11p in iron homeostasis; CTH1 has a paralog, TIS11, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl181w YPL181W CTI6 Component of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex; relieves transcriptional repression by binding to the Cyc8p-Tup1p corepressor and recruiting the SAGA complex to the repressed promoter; contains a PHD finger domain
ykl139w YKL139W CTK1 Catalytic (alpha) subunit of C-terminal domain kinase I (CTDK-I); phosphorylates both RNA pol II subunit Rpo21p to affect transcription and pre-mRNA 3' end processing, and ribosomal protein Rps2p to increase translational fidelity; required for H3K36 trimethylation but not dimethylation by Set2p; similar to the Drosophila dCDK12 and human CDK12 and probably CDK13
yjl006c YJL006C CTK2 Beta subunit of C-terminal domain kinase I (CTDK-I); which phosphorylates both RNA pol II subunit Rpo21p to affect transcription and pre-mRNA 3' end processing, and ribosomal protein Rps2p to increase translational fidelity; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
yml112w YML112W CTK3 Gamma subunit of C-terminal domain kinase I; CTDK-I phosphorylates RNA polymerase II subunit Rpo21p to affect transcription and pre-mRNA 3' end processing, and also phosphorylates ribosomal protein Rps2p to increase translational fidelity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr180c YMR180C CTL1 RNA 5'-triphosphatase, localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm; CTL1 has a paralog, CET1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr109w YHR109W CTM1 Cytochrome c lysine methyltransferase; trimethylates residue 72 of apo-cytochrome c (Cyc1p) in the cytosol; not required for normal respiratory growth
ybr291c YBR291C CTP1 Mitochondrial inner membrane citrate transporter; member of the mitochondrial carrier family
ypr124w YPR124W CTR1 High-affinity copper transporter of the plasma membrane; mediates nearly all copper uptake under low copper conditions; transcriptionally induced at low copper levels and degraded at high copper levels; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from nucleus to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress
ylr286c YLR286C CTS1 Endochitinase; required for cell separation after mitosis; transcriptional activation during the G1 phase of the cell cycle is mediated by transcription factor Ace2p
ydr371w YDR371W CTS2 Putative chitinase; functionally complements A. gossypii cts2 mutant sporulation defect
ygr088w YGR088W CTT1 Cytosolic catalase T; has a role in protection from oxidative damage by hydrogen peroxide
ymr264w YMR264W CUE1 Ubiquitin-binding protein; endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that recruits the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc7p to the ER where it functions in protein degradation; contains a CUE domain that binds ubiquitin to facilitate intramolecular monoubiquitination; CUE1 has a paralog, CUE4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl090w YKL090W CUE2 Protein of unknown function; has two CUE domains that bind ubiquitin, which may facilitate intramolecular monoubiquitination
ygl110c YGL110C CUE3 Protein of unknown function; has a CUE domain that binds ubiquitin, which may facilitate intramolecular monoubiquitination
yml101c YML101C CUE4 Protein of unknown function; has a CUE domain that binds ubiquitin, which may facilitate intramolecular monoubiquitination; CUE4 has a paralog, CUE1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor042w YOR042W CUE5 Ubiquitin-binding protein; contains a CUE domain that binds ubiquitin, which may facilitate intramolecular monoubiquitination; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; CUE5 has a paralog, DON1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr003w YGR003W CUL3 Ubiquitin-protein ligase; forms a complex with Elc1p that polyubiquitylates monoubiquitylated RNA polymerase II to trigger its proteolysis; cullin family member with similarity to Cdc53p and human CUL3
ygl166w YGL166W CUP2 Copper-binding transcription factor; activates transcription of the metallothionein genes CUP1-1 and CUP1-2 in response to elevated copper concentrations; CUP2 has a paralog, HAA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl177c YPL177C CUP9 Homeodomain-containing transcriptional repressor; regulates expression of PTR2, which encodes a major peptide transporter; imported peptides activate ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, resulting in degradation of Cup9p and de-repression of PTR2 transcription; CUP9 has a paralog, TOS8, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypr158w YPR158W CUR1 Sorting factor, central regulator of spatial protein quality control; physically and functionally interacts with chaperones to promote sorting and deposition of misfolded proteins into cytosolic compartments; involved in destabilization of [URE3] prions; CUR1 has a paralog, BTN2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl286w YNL286W CUS2 Putative checkpoint factor in transcription; binds to U2 snRNA and Prp11p; may be involved in U2 snRNA folding; contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs)
ynl155w YNL155W CUZ1 Protein with a role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; interacts with ubiquitinated protein, Cdc48p and the proteasomal regulatory particle; may protect cells from trivalent metalloid induced proteotoxicity; contains a PACE promoter element and is co-regulated with proteasome subunit genes; AN1-type zinc finger protein, with DHHC and ubiquitin-like domains (UBL); ortholog of ZFAND1, a human gene linked to cancer; protein abundance increases under DNA replication stress
ydr163w YDR163W CWC15 Non-essential protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing; component of a complex containing Cef1p; has similarity to S. pombe Cwf15p
ydr482c YDR482C CWC21 Protein involved in RNA splicing by the spliceosome; component of a complex containing Cef1p; interacts genetically with ISY1 and BUD13; may bind RNA; has similarity to S. pombe Cwf21p
ypl064c YPL064C CWC27 Component of a complex containing Cef1p; putatively involved in pre-mRNA splicing; has similarity to S. pombe Cwf27p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygl027c YGL027C CWH41 Processing alpha glucosidase I; ER type II integral membrane N-glycoprotein involved in assembly of cell wall beta 1,6 glucan and asparagine-linked protein glycosylation; also involved in ER protein quality control and sensing of ER stress
ycr017c YCR017C CWH43 Putative sensor/transporter protein involved in cell wall biogenesis; contains 14-16 transmembrane segments and several putative glycosylation and phosphorylation sites; null mutation is synthetically lethal with pkc1 deletion
ykl096w YKL096W CWP1 Cell wall mannoprotein that localizes to birth scars of daughter cells; linked to a beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-glucan heteropolymer through a phosphodiester bond; required for propionic acid resistance
yml054c YML054C CYB2 Cytochrome b2 (L-lactate cytochrome-c oxidoreductase); component of the mitochondrial intermembrane space, required for lactate utilization; expression is repressed by glucose and anaerobic conditions
ynl111c YNL111C CYB5 Cytochrome b5; involved in the sterol and lipid biosynthesis pathways; acts as an electron donor to support sterol C5-6 desaturation
yjr048w YJR048W CYC1 Cytochrome c, isoform 1; electron carrier of the mitochondrial intermembrane space that transfers electrons from ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase to cytochrome c oxidase during cellular respiration; mutations in human homolog cause insulin-responsive hyperglycemia; CYC1 has a paralog, CYC7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor037w YOR037W CYC2 Mitochondrial peripheral inner membrane protein; contains a FAD cofactor in a domain exposed in the intermembrane space; exhibits redox activity in vitro; likely participates in ligation of heme to acytochromes c and c1 (Cyc1p and Cyt1p)
yal039c YAL039C CYC3 Cytochrome c heme lyase (holocytochrome c synthase); attaches heme to apo-cytochrome c (Cyc1p or Cyc7p) in the mitochondrial intermembrane space; human ortholog may have a role in microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS)
yel039c YEL039C CYC7 Cytochrome c isoform 2, expressed under hypoxic conditions; electron carrier of the mitochondrial intermembrane space that transfers electrons from ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase to cytochrome c oxidase during cellular respiration; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; CYC7 has a paralog, CYC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr112c YBR112C CYC8 General transcriptional co-repressor; acts together with Tup1p; also acts as part of a transcriptional co-activator complex that recruits the SWI/SNF and SAGA complexes to promoters; can form the prion [OCT+]
ydl117w YDL117W CYK3 SH3-domain protein located in the bud neck and cytokinetic actin ring; relocalizes from bud neck to nucleus upon DNA replication stress; activates the chitin synthase activity of Chs2p during cytokinesis; suppressor of growth and cytokinesis defects of chs2 phospho-mutants
ydr430c YDR430C CYM1 Lysine-specific metalloprotease of the pitrilysin family; metalloprotease of the intermembrane space; degrades proteins and presequence peptides cleaved from imported proteins; required for normal mitochondrial morphology
yal012w YAL012W CYS3 Cystathionine gamma-lyase; catalyzes one of the two reactions involved in the transsulfuration pathway that yields cysteine from homocysteine with the intermediary formation of cystathionine; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr155w YGR155W CYS4 Cystathionine beta-synthase; catalyzes synthesis of cystathionine from serine and homocysteine, the first committed step in cysteine biosynthesis; responsible for hydrogen sulfide generation; advances passage through START by promoting cell growth which requires catalytic activity, and reducing critical cell size independent of catalytic activity; mutations in human ortholog cause homocystinuria
yor065w YOR065W CYT1 Cytochrome c1; component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain; expression is regulated by the heme-activated, glucose-repressed Hap2p/3p/4p/5p CCAAT-binding complex
ykl087c YKL087C CYT2 Cytochrome c1 heme lyase; involved in maturation of cytochrome c1, which is a subunit of the mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase; links heme covalently to apocytochrome c1
yml070w YML070W DAK1 Dihydroxyacetone kinase; required for detoxification of dihydroxyacetone (DHA); involved in stress adaptation
yfl053w YFL053W DAK2 Dihydroxyacetone kinase; required for detoxification of dihydroxyacetone (DHA); involved in stress adaptation
yir027c YIR027C DAL1 Allantoinase; converts allantoin to allantoate in the first step of allantoin degradation; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression
yir029w YIR029W DAL2 Allantoicase; converts allantoate to urea and ureidoglycolate in the second step of allantoin degradation; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, an intermediate in allantoin degradation
yir032c YIR032C DAL3 Ureidoglycolate lyase; converts ureidoglycolate to glyoxylate and urea in the third step of allantoin degradation; expression is sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression; this enzyme is sometimes referred to "ureidoglycolate hydrolase" but should not be confused with the Arabidopsis thaliana ureidoglycolate hydrolase enzyme which converts ureidoglycolate to glyoxylate, ammonia and carbon dioxide
yir028w YIR028W DAL4 Allantoin permease; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, an intermediate in allantoin degradation
yjr152w YJR152W DAL5 Allantoate permease; ureidosuccinate permease; also transports dipeptides, though with lower affinity than for allantoate and ureidosuccinate; expression is constitutive but sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression
yir031c YIR031C DAL7 Malate synthase; can accept butyryl-CoA as acyl-CoA donor in addition to traditional substrate acetyl-CoA; recycles glyoxylate generated during allantoin degradation; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, an intermediate in allantoin degradation
ykr034w YKR034W DAL80 Negative regulator of genes in multiple nitrogen degradation pathways; expression is regulated by nitrogen levels and by Gln3p; member of the GATA-binding family, forms homodimers and heterodimers with Gzf3p; DAL80 has a paralog, GZF3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yir023w YIR023W DAL81 Positive regulator of genes in multiple nitrogen degradation pathways; contains DNA binding domain but does not appear to bind the dodecanucleotide sequence present in the promoter region of many genes involved in allantoin catabolism
ynl314w YNL314W DAL82 Positive regulator of allophanate inducible genes; binds a dodecanucleotide sequence upstream of all genes that are induced by allophanate; contains an UISALL DNA-binding, a transcriptional activation, and a coiled-coil domain
yjr150c YJR150C DAN1 Cell wall mannoprotein; has similarity to Tir1p, Tir2p, Tir3p, and Tir4p; expressed under anaerobic conditions, completely repressed during aerobic growth
ypl170w YPL170W DAP1 Heme-binding protein; involved in regulation of cytochrome P450 protein Erg11p; damage response protein, related to mammalian membrane progesterone receptors; mutations lead to defects in telomeres, mitochondria, and sterol synthesis
yhr028c YHR028C DAP2 Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase; synthesized as a glycosylated precursor; localizes to the vacuolar membrane; similar to Ste13p
yjl149w YJL149W DAS1 Putative SCF ubiquitin ligase F-box protein; interacts physically with both Cdc53p and Skp1 and genetically with CDC34; similar to putative F-box protein YDR131C
ydr020c YDR020C DAS2 Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene identified in a screen for mutants with increased levels of rDNA transcription; weak similarity with uridine kinases and with phosphoribokinases
yml113w YML113W DAT1 DNA binding protein that recognizes oligo(dA).oligo(dT) tracts; Arg side chain in its N-terminal pentad Gly-Arg-Lys-Pro-Gly repeat is required for DNA-binding; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; not essential for viability
ygr092w YGR092W DBF2 Ser/Thr kinase involved in transcription and stress response; functions as part of a network of genes in exit from mitosis; localization is cell cycle regulated; activated by Cdc15p during the exit from mitosis; also plays a role in regulating the stability of SWI5 and CLB2 mRNAs; phosphorylates Chs2p to regulate primary septum formation and Hof1p to regulate cytokinesis; DBF2 has a paralog, DBF20, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr111w YPR111W DBF20 Ser/Thr kinase involved in late nuclear division; one of the mitotic exit network (MEN) proteins; necessary for the execution of cytokinesis; also plays a role in regulating the stability of SWI5 and CLB2 mRNAs; DBF20 has a paralog, DBF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl119c YPL119C DBP1 Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the DEAD-box protein family; mutants show reduced stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit scanning through 5' untranslated regions of mRNAs; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; DBP1 has a paralog, DED1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl078c YGL078C DBP3 RNA-Dependent ATPase, member of DExD/H-box family; involved in cleavage of site A3 within the ITS1 spacer during rRNA processing; not essential for growth, but deletion causes severe slow-growth phenotype
ykr024c YKR024C DBP7 Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the DEAD-box family; involved in ribosomal biogenesis; required at post-transcriptional step for efficient retrotransposition; essential for growth under anaerobic conditions
ykl149c YKL149C DBR1 RNA lariat debranching enzyme; catalyzes debranching of lariat introns formed during pre-mRNA splicing; required for efficient Ty1 transposition; knockdown of human homolog Dbr1 rescues toxicity of RNA-binding proteins TDP-43 and FUS which are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggests potential therapeutic target for ALS and related TDP-43 proteinopathies
ycl016c YCL016C DCC1 Subunit of a complex with Ctf8p and Ctf18p; shares some components with Replication Factor C; required for sister chromatid cohesion and telomere length maintenance
yir030c YIR030C DCG1 Protein of unknown function; expression is sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and regulated by Dal80p; contains transmembrane domain
yor180c YOR180C DCI1 Peroxisomal protein; identification as a delta(3,5)-delta(2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase involved in fatty acid metabolism is disputed; DCI1 has a paralog, ECI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr128w YLR128W DCN1 Scaffold-type E3 ligase; required for cullin neddylation and ubiquitin ligase activation; contains a ubiquitin-binding domain (UBA) for ubiquitin and Nedd8 (Rub1p) interaction and a PONY domain involved in cullin binding and neddylation
ylr361c YLR361C DCR2 Phosphoesterase; involved in downregulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), at least in part via dephosphorylation of Ire1p; dosage-dependent positive regulator of the G1/S phase transition through control of the timing of START
ylr270w YLR270W DCS1 Non-essential hydrolase involved in mRNA decapping; activates Xrn1p; may function in a feedback mechanism to regulate deadenylation, contains pyrophosphatase activity and a HIT (histidine triad) motif; acts as inhibitor of neutral trehalase Nth1p; required for growth on glycerol medium; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; DCS1 has a paralog, DCS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor173w YOR173W DCS2 m(7)GpppX pyrophosphatase regulator; non-essential, stress induced regulatory protein; modulates m7G-oligoribonucleotide metabolism; inhibits Dcs1p; regulated by Msn2p, Msn4p, and the Ras-cAMP-cAPK signaling pathway; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; DCS2 has a paralog, DCS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr012w YFR012W DCV1 Protein of unknown function; deletion mutant shows strong genetic interaction with cdc28-as1 mutant in the presence of 1-NM-PP1; DCV1 has a paralog, YOL019W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl046c YKL046C DCW1 Putative mannosidase; GPI-anchored membrane protein required for cell wall biosynthesis in bud formation;homologous to Dfg5p
ypl194w YPL194W DDC1 DNA damage checkpoint protein; part of a PCNA-like complex required for DNA damage response, required for pachytene checkpoint to inhibit cell cycle in response to unrepaired recombination intermediates; potential Cdc28p substrate; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
yer143w YER143W DDI1 DNA damage-inducible v-SNARE binding protein; role in suppression of protein secretion; may play a role in S-phase checkpoint control; has ubiquitin-associated (UBA), ubiquitin-like (UBL), and retroviral-like proteinase (RVP) domains
ynl335w YNL335W DDI3 Protein of unknown function; expression is induced over 100-fold by DNA damage; induction decreased in rad6 and rad18 mutants
yor163w YOR163W DDP1 Polyphosphate phosphatase; hydrolyzes diphosphorylated inositol polyphosphates and diadenosine polyphosphates; high specificity for diadenosine hexa- and pentaphosphates; contains endopolyphosphatase activity with a high affinity for polyphosphates, an activity also observed for its human DIPP homologs; possesses mRNA decapping activity; nudix hydrolase family member; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr173w YMR173W DDR48 DNA damage-responsive protein; expression is increased in response to heat-shock stress or treatments that produce DNA lesions; contains multiple repeats of the amino acid sequence NNNDSYGS; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykl054c YKL054C DEF1 RNAPII degradation factor; forms a complex with Rad26p in chromatin, enables ubiquitination and proteolysis of RNAPII present in an elongation complex; mutant is deficient in Zip1p loading onto chromosomes during meiosis
yfl001w YFL001W DEG1 tRNA:pseudouridine synthase; introduces pseudouridines at position 38 or 39 in tRNA, important for maintenance of translation efficiency and normal cell growth, localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm; non-essential for viability
yal013w YAL013W DEP1 Component of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex; required for diauxic shift-induced histone H2B deposition onto rDNA genes; transcriptional modulator involved in regulation of structural phospholipid biosynthesis genes and metabolically unrelated genes, as well as maintenance of telomeres, mating efficiency, and sporulation
ybr201w YBR201W DER1 ER membrane protein that promotes export of misfolded polypeptides; required for ER-associated protein degradation of misfolded or unassembled proteins; initiates export of aberrant polypeptides from ER lumen by threading them into the ER membrane and routing them to Hrd1p for ubiquitylation; N- and C- termini protrude into the cytoplasm; similar to Dfm1p; homolog of mammalian derlin-1
ydr051c YDR051C DET1 Acid phosphatase; involved in the non-vesicular transport of sterols in both directions between the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane; deletion confers sensitivity to nickel
yil049w YIL049W DFG10 Probable polyprenol reductase; catalyzes conversion of polyprenol to dolichol, the precursor for N-glycosylation; involved in filamentous growth; mutations in human ortholog SRD5A3 confer CDG (Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation)
yor030w YOR030W DFG16 Probable multiple transmembrane protein; involved in diploid invasive and pseudohyphal growth upon nitrogen starvation; is glycosylated and phosphorylated; interacts with Rim21p and Rim9p in the plasma membrane to form a pH-sensing complex in the Rim101 pathway and is required to maintain Rim21p levels; required for accumulation of processed Rim101p
ymr238w YMR238W DFG5 Putative mannosidase; essential glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein required for cell wall biogenesis in bud formation, involved in filamentous growth, homologous to Dcw1p
ydr411c YDR411C DFM1 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized protein; involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), ER stress, and homeostasis; interacts with components of ERAD-L and ERAD-C and Cdc48p; derlin-like family member similar to Der1p
yor245c YOR245C DGA1 Diacylglycerol acyltransferase; catalyzes the terminal step of triacylglycerol (TAG) formation, acylates diacylglycerol using acyl-CoA as an acyl donor; Lro1p and Dga1p can O-acylate ceramides; localized to lipid particles
yor311c YOR311C DGK1 Diacylglycerol kinase; localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); overproduction induces enlargement of ER-like membrane structures and suppresses a temperature-sensitive sly1 mutation; contains a CTP transferase domain
ykl121w YKL121W DGR2 Protein of unknown function; null mutant is resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose and displays abnormally elongated buds; DGR2 has a paralog, YMR102C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl160c YDL160C DHH1 Cytoplasmic DExD/H-box helicase, stimulates mRNA decapping; coordinates distinct steps in mRNA function and decay, interacts with both the decapping and deadenylase complexes, role in translational repression, mRNA decay, and processing body dynamics; may have a role in mRNA export; C-terminus of Dhh1p interacts with Ngr1p and promotes POR1, but not EDC1 mRNA decay; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ymr316w YMR316W DIA1 Protein of unknown function; involved in invasive and pseudohyphal growth; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
yor080w YOR080W DIA2 Origin-binding F-box protein; forms SCF ubiquitin ligase complex with Skp1p and Cdc53p; functions in ubiquitylation of silent chromatin structural protein Sir4p; required to target Cdc6p for destruction during G1 phase; required for deactivation of Rad53 checkpoint kinase, completion of DNA replication during recovery from DNA damage, assembly of RSC complex, RSC-mediated transcription regulation, and nucleosome positioning; involved in invasive and pseudohyphal growth
ydl024c YDL024C DIA3 Protein of unknown function; involved in invasive and pseudohyphal growth
yhr011w YHR011W DIA4 Probable mitochondrial seryl-tRNA synthetase; mutant displays increased invasive and pseudohyphal growth
ylr348c YLR348C DIC1 Mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier; integral membrane protein, catalyzes a dicarboxylate-phosphate exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane, transports cytoplasmic dicarboxylates into the mitochondrial matrix
ykr035w-a YKR035W-A DID2 Class E protein of the vacuolar protein-sorting (Vps) pathway; binds Vps4p and directs it to dissociate ESCRT-III complexes; forms a functional and physical complex with Ist1p; human ortholog may be altered in breast tumors
ykl002w YKL002W DID4 Class E Vps protein of the ESCRT-III complex; required for sorting of integral membrane proteins into lumenal vesicles of multivesicular bodies, and for delivery of newly synthesized vacuolar enzymes to the vacuole, involved in endocytosis
ygr227w YGR227W DIE2 Dolichyl-phosphoglucose-dependent alpha-1,2 glucosyltransferase; located in the ER; functions in the pathway that synthesizes the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked protein glycosylation; has a role in regulation of ITR1 and INO1
ylr437c YLR437C DIF1 Protein that regulates nuclear localization of Rnr2p and Rnr4p; phosphorylated by Dun1p in response to DNA damage and degraded; N-terminal half shows similarity to S. pombe Spd1 protein; DIF1 has a paralog, SML1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl049c YPL049C DIG1 MAP kinase-responsive inhibitor of the Ste12p transcription factor; involved in the regulation of mating-specific genes and the invasive growth pathway; related regulators Dig1p and Dig2p bind to Ste12p; DIG1 has a paralog, DIG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr480w YDR480W DIG2 MAP kinase-responsive inhibitor of the Ste12p transcription factor; involved in the regulation of mating-specific genes and the invasive growth pathway; related regulators Dig1p and Dig2p bind to Ste12p; DIG2 has a paralog, DIG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr263c YDR263C DIN7 Mitochondrial nuclease functioning in DNA repair and replication; modulates the stability of the mitochondrial genome, induced by exposure to mutagens, also induced during meiosis at a time nearly coincident with commitment to recombination; DIN7 has a paralog, EXO1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl265w YPL265W DIP5 Dicarboxylic amino acid permease; mediates high-affinity and high-capacity transport of L-glutamate and L-aspartate; also a transporter for Gln, Asn, Ser, Ala, and Gly; relocalizes from plasma membrane to vacuole upon DNA replication stress
ydr403w YDR403W DIT1 Sporulation-specific enzyme required for spore wall maturation; involved in the production of a soluble LL-dityrosine-containing precursor of the spore wall; transcripts accumulate at the time of prospore enclosure
ydr402c YDR402C DIT2 N-formyltyrosine oxidase; sporulation-specific microsomal enzyme involved in the production of N,N-bisformyl dityrosine required for spore wall maturation, homologous to cytochrome P-450s
yir004w YIR004W DJP1 Cytosolic J-domain-containing protein; required for peroxisomal protein import and involved in peroxisome assembly, homologous to E. coli DnaJ
ydl174c YDL174C DLD1 D-lactate dehydrogenase; oxidizes D-lactate to pyruvate, transcription is heme-dependent, repressed by glucose, and derepressed in ethanol or lactate; located in the mitochondrial inner membrane
ydl178w YDL178W DLD2 D-lactate dehydrogenase; located in the mitochondrial matrix
yel071w YEL071W DLD3 D-lactate dehydrogenase; part of the retrograde regulon which consists of genes whose expression is stimulated by damage to mitochondria and reduced in cells grown with glutamate as the sole nitrogen source, located in the cytoplasm
yjl065c YJL065C DLS1 Subunit of ISW2/yCHRAC chromatin accessibility complex; ISW2/yCHRAC also includes Itc1p, Isw2p, and Dpb4p; involved in inheritance of telomeric silencing; DLS1 has a paralog, DPB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr126c YMR126C DLT1 Protein of unknown function; mutant sensitive to 6-azauracil (6AU) and mycophenolic acid (MPA)
yhr115c YHR115C DMA1 Ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3); controls septin dynamics, spindle position checkpoint (SPOC) with ligase Dma2p by regulating recruitment of Elm1p to bud neck; regulates levels of eIF2 subunit Gcd11p, as well as abundance, localization, and ubiquitination of Cdk inhibitory kinase Swe1p; ubiquitinates cyclin Pcl1p; ortholog of human RNF8, similar to human Chfr; contains FHA, RING fingers; DMA1 has a paralog, DMA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl116w YNL116W DMA2 Ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3); controls septin dynamics and spindle position checkpoint (SPOC) with ligase Dma1p by regulating recruitment of Elm1p to bud neck; regulates levels of eIF2 subunit Gcd11p, as well as abundance, localization, and ubiquitination of Cdk inhibitory kinase Swe1p; ortholog of human RNF8, similar to human Chfr; contains FHA and RING finger domains; DMA2 has a paralog, DMA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer179w YER179W DMC1 Meiosis-specific recombinase required for repair of double-strand breaks; also required for pairing between homologous chromosomes; homolog of Rad51p and the bacterial RecA protein; binds ssDNA and dsDNA, forms helical filaments; stimulated by Rdh54p
yer166w YER166W DNF1 Aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); localizes primarily to the plasma membrane; contributes to endocytosis, protein transport and cell polarity; type 4 P-type ATPase; DNF1 has a paralog, DNF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr093w YDR093W DNF2 Aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); localizes primarily to the plasma membrane; contributes to endocytosis, protein transport and cell polarity; type 4 P-type ATPase; DNF2 has a paralog, DNF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr162c YMR162C DNF3 Trans-golgi network aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); maintains membrane lipid asymmetry in post-Golgi secretory vesicles; localizes to the trans-Golgi network; likely involved in protein transport; type 4 P-type ATPase
yor005c YOR005C DNL4 DNA ligase required for nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ); forms stable heterodimer with required cofactor Lif1p, interacts with Nej1p; involved in meiosis, not essential for vegetative growth
yll001w YLL001W DNM1 Dynamin-related GTPase involved in mitochondrial organization; required for mitochondrial fission and morphology; assembles on the cytoplasmic face of mitochondrial tubules at sites at which division will occur; also participates in endocytosis and regulating peroxisome abundance
ykl213c YKL213C DOA1 WD repeat protein required for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation; forms a complex with Cdc48p; plays a role in controlling cellular ubiquitin concentration; also promotes efficient NHEJ in postdiauxic/stationary phase; facilitates N-terminus-dependent proteolysis of centromeric histone H3 (Cse4p) for faithful chromosome segregation; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from nucleus to nuclear periphery upon DNA replication stress
ydr069c YDR069C DOA4 Ubiquitin hydrolase that deubiquitinates ILV cargo proteins; required for recycling ubiquitin from proteasome-bound ubiquitinated intermediates, acts at the late endosome/prevacuolar compartment to recover ubiquitin from ubiquitinated membrane proteins en route to the vacuole; DOA4 has a paralog, UBP5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl240w YGL240W DOC1 Processivity factor; required for the ubiquitination activity of the anaphase promoting complex (APC), mediates the activity of the APC by contributing to substrate recognition; involved in cyclin proteolysis; contains a conserved DOC1 homology domain
yhr044c YHR044C DOG1 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase; member of a family of low molecular weight phosphatases; confers 2-deoxyglucose resistance when overexpressed, in vivo substrate has not yet been identified; DOG1 has a paralog, DOG2, that arose from a single-locus duplication
ynl001w YNL001W DOM34 Protein that facilitates ribosomal subunit dissociation; Dom34-Hbs1 complex and Rli1p have roles in dissociating inactive ribosomes, thereby facilitating translation restart; required for RNA cleavage in no-go decay, but reports conflict on endonuclease activity; Pelota ortholog; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; DOM34 has a paralog, YCL001W-B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr273w YDR273W DON1 Meiosis-specific component of the spindle pole body; part of the leading edge protein (LEP) coat, forms a ring-like structure at the leading edge of the prospore membrane during meiosis II; DON1 has a paralog, CUE5, that arose from the whole genome
ydr068w YDR068W DOS2 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ydr440w YDR440W DOT1 Nucleosomal histone H3-Lys79 methylase; methylation is required for telomeric silencing, meiotic checkpoint control, and DNA damage response
yil010w YIL010W DOT5 Nuclear thiol peroxidase; functions as an alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase during post-diauxic growth
yer088c YER088C DOT6 Protein involved in rRNA and ribosome biogenesis; binds polymerase A and C motif; subunit of the RPD3L histone deacetylase complex; has chromatin specific SANT domain; involved in telomeric gene silencing and filamentation; DOT6 has a paralog, TOD6, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ybr278w YBR278W DPB3 Third-largest subunit of DNA polymerase II (DNA polymerase epsilon); required to maintain fidelity of chromosomal replication and also for inheritance of telomeric silencing; stabilizes the interaction of Pol epsilon with primer-template DNA, positively affecting the processivity of the polymerase and exonuclease activities of Pol epsilon; mRNA abundance peaks at the G1/S boundary of the cell cycle; DPB3 has a paralog, DLS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr121w YDR121W DPB4 Subunit of DNA pol epsilon and of ISW2 chromatin accessibility complex; involved in both chromosomal DNA replication and inheritance of telomeric silencing; stabilizes the interaction of Pol epsilon with primer-template DNA, positively affecting the processivity of the polymerase and exonuclease activities of Pol epsilon; interacts with extranucleosomal DNA and acts as anchor point for ISW2 complex that retains its position on DNA during nucleosome mobilization
yil103w YIL103W DPH1 Protein required for synthesis of diphthamide; required along with Dph2p, Kti11p, Jjj3p, and Dph5p; diphthamide is a modified histidine residue of translation elongation factor 2 (Eft1p or Eft2p); may act in a complex with Dph2p and Kti11p
ykl191w YKL191W DPH2 Protein required for synthesis of diphthamide; required along with Dph1p, Kti11p, Jjj3p, and Dph5p; diphthamide is a modified histidine residue of translation elongation factor 2 (Eft1p or Eft2p); may act in a complex with Dph1p and Kti11p
ylr172c YLR172C DPH5 Methyltransferase required for synthesis of diphthamide; diphthamide is a modified histidine residue of translation elongation factor 2 (Eft1p or Eft2p); not essential for viability; GFP-Dph5p fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ylr143w YLR143W DPH6 Diphthamide synthetase; catalyzes the last amidation step of diphthamide biosynthesis using ammonium and ATP; evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes; dph6 mutants exhibit diphthine accumulation and resistance to sordarin, which is indicative of defects in diphthamide formation on EF2; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged protein localizes to the cytoplasm; DPH6/YLR143W is not an essential gene
ydr294c YDR294C DPL1 Dihydrosphingosine phosphate lyase; regulates intracellular levels of sphingolipid long-chain base phosphates (LCBPs), degrades phosphorylated long chain bases, prefers C16 dihydrosphingosine-l-phosphate as a substrate
ydr284c YDR284C DPP1 Diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) phosphatase; zinc-regulated vacuolar membrane-associated lipid phosphatase, dephosphorylates DGPP to phosphatidate (PA) and Pi, then PA to diacylglycerol; involved in lipid signaling and cell metabolism
yal026c YAL026C DRS2 Trans-golgi network aminophospholipid translocase (flippase); maintains membrane lipid asymmetry in post-Golgi secretory vesicles; contributes to clathrin-coated vesicle formation and endocytosis; subject to auto-inhibition by its C-terminal tail; mutations in human homolog ATP8B1 result in liver disease
ygl196w YGL196W DSD1 D-serine dehydratase (aka D-serine ammonia-lyase); converts D-serine to pyruvate and ammonia by a reaction dependent on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and zinc; may play a role in D-serine detoxification; L-serine is not a substrate
yer124c YER124C DSE1 Daughter cell-specific protein; may regulate cross-talk between the mating and filamentation pathways; deletion affects cell separation after division and sensitivity to alpha-factor and drugs affecting the cell wall; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
yhr143w YHR143W DSE2 Daughter cell-specific secreted protein with similarity to glucanases; degrades cell wall from the daughter side causing daughter to separate from mother; expression is repressed by cAMP
yor264w YOR264W DSE3 Daughter cell-specific protein, may help establish daughter fate; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ynr067c YNR067C DSE4 Daughter cell-specific secreted protein with similarity to glucanases; degrades cell wall from the daughter side causing daughter to separate from mother
ybr007c YBR007C DSF2 Deletion suppressor of mpt5 mutation; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ymr276w YMR276W DSK2 Nuclear-enriched ubiquitin-like polyubiquitin-binding protein; required for spindle pole body (SPB) duplication and for transit through the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; involved in proteolysis; interacts with the proteasome; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr287c YMR287C DSS1 3'-5' exoribonuclease; component of the mitochondrial degradosome along with the ATP-dependent RNA helicase Suv3p; the degradosome associates with the ribosome and mediates turnover of aberrant or unprocessed RNAs
ypr017c YPR017C DSS4 Guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Sec4p; functions in the post-Golgi secretory pathway; binds zinc, found both on membranes and in the cytosol
ygl043w YGL043W DST1 General transcription elongation factor TFIIS; enables RNA polymerase II to read through blocks to elongation by stimulating cleavage of nascent transcripts stalled at transcription arrest sites; maintains RNAPII elongation activity on ribosomal protein genes during conditions of transcriptional stress
ydl219w YDL219W DTD1 D-Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) deacylase; functions in protein translation, may affect nonsense suppression via alteration of the protein synthesis machinery; ubiquitous among eukaryotes
ybr180w YBR180W DTR1 Putative dityrosine transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; required for spore wall synthesis; sequence similarity to QDR1 and QDR3, and the triple mutant dtr1 qdr1 qdr3 exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants; expressed during sporulation
yol087c YOL087C DUF1 Ubiquitin-binding protein of unknown function; contains one WD40 repeat in a beta-propeller fold; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; homolog of human WDR48/UAF1, which is involved in regulating the Fanconi anemia pathway; deletion mutant is sensitive to various chemicals including phenanthroline, sanguinarine, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid
yfr044c YFR044C DUG1 Cys-Gly metallo-di-peptidase; forms a complex with Dug2p and Dug3p to degrade glutathione (GSH) and other peptides containing a gamma-glu-X bond in an alternative pathway to GSH degradation by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (Ecm38p)
ybr281c YBR281C DUG2 Component of glutamine amidotransferase (GATase II); forms a complex with Dug3p to degrade glutathione (GSH) and other peptides containing a gamma-glu-X bond in an alternative pathway to GSH degradation by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (Ecm38p)
ynl191w YNL191W DUG3 Component of glutamine amidotransferase (GATase II); forms a complex with Dug2p to degrade glutathione (GSH) and other peptides containing a gamma-glu-X bond in an alternative pathway to GSH degradation by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (Ecm38p)
ydl101c YDL101C DUN1 Cell-cycle checkpoint serine-threonine kinase; required for DNA damage-induced transcription of certain target genes, phosphorylation of Rad55p and Sml1p, and transient G2/M arrest after DNA damage; Mec1p and Dun1p function in same pathway to regulate both dNTP pools and telomere length; also regulates postreplicative DNA repair
ybr208c YBR208C DUR1,2 Urea amidolyase; contains both urea carboxylase and allophanate hydrolase activities, degrades urea to CO2 and NH3; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, an intermediate in allantoin degradation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yhl016c YHL016C DUR3 Plasma membrane transporter for both urea and polyamines; expression is highly sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and induced by allophanate, the last intermediate of the allantoin degradative pathway
yml080w YML080W DUS1 Dihydrouridine synthase; member of a widespread family of conserved proteins including Smm1p, Dus3p, and Dus4p; modifies pre-tRNA(Phe) at U17
ylr401c YLR401C DUS3 Dihydrouridine synthase; member of a widespread family of conserved proteins including Smm1p, Dus1p, and Dus4p; contains a consensus oleate response element (ORE) in its promoter region; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
ylr405w YLR405W DUS4 Dihydrouridine synthase; member of a widespread family of conserved proteins including Smm1p, Dus1p, and Dus3p
ydr370c YDR370C DXO1 mRNA 5'-end-capping quality-control protein; has distributive, 5'-3' exoRNase activity; similar to Rai1p;
ykr054c YKR054C DYN1 Cytoplasmic heavy chain dynein; microtubule motor protein, required for anaphase spindle elongation; involved in spindle assembly, chromosome movement, and spindle orientation during cell division, targeted to microtubule tips by Pac1p; motility along microtubules inhibited by She1p
ydr424c YDR424C DYN2 Cytoplasmic light chain dynein, microtubule motor protein; required for intracellular transport and cell division; involved in mitotic spindle positioning; forms complex with dynein intermediate chain Pac11p that promotes Dyn1p homodimerization, potentiates motor processivity; Dyn2p-Pac11p complex important for interaction of dynein motor complex with dynactin complex; acts as molecular glue to dimerize, stabilize Nup82-Nsp1-Nup159 complex module of cytoplasmic pore filaments
ymr299c YMR299C DYN3 Dynein light intermediate chain (LIC); localizes with dynein, null mutant is defective in nuclear migration
ydr359c YDR359C EAF1 Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; acts as a platform for assembly of NuA4 subunits into the native complex; required for initiation of pre-meiotic DNA replication, likely due to its requirement for expression of IME1
ypr023c YPR023C EAF3 Component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex; Esa1p-associated factor, nonessential component of the NuA4 acetyltransferase complex, homologous to Drosophila dosage compensation protein MSL3; plays a role in regulating Ty1 transposition
yel018w YEL018W EAF5 Non-essential subunit of the NuA4 acetyltransferase complex; Esa1p-associated factor; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
yjr082c YJR082C EAF6 Subunit of the NuA4 acetyltransferase complex; this complex acetylates histone H4 and NuA3 acetyltransferase complex that acetylates histone H3
ynl136w YNL136W EAF7 Subunit of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; NuA4 acetylates the N-terminal tails of histones H4 and H2A
ykl204w YKL204W EAP1 eIF4E-associated protein, competes with eIF4G for binding to eIF4E; accelerates mRNA degradation by promoting decapping, facilitated by interaction with eIF4E; essential for Puf5p mediated repression; associates with Puf5p and Dhh1p; inhibits cap-dependent translation; functions independently of eIF4E to maintain genetic stability; plays a role in cell growth, implicated in the TOR signaling cascade
ymr171c YMR171C EAR1 Specificity factor required for Rsp5p-dependent ubiquitination; also required for sorting of specific cargo proteins at the multivesicular body; mRNA is targeted to the bud via the mRNA transport system involving She2p
ydr206w YDR206W EBS1 Protein involved in translation inhibition and nonsense-mediated decay; interacts with cap binding protein Cdc33p and with Nam7p; localizes to P-bodies upon glucose starvation; mRNA abundance regulated by mRNA decay factors; EBS1 has a paralog, EST1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr284c YLR284C ECI1 Peroxisomal delta3,delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase; hexameric protein that converts 3-hexenoyl-CoA to trans-2-hexenoyl-CoA, essential for the beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, oleate-induced; ECI1 has a paralog, DCI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr146c YGR146C ECL1 Protein of unknown function; mitochondrial-dependent role in the extension of chronological lifespan; overexpression increases oxygen consumption and respiratory activity while deletion results in reduced oxygen consumption under conditions of caloric restriction; induced by iron homeostasis transcription factor Aft2p; multicopy suppressor of temperature sensitive hsf1 mutant; induced by treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation
yal059w YAL059W ECM1 Pre-ribosomal factor involved in 60S ribosomal protein subunit export; associates with the pre-60S particle; shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm
yel030w YEL030W ECM10 Heat shock protein of the Hsp70 family; localized in mitochondrial nucleoids, plays a role in protein translocation, interacts with Mge1p in an ATP-dependent manner; overexpression induces extensive mitochondrial DNA aggregations; ECM10 has a paralog, SSC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr446w YDR446W ECM11 Meiosis-specific protein; component of the Synaptonemal Complex (SC) along with Gmc2p; required for efficient crossover formation and for the efficient loading of the SC transverse filament protein, Zip1p; is SUMOlytaed in a Gmc2p manner, and SUMOylation is required for its function in meiosis; GFP fusion protein is present in discrete clusters in the nucleus throughout mitosis; may be involved in maintaining chromatin structure
yhr021w-a YHR021W-A ECM12 Putative protein of unknown function; may contribute to cell wall biosynthesis, mutants display zymolyase hypersensitivity
ybl043w YBL043W ECM13 Non-essential protein of unknown function; induced by treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation; ECM13 has a paralog, YJR115W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr132c YHR132C ECM14 Putative metalloprotease with similarity to zinc carboxypeptidases; required for normal cell wall assembly
ybl001c YBL001C ECM15 Non-essential protein of unknown function; likely exists as tetramer, may be regulated by the binding of small-molecule ligands (possibly sulfate ions), may have a role in yeast cell-wall biogenesis
ydr125c YDR125C ECM18 Protein of unknown function; ECM18 has a paralog, ICT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr390w YLR390W ECM19 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ybr065c YBR065C ECM2 Pre-mRNA splicing factor; facilitates the cooperative formation of U2/U6 helix II in association with stem II in the spliceosome, function may be regulated by Slu7p
ybl101c YBL101C ECM21 Protein involved in regulating endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins; identified as a substrate for ubiquitination by Rsp5p and deubiquitination by Ubp2p; promoter contains several Gcn4p binding elements; ECM21 has a paralog, CSR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr228c YLR228C ECM22 Sterol regulatory element binding protein; regulates transcription of sterol biosynthetic genes; contains Zn[2]-Cys[6] binuclear cluster; relocates from intracellular membranes to perinuclear foci on sterol depletion; ECM22 has a paralog, UPC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl021w YPL021W ECM23 Non-essential protein of unconfirmed function; affects pre-rRNA processing, may act as a negative regulator of the transcription of genes involved in pseudohyphal growth; homologous to Srd1p
yjl201w YJL201W ECM25 Non-essential protein of unknown function; promoter contains a consensus binding sequence for factor Abf1p
yjr106w YJR106W ECM27 Putative protein of unknown function; may play a role in cell wall biosynthesis, mutants are hypersensitive to Papulacandin B; null mutants have increased plasmid loss; displays a two-hybrid interaction with Pdr5p
yhl030w YHL030W ECM29 Scaffold protein; assists in association of the proteasome core particle with the regulatory particle; inhibits proteasomal ATPase activity; degraded by the mature proteasome after assembly; contains HEAT-like repeats; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
yor092w YOR092W ECM3 Non-essential protein of unknown function; involved in signal transduction and the genotoxic response; induced rapidly in response to treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation; relocalizes from ER to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; ECM3 has a paralog, YNL095C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr436c YLR436C ECM30 Putative protein of unknown function; may play a role in cell wall biosynthesis, mutants have abormal relative levels of mannose and glucose and have Gap1p sorting and transport defects; (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ybr176w YBR176W ECM31 Ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase; required for pantothenic acid biosynthesis, converts 2-oxoisovalerate into 2-dehydropantoate
yer176w YER176W ECM32 DNA dependent ATPase/DNA helicase; helicase belonging to the Dna2p- and Nam7p-like family of helicases that is involved in modulating translation termination; interacts with the translation termination factors, localized to polysomes
ybr078w YBR078W ECM33 GPI-anchored protein of unknown function; possible role in apical bud growth; GPI-anchoring on the plasma membrane crucial to function; phosphorylated in mitochondria; similar to Sps2p; ECM33 has a paralog, PST1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl043w YHL043W ECM34 Putative protein of unknown function; member of the DUP380 subfamily of conserved, often subtelomerically-encoded proteins
ylr299w YLR299W ECM38 Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase; major glutathione-degrading enzyme; involved in detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics; expression induced mainly by nitrogen starvation
ykr076w YKR076W ECM4 Omega class glutathione transferase; not essential; similar to Ygr154cp; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ymr176w YMR176W ECM5 Subunit of the Snt2C complex; physically associates with Snt2p and Rpd3p; along with Snt2p, recruits Rpd3p to a small number of promoters; also colocalizes with Snt2p, independently of Rpd3p, to promoters of stress response genes in response to oxidative stress; contains ATP/GTP-binding site motif A; null mutant exhibits increased cellular volume, large drooping buds with elongated necks; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ylr443w YLR443W ECM7 Putative integral membrane protein with a role in calcium uptake; non-essential protein; mutant has cell wall defects and Ca+ uptake deficiencies; transcription is induced under conditions of zinc deficiency
ybr076w YBR076W ECM8 Non-essential protein of unknown function
ygr007w YGR007W ECT1 Ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; catalyzes the second step of phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis; involved in the maintenance of plasma membrane; similar to mammalian CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyl-transferases
ygl222c YGL222C EDC1 RNA-binding protein that activates mRNA decapping directly; binds to mRNA substrate and enhances activity of decapping proteins Dcp1p and Dcp2p; has a role in translation during heat stress; protein becomes more abundant and forms cytoplasmic foci in response to DNA replication stress; EDC1 has a paralog, EDC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer035w YER035W EDC2 RNA-binding protein that directly activates mRNA decapping; binds mRNA substrate and enhances activity of decapping proteins Dcp1p and Dcp2p; has a role in translation during heat stress; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes to nucleolus and to nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; EDC2 has a paralog, EDC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel015w YEL015W EDC3 Non-essential conserved protein with a role in mRNA decapping; specifically affects the function of the decapping enzyme Dcp1p; localizes to cytoplasmic mRNA processing bodies; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ybl047c YBL047C EDE1 Endocytic protein; involved in a network of interactions with other endocytic proteins, binds membranes in a ubiquitin-dependent manner, may also bind ubiquitinated membrane-associated proteins; interacts with Cmk2 and functions upstream of CMK2 in regulating non-apoptotic cell death
ybr033w YBR033W EDS1 Putative zinc cluster protein, predicted to be a transcription factor; not an essential gene; EDS1 has a paralog, RGT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl095c YPL095C EEB1 Acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferase; responsible for the major part of medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester biosynthesis during fermentation; possesses short-chain esterase activity; may be involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification; EEB1 has a paralog, EHT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr272c YGR271C-A EFG1 Essential protein required for maturation of 18S rRNA; null mutant is sensitive to hydroxyurea and is delayed in recovering from alpha-factor arrest; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleolus
yhl039w YHL039W EFM1 Lysine methyltransferase; involved in the monomethylation of eEF1A (Tef1p/Tef2p); SET-domain family member; predicted involvement in ribosome biogenesis; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ybr271w YBR271W EFM2 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase; methylates translation elongation factors EF2 (Eft1p and Eft2p) and EF3A (Yef3p); belongs to the seven beta-strand family; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; predicted to be involved in ribosome biogenesis
yor133w YOR133W EFT1 Elongation factor 2 (EF-2), also encoded by EFT2; catalyzes ribosomal translocation during protein synthesis; contains diphthamide, the unique posttranslationally modified histidine residue specifically ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin; EFT1 has a paralog, EFT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr385w YDR385W EFT2 Elongation factor 2 (EF-2), also encoded by EFT1; catalyzes ribosomal translocation during protein synthesis; contains diphthamide, the unique posttranslationally modified histidine residue specifically ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin; EFT2 has a paralog, EFT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl037c YPL037C EGD1 Subunit beta1 of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC); involved in protein targeting, associated with cytoplasmic ribosomes; enhances DNA binding of the Gal4p activator; homolog of human BTF3b; EGD1 has a paralog, BTT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr193c YHR193C EGD2 Alpha subunit of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC); involved in protein sorting and translocation; associated with cytoplasmic ribosomes
ynl327w YNL327W EGT2 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall endoglucanase; required for proper cell separation after cytokinesis; expression is activated by Swi5p and tightly regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner
ydr036c YDR036C EHD3 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase; member of a family of enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerases; non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; phosphorylated; mutation affects fluid-phase endocytosis
ybr177c YBR177C EHT1 Acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferase; plays a minor role in medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester biosynthesis; possesses short-chain esterase activity; localizes to lipid particles and the mitochondrial outer membrane; EHT1 has a paralog, EEB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr031c YMR031C EIS1 Component of the eisosome required for proper eisosome assembly; similar to Uso1p; authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in a phosphorylated state in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from plasma membrane to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; EIS1 has a paralog, YKL050C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr147w YDR147W EKI1 Ethanolamine kinase; primarily responsible for phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis via the CDP-ethanolamine pathway; exhibits some choline kinase activity, thus contributing to phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the CDP-choline pathway; EKI1 has a paralog, CKI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl230c YNL230C ELA1 Elongin A; F-box protein that forms a heterodimer with Elc1p and is required for ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the RNA Polymerase II subunit Rpo21p; subunit of the Elongin-Cullin-Socs (ECS) ligase complex
ypl046c YPL046C ELC1 Elongin C, conserved among eukaryotes; forms a complex with Cul3p that polyubiquitylates monoubiquitylated RNA polymerase II to trigger its proteolysis; plays a role in global genomic repair
ykl160w YKL160W ELF1 Transcription elongation factor with a conserved zinc finger domain; implicated in the maintenance of proper chromatin structure in actively transcribed regions; deletion inhibits Brome mosaic virus (BMV) gene expression
yor144c YOR144C ELG1 Subunit of an alternative replication factor C complex; important for DNA replication and genome integrity; suppresses spontaneous DNA damage; involved in homologous recombination-mediated repair and telomere homeostasis; required for PCNA (Pol30p) unloading during DNA replication
ykl048c YKL048C ELM1 Serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cellular morphogenesis; septin behavior, and cytokinesis; required for the regulation of other kinases, such as Kin4p; forms part of the bud neck ring
yjl196c YJL196C ELO1 Elongase I, medium-chain acyl elongase; catalyzes carboxy-terminal elongation of unsaturated C12-C16 fatty acyl-CoAs to C16-C18 fatty acids; ELO1 has a paralog, FEN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr200c YGR200C ELP2 Subunit of Elongator complex; Elongator is required for modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA; target of Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin
ypl086c YPL086C ELP3 Subunit of Elongator complex; Elongator is required for modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA; exhibits histone acetyltransferase activity that is directed to histones H3 and H4; disruption confers resistance to K. lactis zymotoxin
ypl101w YPL101W ELP4 Subunit of hexameric RecA-like ATPase Elp456 Elongator subcomplex; which is required for modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA; required for Elongator structural integrity
ymr312w YMR312W ELP6 Subunit of hexameric RecA-like ATPase Elp456 Elongator subcomplex; which is required for modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA; required for Elongator structural integrity
ycl045c YCL045C EMC1 Member of conserved endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex; involved in efficient folding of proteins in the ER; null mutant displays induction of the unfolded protein response; interacts with Gal80p; homologous to worm H17B01.4/EMC-1, fly CG2943, and human KIAA0090
yjr088c YJR088C EMC2 Member of conserved ER transmembrane complex; required for efficient folding of proteins in the ER; null mutant displays induction of the unfolded protein response; homologous to worm Y57G7A.10/EMC-2, fly CG17556, human TTC35
ykl207w YKL207W EMC3 Member of conserved ER transmembrane complex; required for efficient folding of proteins in the ER; required for respiratory growth; null mutant displays induction of the unfolded protein response; homologous to worm Y62E10A.10/EMC-3, fly CG6750, human TMEM111
ygl231c YGL231C EMC4 Member of conserved ER transmembrane complex; required for efficient folding of proteins in the ER; null mutant displays induction of the unfolded protein response; homologous to worm ZK616.6/EMC-4, fly CG11137, human TMM85
yil027c YIL027C EMC5 Member of conserved ER transmembrane complex; required for efficient folding of proteins in the ER; null mutant displays induction of the unfolded protein response, and also shows K1 killer toxin resistance; homologous to worm B0334.15/EMC-5, fly CG15168, human MMGT
yll014w YLL014W EMC6 Member of conserved ER transmembrane complex; required for efficient folding of proteins in the ER; null mutant displays induction of the unfolded protein response; homologous to worm F33D4.7/EMC-6, fly CG11781, human TMEM93
ydr512c YDR512C EMI1 Non-essential protein of unknown function; required for transcriptional induction of the early meiotic-specific transcription factor IME1, also required for sporulation; contains twin cysteine-x9-cysteine motifs
ydr516c YDR516C EMI2 Non-essential protein of unknown function; required for transcriptional induction of the early meiotic-specific transcription factor IME1; required for sporulation; expression regulated by glucose-repression transcription factors Mig1/2p; EMI2 has a paralog, GLK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yol071w YOL071W EMI5 Subunit of succinate dehydrogenase; complex couples succinate oxidation to ubiquinone reduction; required for FAD cofactor attachment to Sdh1p; mutations in human ortholog PGL2 are associated with neuroendocrine tumors (paraganglioma)
ygl200c YGL200C EMP24 Component of the p24 complex; role in misfolded protein quality control; binds to GPI anchor proteins and mediates their efficient transport from the ER to the Golgi; integral membrane protein that associates with endoplasmic reticulum-derived COPII-coated vesicles
ylr080w YLR080W EMP46 Integral membrane component of ER-derived COPII-coated vesicles; functions in ER to Golgi transport; EMP46 has a paralog, EMP47, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfl048c YFL048C EMP47 Integral membrane component of ER-derived COPII-coated vesicles; functionS in ER to Golgi transport; EMP47 has a paralog, EMP46, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer140w YER140W EMP65 ER membrane protein of unknown function; forms an ER-membrane associated protein complex with Slp1p; identified along with SLP1 in a screen for mutants defective in the unfolded protein response (UPR); proposed to function in the folding of integral membrane proteins; interacts genetically with MPS1; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ylr083c YLR083C EMP70 Protein with a role in cellular adhesion and filamentous growth; also endosome-to-vacuole sorting; similar to Tmn3p; member of Transmembrane Nine family of proteins with 9 transmembrane segments; EMP70 has a paralog, TMN2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol158c YOL158C ENB1 Endosomal ferric enterobactin transporter; expressed under conditions of iron deprivation; member of the major facilitator superfamily; expression is regulated by Rcs1p and affected by chloroquine treatment
ynl084c YNL084C END3 EH domain-containing protein involved in endocytosis; actin cytoskeletal organization and cell wall morphogenesis; forms a complex with Sla1p and Pan1p
ygr254w YGR254W ENO1 Enolase I, a phosphopyruvate hydratase; catalyzes conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during glycolysis and the reverse reaction during gluconeogenesis; expression repressed in response to glucose; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; ENO1 has a paralog, ENO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl161w YDL161W ENT1 Epsin-like protein involved in endocytosis and actin patch assembly; functionally redundant with Ent2p; binds clathrin via a clathrin-binding domain motif at C-terminus; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; ENT1 has a paralog, ENT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr206w YLR206W ENT2 Epsin-like protein required for endocytosis and actin patch assembly; functionally redundant with Ent1p; contains clathrin-binding motif at C-terminus; ENT2 has a paralog, ENT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr125c YJR125C ENT3 Protein containing an N-terminal epsin-like domain; involved in clathrin recruitment and traffic between the Golgi and endosomes; associates with the clathrin adaptor Gga2p
yll038c YLL038C ENT4 Protein of unknown function; contains an N-terminal epsin-like domain; proposed to be involved in the trafficking of Arn1p in the absence of ferrichrome
ydr153c YDR153C ENT5 Protein containing an N-terminal epsin-like domain; involved in clathrin recruitment and traffic between the Golgi and endosomes; associates with the clathrin adaptor Gga2p, clathrin adaptor complex AP-1, and clathrin
ylr065c YLR065C ENV10 Protein proposed to be involved in vacuolar functions; putative role in secretory protein quality control; mutant shows defect in CPY processing; YLR065C is not an essential gene
ygr071c YGR071C ENV11 Protein proposed to be involved in vacuolar functions; mutant shows defect in CPY processing and fragmented vacuoles; deletion mutant has increased glycogen accumulation and displays elongated buds; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus; ENV11 has a paralog, VID22, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl236c YPL236C ENV7 Vacuolar membrane protein kinase; negatively regulates membrane fusion; associates with vacuolar membrane through palmitoylation of one or more cysteines in consensus sequence; vacuolar membrane association is essential to its kinase activity; mutant shows defect in CPY processing; ortholog of human serine/threonine kinase 16 (STK16)
yor246c YOR246C ENV9 Protein proposed to be involved in vacuolar functions; mutant shows defect in CPY processing and defects in vacuolar morphology; has similarity to oxidoreductases, found in lipid particles; required for replication of Brome mosaic virus in S. cerevisiae, a model system for studying replication of positive-strand RNA viruses in their natural hosts
ynl080c YNL080C EOS1 Protein involved in N-glycosylation; deletion mutation confers sensitivity to exidative stress and shows synthetic lethality with mutations in the spindle checkpoint genes BUB3 and MAD1; YNL080C is not an essential gene
yil005w YIL005W EPS1 ER protein with chaperone and co-chaperone activity; involved in retention of resident ER proteins; has a role in recognizing proteins targeted for ER-associated degradation (ERAD), member of the protein disulfide isomerase family
yhr123w YHR123W EPT1 sn-1,2-diacylglycerol ethanolamine- and cholinephosphotranferase; not essential for viability; EPT1 has a paralog, CPT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr032w YHR032W ERC1 Member of the multi-drug and toxin extrusion (MATE) family; the MATE family is part of the multidrug/oligosaccharidyl-lipid/polysaccharide (MOP) exporter superfamily; overproduction confers ethionine resistance and accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine
ydr414c YDR414C ERD1 Predicted membrane protein required for lumenal ER protein retention; mutants secrete the endogenous ER protein, BiP (Kar2p)
ylr246w YLR246W ERF2 Subunit of a palmitoyltransferase; this complex adds a palmitoyl lipid moiety to heterolipidated substrates such as Ras1p and Ras2p through a thioester linkage; mutants partially mislocalize Ras2p to the vacuole; palmitoyltransferase is composed of Erf2p and Shr5p
ymr202w YMR202W ERG2 C-8 sterol isomerase; catalyzes the isomerization of the delta-8 double bond to the delta-7 position at an intermediate step in ergosterol biosynthesis
ynl280c YNL280C ERG24 C-14 sterol reductase; acts in ergosterol biosynthesis; mutants accumulate the abnormal sterol ignosterol (ergosta-8,14 dienol), and are viable under anaerobic growth conditions but inviable on rich medium under aerobic conditions
yer044c YER044C ERG28 Endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein; may facilitate protein-protein interactions between the Erg26p dehydrogenase and the Erg27p 3-ketoreductase and/or tether these enzymes to the ER, also interacts with Erg6p
ylr056w YLR056W ERG3 C-5 sterol desaturase; glycoprotein that catalyzes the introduction of a C-5(6) double bond into episterol, a precursor in ergosterol biosynthesis; mutants are viable, but cannot grow on non-fermentable carbon sources; substrate of the HRD ubiquitin ligase
ygl012w YGL012W ERG4 C-24(28) sterol reductase; catalyzes the final step in ergosterol biosynthesis; mutants are viable, but lack ergosterol
ymr015c YMR015C ERG5 C-22 sterol desaturase; a cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain in ergosterol biosynthesis; may be a target of azole antifungal drugs
yml008c YML008C ERG6 Delta(24)-sterol C-methyltransferase; converts zymosterol to fecosterol in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway by methylating position C-24; localized to lipid particles, the plasma membrane-associated endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitochondrial outer membrane
yfr041c YFR041C ERJ5 Type I membrane protein with a J domain; required to preserve the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum; loss of the non-essential ERJ5 gene leads to a constitutively induced unfolded protein response
yar002c-a YAR002C-A ERP1 Member of the p24 family involved in ER to Golgi transport; role in misfolded protein quality control; forms heterotrimeric complex with Erp2p, Emp24p, and Erv25p; localized to COPII-coated vesicles; ERP1 has a paralog, ERP6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal007c YAL007C ERP2 Member of the p24 family involved in ER to Golgi transport; similar to Emp24p and Erv25p; role in misfolded protein quality control; forms a heterotrimeric complex with Erp1p, Emp24p, and Erv25p; localized to COPII-coated vesicles; ERP2 has a paralog, ERP4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl018c YDL018C ERP3 Protein with similarity to Emp24p and Erv25p; member of the p24 family involved in ER to Golgi transport
yor016c YOR016C ERP4 Member of the p24 family involved in ER to Golgi transport; similar to Emp24p and Erv25p; ERP4 has a paralog, ERP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr110w YHR110W ERP5 Protein with similarity to Emp24p and Erv25p; member of the p24 family involved in ER to Golgi transport
ygl002w YGL002W ERP6 Member of the p24 family involved in ER to Golgi transport; similar to Emp24p and Erv25p; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; ERP6 has a paralog, ERP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr075c YCR075C ERS1 Protein with similarity to human cystinosin; cystinosin is a H(+)-driven transporter involved in L-cystine export from lysosomes and implicated in the disease cystinosis; contains seven transmembrane domains
ybr239c YBR239C ERT1 Transcriptional regulator of nonfermentable carbon utilization; GFP-fusion protein localizes to cytoplasm, nucleus; null mutation affects periodicity of transcriptional and metabolic oscillation; plays role in restricting Ty1 transposition
ygl054c YGL054C ERV14 COPII-coated vesicle protein; involved in vesicle formation and incorporation of specific secretory cargo; required for the delivery of bud-site selection protein Axl2p to cell surface; related to Drosophila cornichon; ERV14 has a paralog, ERV15, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr210w YBR210W ERV15 Protein involved in export of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum; ERV15 has a paralog, ERV14, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr037c YPR037C ERV2 Flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase localized to the ER lumen; involved in disulfide bond formation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
yml012w YML012W ERV25 Member of the p24 family involved in ER to Golgi transport; role in misfolded protein quality control; forms a heterotrimeric complex with Erp1, Erp2p, and Emp24,
ygr284c YGR284C ERV29 Protein localized to COPII-coated vesicles; involved in vesicle formation and incorporation of specific secretory cargo; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yml067c YML067C ERV41 Protein localized to COPII-coated vesicles; forms a complex with Erv46p; involved in the membrane fusion stage of transport; has homology to human ERGIC2 (PTX1) protein
yal042w YAL042W ERV46 Protein localized to COPII-coated vesicles; forms a complex with Erv41p; involved in the membrane fusion stage of transport
ynl125c YNL125C ESBP6 Protein with similarity to monocarboxylate permeases; appears not to be involved in transport of monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate or acetate across the plasma membrane
ymr219w YMR219W ESC1 Protein localized to the nuclear periphery; involved in telomeric silencing; interacts with PAD4-domain of Sir4p
ydr363w YDR363W ESC2 Sumo-like domain protein; prevents accumulation of toxic intermediates during replication-associated recombinational repair; roles in silencing, lifespan, chromatid cohesion and the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint; RENi family member
yol017w YOL017W ESC8 Protein involved in telomeric and mating-type locus silencing; interacts with Sir2p and also interacts with Gal11p, which is a component of the RNA pol II mediator complex; ESC8 has a paralog, IOC3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr096w YKR096W ESL2 Protein of unknown function; interacts with Pex14p; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm; predicted to contain a PINc domain; ESL2 has a paralog, ESL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr233c YLR233C EST1 TLC1 RNA-associated factor involved in telomere length regulation; recruitment subunit of telomerase; has G-quadruplex promoting activity required for telomere elongation; possible role in activating telomere-bound Est2p-TLC1-RNA; EST1 has a paralog, EBS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr318w YLR318W EST2 Reverse transcriptase subunit of the telomerase holoenzyme; essential for telomerase core catalytic activity, involved in other aspects of telomerase assembly and function; mutations in human homolog are associated with aplastic anemia
yil009c-a YIL009C-A EST3 Component of the telomerase holoenzyme; involved in telomere replication
yhl010c YHL010C ETP1 Putative protein of unknown function required for growth on ethanol; contains a zinc finger region and has homology to human BRAP2, which is a cytoplasmic protein that binds nuclear localization sequences
ybr026c YBR026C ETR1 2-enoyl thioester reductase; member of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family; localized to in mitochondria, where it has a probable role in fatty acid synthesis
yor051c YOR051C ETT1 Nuclear protein that inhibits replication of Brome mosaic virus; S. cerevisiae is a model system for studying replication of positive-strand RNA viruses in their natural hosts; deletion increases stop codon readthrough
ydr518w YDR518W EUG1 Protein disulfide isomerase of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen; EUG1 has a paralog, PDI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; function overlaps with that of Pdi1p; may interact with nascent polypeptides in the ER
ylr300w YLR300W EXG1 Major exo-1,3-beta-glucanase of the cell wall; involved in cell wall beta-glucan assembly; exists as three differentially glycosylated isoenzymes; EXG1 has a paralog, SPR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr261c YDR261C EXG2 Exo-1,3-beta-glucanase; involved in cell wall beta-glucan assembly; may be anchored to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor
yor033c YOR033C EXO1 5'-3' exonuclease and flap-endonuclease; involved in recombination, double-strand break repair, MMS2 error-free branch of the post replication (PRR) pathway and DNA mismatch repair; role in telomere maintenance; member of the Rad2p nuclease family, with conserved N and I nuclease domains; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; EXO1 has a paralog, DIN7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr163w YBR163W EXO5 Mitochondrial 5'-3' exonuclease and sliding exonuclease; required for mitochondrial genome maintenance; distantly related to the RecB nuclease domain of bacterial RecBCD recombinases; may be regulated by the transcription factor Ace2
yor317w YOR317W FAA1 Long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase; activates imported fatty acids with a preference for C12:0-C16:0 chain lengths; functions in long chain fatty acid import; accounts for most acyl-CoA synthetase activity; localized to lipid particles; involved in sphingolipid-to-glycerolipid metabolism; forms ER foci upon DNA replication stress; FAA1 has a paralog, FAA4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil009w YIL009W FAA3 Long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase; activates imported fatty acids; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery
ymr246w YMR246W FAA4 Long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase; activates imported fatty acids with a preference for C12:0-C16:0 chain lengths; functions in long chain fatty acid import; important for survival during stationary phase; localized to lipid particles; involved in sphingolipid-to-glycerolipid metabolism; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress; FAA4 has a paralog, FAA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr019w YFR019W FAB1 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase; vacuolar membrane kinase that generates phosphatidylinositol (3,5)P2, which is involved in vacuolar sorting and homeostasis
ynl023c YNL023C FAP1 Protein that binds to Fpr1p; confers rapamycin resistance by competing with rapamycin for Fpr1p binding; accumulates in the nucleus upon treatment of cells with rapamycin; has similarity to D. melanogaster shuttle craft and human NFX1
yjl157c YJL157C FAR1 CDK inhibitor and nuclear anchor; during the cell cycle Far1p sequesters the GEF Cdc24p in the nucleus; phosphorylation by Cdc28p-Cln results in SCFCdc4 complex-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation, releasing Cdc24p for export and activation of GTPase Cdc42p; in response to pheromone, phosphorylation of Far1p by MAPK Fus3p results in association with, and inhibition of Cdc28p-Cln, as well as Msn5p mediated nuclear export of Far1p-Cdc24p, targeting Cdc24p to polarity sites
ynl127w YNL127W FAR11 Protein involved in recovery from cell cycle arrest; acts in response to pheromone; also involved in regulation of intra-S DNA damage checkpoint and autophagy; is essential for dephosphorylation of Atg13p; interacts with Far3p, Far7p, Far8p, Far9p, Far10p and with the phosphatases Pph21p, Pph22p and Pph3p; has similarity to the N- and C-termini of N. crassa HAM-2; similar to human Fam40A and Fam40B
ymr052w YMR052W FAR3 Protein of unknown function; involved in recovery from cell cycle arrest in response to pheromone, in a Far1p-independent pathway; interacts with Far7p, Far8p, Far9p, Far10p, and Far11p; localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yfr008w YFR008W FAR7 Protein involved in recovery from pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest; acts in a Far1p-independent pathway; interacts with Far3p, Far8p, Far9p, Far10p, and Far11p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr029c YMR029C FAR8 Protein involved in recovery from arrest in response to pheromone; acts in a cell cycle arrest recovery pathway independent from Far1p; interacts with Far3p, Far7p, Far9p, Far10p, and Far11p
ybr041w YBR041W FAT1 Very long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and fatty acid transporter; activates imported fatty acids with a preference for very long lengths (C20-C26); has a separate function in the transport of long chain fatty acids
ykl187c YKL187C FAT3 Protein required for fatty acid uptake; protein abundance increases in cortical patches in response to oleate exposure; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in a phosphorylated state in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; FAT3 has a paralog, YLR413W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer183c YER183C FAU1 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase; involved in folic acid biosynthesis
ylr377c YLR377C FBP1 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; key regulatory enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway, required for glucose metabolism; undergoes either proteasome-mediated or autophagy-mediated degradation depending on growth conditions; glucose starvation results in redistribution to the periplasm; interacts with Vid30p
yjl155c YJL155C FBP26 Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, required for glucose metabolism; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykr016w YKR016W FCJ1 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein, ortholog of mammalian mitofilin; involved in import of intermembrane space (IMS) proteins, probably by positioning Mia40p relative to the TOM complex to receive incoming proteins; also has an essential role in the maintenance of crista junctions and inner membrane architecture, as a component of the mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system (MICOS, MitOS or MINOS), a scaffold-like structure on the IMS side of the inner membrane
ypr062w YPR062W FCY1 Cytosine deaminase; zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil; of biomedical interest because it also catalyzes the deamination of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) to form anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU)
yer056c YER056C FCY2 Purine-cytosine permease; mediates purine (adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine) and cytosine accumulation; relative distribution to the vacuole increases upon DNA replication stress
yer060w YER060W FCY21 Putative purine-cytosine permease; very similar to Fcy2p but cannot substitute for its function
yer060w-a YER060W-A FCY22 Putative purine-cytosine permease; very similar to Fcy2p but cannot substitute for its function
ydr539w YDR539W FDC1 Putative phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase; essential for the decarboxylation of aromatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding vinyl derivatives; homolog of E. coli UbiD; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ycr034w YCR034W FEN1 Fatty acid elongase, involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis; acts on fatty acids of up to 24 carbons in length; mutations have regulatory effects on 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, vacuolar ATPase, and the secretory pathway; FEN1 has a paralog, ELO1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr028c YCR028C FEN2 Plasma membrane H+-pantothenate symporter; confers sensitivity to the antifungal agent fenpropimorph; relocalizes from vacuole to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ybr101c YBR101C FES1 Hsp70 (Ssa1p) nucleotide exchange factor; required for the release of misfolded proteins from the Hsp70 system to the Ub-proteasome machinery for destruction; cytosolic homolog of Sil1p, which is the nucleotide exchange factor for BiP (Kar2p) in the endoplasmic reticulum; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr058w YMR058W FET3 Ferro-O2-oxidoreductase; required for high-affinity iron uptake and involved in mediating resistance to copper ion toxicity, belongs to class of integral membrane multicopper oxidases; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr319c YMR319C FET4 Low-affinity Fe(II) transporter of the plasma membrane
yfl041w YFL041W FET5 Multicopper oxidase; integral membrane protein with similarity to Fet3p; may have a role in iron transport
ygr131w YGR131W FHN1 Protein of unknown function; induced by ketoconazole; promoter region contains sterol regulatory element motif, which has been identified as a Upc2p-binding site; overexpression complements function of Nce102p in NCE102 deletion strain; FHN1 has a paralog, NCE102, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr040w YBR040W FIG1 Integral membrane protein required for efficient mating; may participate in or regulate the low affinity Ca2+ influx system, which affects intracellular signaling and cell-cell fusion during mating
ycr089w YCR089W FIG2 Cell wall adhesin, expressed specifically during mating; may be involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity during mating; FIG2 has a paralog, AGA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl325c YNL325C FIG4 Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns[3,5]P) phosphatase; required for efficient mating and response to osmotic shock; physically associates with and regulated by Vac14p; contains a SAC1-like domain
ydr130c YDR130C FIN1 Spindle pole body-related intermediate filament protein; forms cell cycle-specific filaments between spindle pole bodies in dividing cells; localizes to poles and microtubules of spindle during anaphase and contributes to spindle stability; involved in Glc7p localization and regulation; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yer032w YER032W FIR1 Protein involved in 3' mRNA processing; interacts with Ref2p; APCC(Cdh1) substrate; potential Cdc28p substrate
yil065c YIL065C FIS1 Protein involved in mitochondrial fission and peroxisome abundance; required for localization of Dnm1p and Mdv1p during mitochondrial division; mediates ethanol-induced apoptosis and ethanol-induced mitochondrial fragmentation
ydr534c YDR534C FIT1 Mannoprotein that is incorporated into the cell wall; incorporated via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor; involved in the retention of siderophore-iron in the cell wall
yor382w YOR382W FIT2 Mannoprotein that is incorporated into the cell wall; incorporated via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor; involved in the retention of siderophore-iron in the cell wall
yor383c YOR383C FIT3 Mannoprotein that is incorporated into the cell wall; incorporated via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor; involved in the retention of siderophore-iron in the cell wall
yil131c YIL131C FKH1 Forkhead family transcription factor; minor role in expression of G2/M phase genes; negatively regulates transcription elongation; positive role in chromatin silencing at HML, HMR; facilitates clustering and activation of early-firing replication origins; binds to recombination enhancer near HML, regulates donor preference during mating-type switching; relocalizes to cytosol in response to hypoxia; FKH1 has a paralog, FKH2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl068c YNL068C FKH2 Forkhead family transcription factor; plays a major role in the expression of G2/M phase genes; positively regulates transcriptional elongation; facilitates clustering and activation of early-firing replication origins; negative role in chromatin silencing at HML and HMR; substrate of the Cdc28p/Clb5p kinase; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; FKH2 has a paralog, FKH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr342w YLR342W FKS1 Catalytic subunit of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase; functionally redundant with alternate catalytic subunit Gsc2p; binds to regulatory subunit Rho1p; involved in cell wall synthesis and maintenance; localizes to sites of cell wall remodeling; FKS1 has a paralog, GSC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr306w YMR306W FKS3 Protein involved in spore wall assembly; has similarity to 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase catalytic subunits Fks1p and Gsc2p; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ypl221w YPL221W FLC1 Putative FAD transporter; required for uptake of FAD into endoplasmic reticulum; involved in cell wall maintenance; FLC1 has a paralog, FLC3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal053w YAL053W FLC2 Putative FAD transporter; required for uptake of FAD into endoplasmic reticulum; involved in cell wall maintenance; FLC2 has a paralog, YOR365C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl139w YGL139W FLC3 Putative FAD transporter, similar to Flc1p and Flc2p; localized to the ER; FLC3 has a paralog, FLC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr404w YLR404W FLD1 Seipin protein; involved in lipid droplet morphology, number, and size; proposed to be involved in lipid metabolism; related to the human BSCL2 which is associated with lipodystrophy
yar050w YAR050W FLO1 Lectin-like protein involved in flocculation; cell wall protein that binds mannose chains on the surface of other cells, confers floc-forming ability that is chymotrypsin sensitive and heat resistant; FLO1 has a paralog, FLO5, that arose from a segmental duplication
ykr102w YKR102W FLO10 Member of the FLO family of cell wall flocculation proteins; not expressed in most lab strains; overproduction induces flocculation that can be inhibited by mannose, sucrose, or glucose; overproduction also promotes haploid invasive growth and diploid filamentous growth
yir019c YIR019C FLO11 GPI-anchored cell surface glycoprotein (flocculin); required for pseudohyphal formation, invasive growth, flocculation, and biofilms; transcriptionally regulated by the MAPK pathway (via Ste12p and Tec1p) and the cAMP pathway (via Flo8p); required for formation of fibrous interconnections between cells in a colony of a wild S. cerevisiae strain; a portion is cleaved and shed from cells, and free extracellular Flo11p contributes to the surface properties of cells
yer109c YER109C FLO8 Transcription factor; required for flocculation, diploid filamentous growth, and haploid invasive growth; genome reference strain S288C and most laboratory strains have a nonsense mutation in this gene
yer108c YER109C FLO8 Transcription factor; required for flocculation, diploid filamentous growth, and haploid invasive growth; genome reference strain S288C and most laboratory strains have a nonsense mutation in this gene
ybr008c YBR008C FLR1 Plasma membrane transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; involved in efflux of fluconazole, diazaborine, benomyl, methotrexate, and other drugs; expression induced in cells treated with the mycotoxin patulin; relocalizes from nucleus to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress
yil134w YIL134W FLX1 Protein required for transport of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD); a synthesis product of riboflavin, across the mitochondrial membrane
yil098c YIL098C FMC1 Mitochondrial matrix protein; required for assembly or stability at high temperature of the F1 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase; null mutant temperature sensitive growth on glycerol is suppressed by multicopy expression of Odc1p
yhr176w YHR176W FMO1 Flavin-containing monooxygenase; localized to the cytoplasmic face of the ER membrane; catalyzes oxidation of biological thiols to maintain the ER redox buffer ratio for correct folding of disulfide-bonded proteins
yer182w YER182W FMP10 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ydr070c YDR070C FMP16 Protein of unknown function; may be involved in responding to conditions of stress; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr269c YBR269C FMP21 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ybr047w YBR047W FMP23 Putative protein of unknown function; proposed to be involved in iron or copper homeostasis; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ylr077w YLR077W FMP25 Protein required for assembly of respiratory complex III; mitochondrial inner membrane protein; required for an early step in assembly of respiratory complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex); mRNA is targeted to mitochondria
ylr454w YLR454W FMP27 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ypl103c YPL103C FMP30 Protein with a role in maintaining mitochondrial morphology; also involved in maintaining normal cardiolipin levels; mitochondrial inner membrane protein; proposed to be involved in N-acylethanolamine metabolism; related to mammalian N-acylPE-specific phospholipase D
yfl046w YFL046W FMP32 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yjl161w YJL161W FMP33 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygl080w YGL080W FMP37 Highly conserved subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier; a mitochondrial inner membrane complex comprised of Fmp37p/Mpc1p and either Mpc2p or Fmp43p/Mpc3p mediates mitochondrial pyruvate uptake; null mutant displays slow growth that is complemented by expression of human or mouse ortholog; mutation in human ortholog is associated with lactic acidosis and hyperpyruvatemia
ypl222w YPL222W FMP40 Putative protein of unknown function; proposed to be involved in responding to environmental stresses; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ynl168c YNL168C FMP41 Putative protein of unknown function; GFP-fusion protein is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygr243w YGR243W FMP43 Highly conserved subunit of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier; more highly expressed in glucose-containing minimal medium than in lactate-containing medium; expression regulated by osmotic and alkaline stresses; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; FMP43 has a paralog, MPC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl222c YDL222C FMP45 Integral membrane protein localized to mitochondria; required for sporulation and maintaining sphingolipid content; similar to SUR7; FMP45 has a paralog, YNL194C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr049c YKR049C FMP46 Putative redox protein containing a thioredoxin fold; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygr052w YGR052W FMP48 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; induced by treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation
yer004w YER004W FMP52 Protein of unknown function; localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane; induced by treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation
ymr020w YMR020W FMS1 Polyamine oxidase; converts spermine to spermidine, which is required for the essential hypusination modification of translation factor eIF-5A; also involved in pantothenic acid biosynthesis
ybl013w YBL013W FMT1 Methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase; catalyzes the formylation of initiator Met-tRNA in mitochondria; potential Cdc28p substrate
ydr110w YDR110W FOB1 Nucleolar protein that binds the rDNA replication fork barrier site; required for replication fork blocking, recombinational hotspot activity, condensin recruitment to replication fork barrier (RFB), and rDNA repeat segregation; related to retroviral integrases
ykr009c YKR009C FOX2 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and enoyl-CoA hydratase; multifunctional enzyme of the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway
ynr047w YNR047W FPK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase; regulates the putative phospholipid translocases Lem3p-Dnf1p/Dnf2p; phosphorylates and inhibits upstream inhibitory kinase, Ypk1p; localizes to the cytoplasm, early endosome/TGN compartments, and plasma membrane; FPK1 has a paralog, KIN82, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl135c YNL135C FPR1 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase); binds to the drugs FK506 and rapamycin; also binds to the nonhistone chromatin binding protein Hmo1p and may regulate its assembly or function
ydr519w YDR519W FPR2 Membrane-bound peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase); binds to the drugs FK506 and rapamycin; expression pattern suggests possible involvement in ER protein trafficking; relocalizes from nucleus to vacuole upon DNA replication stress
yml074c YML074C FPR3 Nucleolar peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase); FK506 binding protein; phosphorylated by casein kinase II (Cka1p-Cka2p-Ckb1p-Ckb2p) and dephosphorylated by Ptp1p; FPR3 has a paralog, FPR4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr449w YLR449W FPR4 Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase); proline isomerase localized to nucleus; catalyzes isomerization of proline residues in histones H3 and H4, which affects lysine methylation of those histones; FPR4 has a paralog, FPR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll043w YLL043W FPS1 Aquaglyceroporin, plasma membrane channel; involved in efflux of glycerol and xylitol, and in uptake of acetic acid and the trivalent metalloids arsenite and antimonite; role in mediating passive diffusion of glycerol is key factor in maintenance of redox balance; member of major intrinsic protein (MIP) family; phosphorylated by Hog1p MAPK under acetate stress; deletion improves xylose fermentation
yll029w YLL029W FRA1 Protein involved in negative regulation of iron regulon transcription; forms an iron independent complex with Fra2p, Grx3p, and Grx4p; cytosolic; mutant fails to repress transcription of iron regulon and is defective in spore formation
ygl220w YGL220W FRA2 Protein involved in negative regulation of iron regulon transcription; forms an iron independent complex with Fra2p, Grx3p, and Grx4p; null mutant fails to repress iron regulon and is sensitive to nickel
yel047c YEL047C FRD1 Soluble fumarate reductase; required with isoenzyme Osm1p for anaerobic growth; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; similar to Arxula adeninovorans fumarate reductase; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; FRD1 has a paralog, OSM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr214w YLR214W FRE1 Ferric reductase and cupric reductase; reduces siderophore-bound iron and oxidized copper prior to uptake by transporters; expression induced by low copper and iron levels
ykl220c YKL220C FRE2 Ferric reductase and cupric reductase; reduces siderophore-bound iron and oxidized copper prior to uptake by transporters; expression induced by low iron levels but not by low copper levels
yor381w YOR381W FRE3 Ferric reductase; reduces siderophore-bound iron prior to uptake by transporters; expression induced by low iron levels
ynr060w YNR060W FRE4 Ferric reductase; reduces a specific subset of siderophore-bound iron prior to uptake by transporters; expression induced by low iron levels
yor384w YOR384W FRE5 Putative ferric reductase with similarity to Fre2p; expression induced by low iron levels; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yll051c YLL051C FRE6 Putative ferric reductase with similarity to Fre2p; expression induced by low iron levels
yol152w YOL152W FRE7 Putative ferric reductase with similarity to Fre2p; expression induced by low copper levels
ylr047c YLR047C FRE8 Protein with sequence similarity to iron/copper reductases; involved in iron homeostasis; deletion mutant has iron deficiency/accumulation growth defects; expression increased in the absence of copper-responsive transcription factor Mac1p
ypl141c YPL141C FRK1 Protein kinase of unknown cellular role; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; interacts with rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis factors and the long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase Faa3p; FRK1 has a paralog, KIN4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor324c YOR324C FRT1 Tail-anchored ER membrane protein of unknown function; substrate of the phosphatase calcineurin; interacts with homolog Frt2p; promotes cell growth in stress conditions, possibly via a role in posttranslational translocation; FRT1 has a paralog, FRT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal028w YAL028W FRT2 Tail-anchored ER membrane protein of unknown function; interacts with homolog Frt1p; promotes growth in conditions of high Na+, alkaline pH, or cell wall stress, possibly via a role in posttranslational translocation; potential Cdc28p substrate; FRT2 has a paralog, FRT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor271c YOR271C FSF1 Putative protein; predicted to be an alpha-isopropylmalate carrier; belongs to the sideroblastic-associated protein family; non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria; likely to play a role in iron homeostasis
yhr049w YHR049W FSH1 Putative serine hydrolase; localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm; sequence is similar to S. cerevisiae Fsh2p and Fsh3p and the human candidate tumor suppressor OVCA2
ymr222c YMR222C FSH2 Putative serine hydrolase that localizes to the cytoplasm; sequence is similar to S. cerevisiae Fsh1p and Fsh3p and the human candidate tumor suppressor OVCA2
yor280c YOR280C FSH3 Putative serine hydrolase; likely target of Cyc8p-Tup1p-Rfx1p transcriptional regulation; sequence is similar to S. cerevisiae Fsh1p and Fsh2p and the human candidate tumor suppressor OVCA2
ybr207w YBR207W FTH1 Putative high affinity iron transporter; involved in transport of intravacuolar stores of iron; forms complex with Fet5p; expression is regulated by iron; proposed to play indirect role in endocytosis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yer145c YER145C FTR1 High affinity iron permease; involved in the transport of iron across the plasma membrane; forms complex with Fet3p; expression is regulated by iron; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ycr076c YCR076C FUB1 Putative protein of unknown function; interacts physically with multiple subunits of the 20S proteasome and genetically with genes encoding 20S core particle and 19S regulatory particle subunits; exhibits boundary activity which blocks the propagation of heterochromatic silencing; contains a PI31 proteasome regulator domain and sequence similarity with human PSMF1, a proteasome inhibitor; not an essential gene
ybl042c YBL042C FUI1 High affinity uridine permease, localizes to the plasma membrane; also mediates low but significant transport of the cytotoxic nucleoside analog 5-fluorouridine; not involved in uracil transport; relative distribution to the vacuole increases upon DNA replication stress
ypl262w YPL262W FUM1 Fumarase; converts fumaric acid to L-malic acid in the TCA cycle; cytosolic and mitochondrial distribution determined by the N-terminal targeting sequence, protein conformation, and status of glyoxylate shunt; phosphorylated in mitochondria
yal035w YAL035W FUN12 Translation initiation factor eIF5B; GTPase that promotes Met-tRNAiMet binding to ribosomes and ribosomal subunit joining; promotes GTP-dependent maturation of 18S rRNA by Nob1p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; homolog of bacterial IF2
yal008w YAL008W FUN14 Mitochondrial protein of unknown function
yal034c YAL034C FUN19 Non-essential protein of unknown function; expression induced in response to heat stress; FUN19 has a paralog, YOR338W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal022c YAL022C FUN26 Vacuolar membrane transporter with broad nucleoside selectivity; may regulate balance of nicotinamide riboside (NmR) levels between cytosol and vacuole, contributing to salvage of NmR for use in cytosolic NAD+ synthesis
yal019w YAL019W FUN30 Snf2p family member with ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity; has a role in silencing at the mating type locus, telomeres and centromeres; enriched at centromeres and is required for correct chromatin structure around centromeres, as well as at the boundary element of the silent HMR; recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) where it promotes 5' strand resection of DSBs; potential Cdc28p substrate
ybr021w YBR021W FUR4 Plasma membrane localized uracil permease; expression is tightly regulated by uracil levels and environmental cues; conformational alterations induced by unfolding or substrate binding result in Rsp5p-mediated ubiquitination and degradation
ycl027w YCL027W FUS1 Membrane protein localized to the shmoo tip; required for cell fusion; expression regulated by mating pheromone; proposed to coordinate signaling, fusion, and polarization events required for fusion; potential Cdc28p substrate
ymr232w YMR232W FUS2 Cell fusion regulator; cytoplasmic protein localized to shmoo tip; required for alignment of parental nuclei before nuclear fusion during mating; contains a Dbl-homology domain; binds specifically with activated Cdc42p
ybl016w YBL016W FUS3 Mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase involved in mating; phosphoactivated by Ste7p; substrates include Ste12p, Far1p, Bni1p, Sst2p; inhibits invasive growth during mating by phosphorylating Tec1p, promoting its; inhibits recruitment of Ste5p, Cdc42p-mediated asymmetry and mating morphogenesis
ydr024w YDR024W FYV1 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; mutation decreases survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin
yil097w YIL097W FYV10 Subunit of GID complex; involved in proteasome-dependent catabolite inactivation of gluconeogenic enzymes FBPase, PEPCK, and c-MDH; forms dimer with Rmd5p that is then recruited to GID Complex by Gid8p; contains a degenerate RING finger motif needed for GID complex ubiquitin ligase activity in vivo, as well as CTLH and CRA domains; plays role in anti-apoptosis; required for survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin
yor183w YOR183W FYV12 Protein of unknown function; required for survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin
yhr059w YHR059W FYV4 Protein of unknown function; required for survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin
ycl058c YCL058C FYV5 Protein involved in regulation of the mating pathway; binds with Matalpha2p to promoters of haploid-specific genes; required for survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin; involved in ion homeostasis
ynl133c YNL133C FYV6 Protein of unknown function; required for survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin; proposed to regulate double-strand break repair via non-homologous end-joining
ylr068w YLR068W FYV7 Essential protein required for maturation of 18S rRNA; required for survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin
ygr196c YGR196C FYV8 Protein of unknown function; required for survival upon exposure to K1 killer toxin
ygl254w YGL254W FZF1 Transcription factor involved in sulfite metabolism; sole identified regulatory target is SSU1; overexpression suppresses sulfite-sensitivity of many unrelated mutants due to hyperactivation of SSU1, contains five zinc fingers; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr179c YBR179C FZO1 Mitofusin; integral membrane protein involved in mitochondrial outer membrane tethering and fusion; role in mitochondrial genome maintenance; efficient tethering and degradation of Fzo1p requires an intact N-terminal GTPase domain; targeted for destruction by the ubiquitin ligase SCF-Mdm30p and the cytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system
yor178c YOR178C GAC1 Regulatory subunit for Glc7p type-1 protein phosphatase (PP1); tethers Glc7p to Gsy2p glycogen synthase, binds Hsf1p heat shock transcription factor, required for induction of some HSF-regulated genes under heat shock; GAC1 has a paralog, PIG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr250w YMR250W GAD1 Glutamate decarboxylase; converts glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) during glutamate catabolism; involved in response to oxidative stress
ybr020w YBR020W GAL1 Galactokinase; phosphorylates alpha-D-galactose to alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate in the first step of galactose catabolism; expression regulated by Gal4p; GAL1 has a paralog, GAL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr019c YBR019C GAL10 UDP-glucose-4-epimerase; catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-D-glucose in galactose metabolism; also catalyzes the conversion of alpha-D-glucose or alpha-D-galactose to their beta-anomers
yol051w YOL051W GAL11 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; affects transcription by acting as target of activators and repressors; forms part of the tail domain of mediator
ylr081w YLR081W GAL2 Galactose permease; required for utilization of galactose; also able to transport glucose
ydr009w YDR009W GAL3 Transcriptional regulator; involved in activation of the GAL genes in response to galactose; forms a complex with Gal80p to relieve Gal80p inhibition of Gal4p; binds galactose and ATP but does not have galactokinase activity; GAL3 has a paralog, GAL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl248c YPL248C GAL4 DNA-binding transcription factor required for activating GAL genes; responds to galactose; repressed by Gal80p and activated by Gal3p
ybr018c YBR018C GAL7 Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase; synthesizes glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-galactose from UDP-D-glucose and alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate in the second step of galactose catabolism
yml051w YML051W GAL80 Transcriptional regulator involved in the repression of GAL genes; involved in the repression of GAL genes in the absence of galactose; inhibits transcriptional activation by Gal4p; inhibition relieved by Gal3p or Gal1p binding
yer027c YER027C GAL83 One of three possible beta-subunits of the Snf1 kinase complex; allows nuclear localization of the Snf1 kinase complex in the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source; contains glycogen-binding domain; GAL83 has a paralog, SIP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr039w YKR039W GAP1 General amino acid permease; Gap1p senses the presence of amino acid substrates to regulate localization to the plasma membrane when needed; essential for invasive growth
ymr307w YMR307W GAS1 Beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase; required for cell wall assembly and also has a role in transcriptional silencing; localizes to the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor; also found at the nuclear periphery
ylr343w YLR343W GAS2 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase; involved with Gas4p in spore wall assembly; has similarity to Gas1p
ymr215w YMR215W GAS3 Putative 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase; has similarity go other GAS family members; low abundance, possibly inactive member of the GAS family of GPI-containing proteins; localizes to the cell wall; mRNA induced during sporulation
yol132w YOL132W GAS4 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase; involved with Gas2p in spore wall assembly; has similarity to Gas1p; localizes to the cell wall
yol030w YOL030W GAS5 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase; has similarity to Gas1p; localizes to the cell wall
yfl021w YFL021W GAT1 Transcriptional activator of genes involved in NCR; contains a GATA-1-type zinc finger DNA-binding motif; activity and localization regulated by nitrogen limitation and Ure2p; NCR is short for nitrogen catabolite repression
ymr136w YMR136W GAT2 Protein containing GATA family zinc finger motifs; similar to Gln3p and Dal80p; expression repressed by leucine
ylr013w YLR013W GAT3 Protein containing GATA family zinc finger motifs; involved in spore wall assembly; sequence similarity to GAT4, and the double mutant gat3 gat4 exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants
yir013c YIR013C GAT4 Protein containing GATA family zinc finger motifs; involved in spore wall assembly; sequence similarity to GAT3, and the double mutant gat3 gat4 exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants
ycl011c YCL011C GBP2 Poly(A+) RNA-binding protein; involved in the export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; similar to Npl3p; also binds single-stranded telomeric repeat sequence in vitro; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; GBP2 has a paralog, HRB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer163c YER163C GCG1 Gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase; cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of glutathione to yield 5-oxoproline and a Cys-Gly dipeptide; similar to mammalian pro-apoptotic protein ChaC1; expression of mouse ChaC1 in yeast increases apoptosis; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; periodically expressed during the metabolic cycle
ygl195w YGL195W GCN1 Positive regulator of the Gcn2p kinase activity; forms a complex with Gcn20p; proposed to stimulate Gcn2p activation by an uncharged tRNA
ydr283c YDR283C GCN2 Protein kinase; phosphorylates the alpha-subunit of translation initiation factor eIF2 (Sui2p) in response to starvation; activated by uncharged tRNAs and the Gcn1p-Gcn20p complex; contributes to DNA damage checkpoint control
yfr009w YFR009W GCN20 Positive regulator of the Gcn2p kinase activity; forms a complex with Gcn1p; proposed to stimulate Gcn2p activation by an uncharged tRNA
ykr026c YKR026C GCN3 Alpha subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2B; the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for eIF2; activity subsequently regulated by phosphorylated eIF2; first identified as a positive regulator of GCN4 expression
yel009c YEL009C GCN4 bZIP transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes; activator responds to amino acid starvation; expression is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels
ygr252w YGR252W GCN5 Catalytic subunit of ADA and SAGA histone acetyltransferase complexes; acetyltransferase, modifies N-terminal lysines on histones H2B and H3; acetylates Rsc4p, a subunit of the RSC chromatin-remodeling complex, altering replication stress tolerance; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; mutant displays reduced transcription elongation in the G-less-based run-on (GLRO) assay; greater involvement in repression of RNAPII-dependent transcription than in activati
ynl199c YNL199C GCR2 Transcriptional activator of genes involved in glycolysis; interacts and functions with the DNA-binding protein Gcr1p
ydl226c YDL226C GCS1 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein (ARF GAP); involved in ER-Golgi transport; required for prospore membrane formation; regulates phospholipase Spo14p; shares functional similarity with Glo3p; GCS1 has a paralog, SPS18, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr019c YDR019C GCV1 T subunit of the mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex; glycine decarboxylase is required for the catabolism of glycine to 5,10-methylene-THF; expression is regulated by levels of levels of 5,10-methylene-THF in the cytoplasm
ymr189w YMR189W GCV2 P subunit of the mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex; glycine decarboxylase is required for the catabolism of glycine to 5,10-methylene-THF; expression is regulated by levels of 5,10-methylene-THF in the cytoplasm
yal044c YAL044C GCV3 H subunit of the mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex; glycine decarboxylase is required for the catabolism of glycine to 5,10-methylene-THF; also required for all protein lipoylation; expression is regulated by levels of 5,10-methylene-THF
yor120w YOR120W GCY1 Glycerol dehydrogenase; involved in an alternative pathway for glycerol catabolism used under microaerobic conditions; also has mRNA binding activity; member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; GCY1 has a paralog, YPR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel042w YEL042W GDA1 Guanosine diphosphatase located in the Golgi; involved in the transport of GDP-mannose into the Golgi lumen by converting GDP to GMP after mannose is transferred its substrate
ypr184w YPR184W GDB1 Glycogen debranching enzyme; contains glucanotranferase and alpha-1,6-amyloglucosidase activities; required for glycogen degradation; phosphorylated in mitochondria; activity is inhibited by Igd1p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypl110c YPL110C GDE1 Glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho) phosphodiesterase; hydrolyzes GroPCho to choline and glycerolphosphate, for use as a phosphate source and as a precursor for phosphocholine synthesis; may interact with ribosomes
yor375c YOR375C GDH1 NADP(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase; synthesizes glutamate from ammonia and alpha-ketoglutarate; rate of alpha-ketoglutarate utilization differs from Gdh3p; expression regulated by nitrogen and carbon sources; GDH1 has a paralog, GDH3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl215c YDL215C GDH2 NAD(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase; degrades glutamate to ammonia and alpha-ketoglutarate; expression sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression and intracellular ammonia levels; genetically interacts with GDH3 by suppressing stress-induced apoptosis
yal062w YAL062W GDH3 NADP(+)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase; synthesizes glutamate from ammonia and alpha-ketoglutarate; rate of alpha-ketoglutarate utilization differs from Gdh1p; expression regulated by nitrogen and carbon sources; GDH3 has a paralog, GDH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor355w YOR355W GDS1 Protein of unknown function; required for growth on glycerol as a carbon source; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ybr187w YBR187W GDT1 Protein of unknown function involved in calcium homeostasis; localizes to the cis- and medial-Golgi apparatus; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole; TMEM165, a human gene which causes Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation is orthologous and functionally complements the null allele; expression pattern and physical interactions suggest a possible role in ribosome biogenesis; expression reduced in a gcr1 null mutant
yjr031c YJR031C GEA1 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs); involved in vesicular transport between the Golgi and ER, Golgi organization, and actin cytoskeleton organization; GEA1 has a paralog, GEA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr040w YJR040W GEF1 Voltage-gated chloride channel; localized to the golgi, the endosomal system, and plasma membrane; involved in cation homeostasis; highly homologous to vertebrate voltage-gated chloride channels; modulates TBSV model (+) RNA virus replication by regulating copper metabolism
yal048c YAL048C GEM1 Outer mitochondrial membrane GTPase, subunit of the ERMES complex; potential regulatory subunit of the ERMES complex that links the ER to mitochondria and may promote inter-organellar calcium and phospholipid exchange as well as coordinating mitochondrial DNA replication and growth; cells lacking Gem1p contain collapsed, globular, or grape-like mitochondria; ortholog of metazoan Miro GTPases
yor205c YOR205C GEP3 Protein required for mitochondrial ribosome small subunit biogenesis; null mutant is defective in respiration and in maturation of 15S rRNA; protein is localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane; null mutant interacts synthetically with prohibitin (Phb1p)
yhr100c YHR100C GEP4 Mitochondrial phosphatidylglycerophosphatase (PGP phosphatase); dephosphorylates phosphatidylglycerolphosphate to generate phosphatidylglycerol, an essential step during cardiolipin biosynthesis; null mutant is sensitive to tunicamycin, DTT
ylr091w YLR091W GEP5 Protein of unknown function; required for mitochondrial genome maintenance; detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; null mutant has decreased levels of cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine
ygl057c YGL057C GEP7 Protein of unknown function; null mutant exhibits a respiratory growth defect and synthetic interactions with prohibitin (phb1) and gem1; authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygl020c YGL020C GET1 Subunit of the GET complex; involved in insertion of proteins into the ER membrane; required for the retrieval of HDEL proteins from the Golgi to the ER in an ERD2 dependent fashion and for normal mitochondrial morphology and inheritance
yer083c YER083C GET2 Subunit of the GET complex; involved in insertion of proteins into the ER membrane; required for the retrieval of HDEL proteins from the Golgi to the ER in an ERD2 dependent fashion and for meiotic nuclear division
ydl100c YDL100C GET3 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Gpa1p; amplifies G protein signaling; subunit of the GET complex, which is involved in Golgi to ER trafficking and insertion of proteins into the ER membrane; has low-level ATPase activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor164c YOR164C GET4 Protein involved in inserting tail-anchored proteins into ER membranes; forms a complex with Mdy2p; highly conserved across species and homologous to human gene C7orf20
ykr106w YKR106W GEX2 Proton:glutathione antiporter; localized to the vacuolar and plasma membranes; expressed at a very low level; potential role in resistance to oxidative stress and modulation of the PKA pathway; GEX2 has a paralog, GEX1, that arose from a segmental duplication
ymr255w YMR255W GFD1 Coiled-coiled protein of unknown function; identified as a high-copy suppressor of a dbp5 mutation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ycl036w YCL036W GFD2 Protein of unknown function; identified as a high-copy suppressor of a dbp5 mutation; GFD2 has a paralog, YDR514C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr358w YDR358W GGA1 Golgi-localized protein with homology to gamma-adaptin; interacts with and regulates Arf1p and Arf2p in a GTP-dependent manner in order to facilitate traffic through the late Golgi; GGA1 has a paralog, GGA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr108w YHR108W GGA2 Protein that regulates Arf1p, Arf2p to facilitate Golgi trafficking; binds phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, which plays a role in TGN localization; has homology to gamma-adaptin; GGA2 has a paralog, GGA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl198c YDL198C GGC1 Mitochondrial GTP/GDP transporter; essential for mitochondrial genome maintenance; has a role in mitochondrial iron transport; member of the mitochondrial carrier family
yhr061c YHR061C GIC1 Protein involved in initiation of budding and cellular polarization; interacts with Cdc42p via the Cdc42/Rac-interactive binding (CRIB) domain; relocalizes from bud neck to nucleus upon DNA replication stress; GIC1 has a paralog, GIC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr309c YDR309C GIC2 Redundant rho-like GTPase Cdc42p effector; involved in initiation of budding and cellular polarization; interacts with Cdc42p via the Cdc42/Rac-interactive binding (CRIB) domain and with PI(4,5)P2 via a polybasic region; GIC2 has a paralog, GIC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycl039w YCL039W GID7 Subunit of GID Complex that binds directly to central component Vid30p; GID complex is involved in proteasome-dependent catabolite inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; Gid7p contains six WD40 repeats; computational analysis suggests that Gid7p and Moh1p have similar functions
ymr135c YMR135C GID8 Subunit of GID Complex, binds strongly to central component Vid30p; GID Complex is involved in proteasome-dependent catabolite inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; recruits Rmd5p, Fyv10 and Vid28p to GID Complex; contains LisH, CTLH, and CRA domains that mediate binding to Vid30p (LisH) and Rmd5p and Vid28p (CTLH and CRA); dosage-dependent regulator of START
ynl153c YNL153C GIM3 Subunit of the heterohexameric cochaperone prefoldin complex; prefoldin binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin and transfers target proteins to it; prefoldin complex also localizes to chromatin of actively transcribed genes in the nucleus and facilitates transcriptional elongation
yel003w YEL003W GIM4 Subunit of the heterohexameric cochaperone prefoldin complex; complex binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin and transfers target proteins to it
yml094w YML094W GIM5 Subunit of the heterohexameric cochaperone prefoldin complex; prefoldin binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin and transfers target proteins to it; prefoldin complex also localizes to chromatin of actively transcribed genes in the nucleus and facilitates transcriptional elongation
ydr507c YDR507C GIN4 Protein kinase involved in bud growth and assembly of the septin ring; proposed to have kinase-dependent and kinase-independent activities; undergoes autophosphorylation; similar to Hsl1p; GIN4 has a paralog, KCC4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr045c YBR045C GIP1 Meiosis-specific regulatory subunit of the Glc7p protein phosphatase; regulates spore wall formation and septin organization, required for expression of some late meiotic genes and for normal localization of Glc7p
yer054c YER054C GIP2 Putative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase Glc7p; involved in glycogen metabolism; contains a conserved motif (GVNK motif) that is also found in Gac1p, Pig1p, and Pig2p; GIP2 has a paralog, PIG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl137c YPL137C GIP3 Cytoplasmic protein that regulates protein phosphatase 1 Glc7p; overexpression relocalizes Glc7p from the nucleus and prevents chromosome segregation; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; GIP3 has a paralog, HER1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal031c YAL031C GIP4 Cytoplasmic protein that regulates protein phosphatase 1 Glc7p; protein overexpression relocalizes Glc7p from the nucleus and prevents chromosome segregation; potential Cdc28p substrate
ydr152w YDR152W GIR2 Highly-acidic RWD domain-containing protein of unknown function; cytoplasmic; forms a complex with Rbg2p; interacts with Rbg1p and Gcn1p; associates with translating ribosomes; putative intrinsically unstructured protein
ydr096w YDR096W GIS1 Histone demethylase and transcription factor; regulates genes during nutrient limitation; activity modulated by proteasome-mediated proteolysis; has JmjC and JmjN domain in N-terminus that interact, promoting stability and proper transcriptional activity; contains two transactivating domains downstream of Jmj domains and a C-terminal DNA binding domain; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; GIS1 has a paralog, RPH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl255c YNL255C GIS2 Translational activator for mRNAs with internal ribosome entry sites; associates with polysomes and binds to a specific subset of mRNAs; localizes to RNA processing bodies (P bodies) and to stress granules; may have a role in translation regulation under stress conditions; ortholog of human ZNF9/CNBP, a gene involved in myotonic dystrophy type 2
ylr094c YLR094C GIS3 Protein of unknown function
yml006c YML006C GIS4 CAAX box containing protein of unknown function; proposed to be involved in the RAS/cAMP signaling pathway
ycr098c YCR098C GIT1 Plasma membrane permease; mediates uptake of glycerophosphoinositol and glycerophosphocholine as sources of the nutrients inositol and phosphate; expression and transport rate are regulated by phosphate and inositol availability
yel011w YEL011W GLC3 Glycogen branching enzyme, involved in glycogen accumulation; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ymr311c YMR311C GLC8 Regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (Glc7p); involved in glycogen metabolism and chromosome segregation; proposed to regulate Glc7p activity via conformational alteration; ortholog of the mammalian protein phosphatase inhibitor 2; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykr058w YKR058W GLG1 Glycogenin glucosyltransferase; self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen synthesis, also glucosylates n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside; similar to mammalian glycogenin; GLG1 has a paralog, GLG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl137c YJL137C GLG2 Glycogenin glucosyltransferase; self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen synthesis, also glucosylates n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside; similar to mammalian glycogenin; GLG2 has a paralog, GLG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycl040w YCL040W GLK1 Glucokinase; catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose at C6 in the first irreversible step of glucose metabolism; one of three glucose phosphorylating enzymes; expression regulated by non-fermentable carbon sources; GLK1 has a paralog, EMI2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer040w YER040W GLN3 Transcriptional activator of genes regulated by NCR; localization and activity regulated by quality of nitrogen source; NCR stands for nitrogen catabolite repression
yml004c YML004C GLO1 Monomeric glyoxalase I; catalyzes the detoxification of methylglyoxal (a by-product of glycolysis) via condensation with glutathione to produce S-D-lactoylglutathione; expression regulated by methylglyoxal levels and osmotic stress
ydr272w YDR272W GLO2 Cytoplasmic glyoxalase II; catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoylglutathione into glutathione and D-lactate; GLO2 has a paralog, GLO4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer122c YER122C GLO3 ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein (ARF GAP); involved in ER-Golgi transport; shares functional similarity with Gcs1p
yor040w YOR040W GLO4 Mitochondrial glyoxalase II; catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-lactoylglutathione into glutathione and D-lactate; GLO4 has a paralog, GLO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl091w YPL091W GLR1 Cytosolic and mitochondrial glutathione oxidoreductase; converts oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione; cytosolic Glr1p is the main determinant of the glutathione redox state of the mitochondrial intermembrane space; mitochondrial Glr1p has a role in resistance to hyperoxia; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydl171c YDL171C GLT1 NAD(+)-dependent glutamate synthase (GOGAT); synthesizes glutamate from glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate; with Gln1p, forms the secondary pathway for glutamate biosynthesis from ammonia; expression regulated by nitrogen source
yel046c YEL046C GLY1 Threonine aldolase; catalyzes the cleavage of L-allo-threonine and L-threonine to glycine; involved in glycine biosynthesis
ydr506c YDR506C GMC1 Protein involved in meiotic progression; mutants are delayed in meiotic nuclear division and are defective in synaptonemal complex assembly; possible membrane-localized protein
ylr445w YLR445W GMC2 Protein involved in meiotic crossing over; component of the Synaptonemal Complex (SC) along with Ecm11p; required for the efficient loading of the SC transverse filament protein, Zip1p; promotes SUMOylation of Ecm11p; mutants are delayed in meiotic nuclear division and are defective in synaptonemal complex assembly; transcription is regulated by Ume6p and induced in response to alpha factor
ykr030w YKR030W GMH1 Golgi membrane protein of unknown function; interacts with Gea1p and Gea2p; required for localization of Gea2p; computational analysis suggests a possible role in either cell wall synthesis or protein-vacuolar targeting
yhr183w YHR183W GND1 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating); catalyzes an NADPH regenerating reaction in the pentose phosphate pathway; required for growth on D-glucono-delta-lactone and adaptation to oxidative stress; GND1 has a paralog, GND2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr256w YGR256W GND2 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating); catalyzes an NADPH regenerating reaction in the pentose phosphate pathway; required for growth on D-glucono-delta-lactone; GND2 has a paralog, GND1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr508c YDR508C GNP1 High-affinity glutamine permease; also transports Leu, Ser, Thr, Cys, Met and Asn; expression is fully dependent on Grr1p and modulated by the Ssy1p-Ptr3p-Ssy5p (SPS) sensor of extracellular amino acids; GNP1 has a paralog, AGP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor320c YOR320C GNT1 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; capable of modification of N-linked glycans in the Golgi apparatus
yjl184w YJL184W GON7 Component of the EKC/KEOPS protein complex; EKC/KEOPS complex is required for t6A tRNA modification and may have roles in telomere maintenance and transcription; implicated in osmotic stress response; other complex members are Kae1p, Cgi121p, Pcc1p, and Bud32p
ynl274c YNL274C GOR1 Glyoxylate reductase; null mutation results in increased biomass after diauxic shift; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yhl031c YHL031C GOS1 v-SNARE protein involved in Golgi transport; homolog of the mammalian protein GOS-28/GS28
ymr292w YMR292W GOT1 Homodimeric protein that is packaged into COPII vesicles; cycles between the ER and Golgi; involved in secretory transport but not directly required for aspects of transport assayed in vitro; may influence membrane composition
yhr005c YHR005C GPA1 Subunit of the G protein involved in pheromone response; GTP-binding alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein; negatively regulates the mating pathway by sequestering G(beta)gamma and by triggering an adaptive response; activates Vps34p at the endosome; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yer020w YER020W GPA2 Nucleotide binding alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein; interacts with the receptor Gpr1p, has signaling role in response to nutrients; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery
yor371c YOR371C GPB1 Multistep regulator of cAMP-PKA signaling; inhibits PKA downstream of Gpa2p and Cyr1p, thereby increasing cAMP dependency; promotes ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of Ira2p; regulated by G-alpha protein Gpa2p; GPB1 has a paralog, GPB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal056w YAL056W GPB2 Multistep regulator of cAMP-PKA signaling; inhibits PKA downstream of Gpa2p and Cyr1p, thereby increasing cAMP dependency; inhibits Ras activity through direct interactions with Ira1p/2p; regulated by G-alpha protein Gpa2p; GPB2 has a paralog, GPB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl022w YDL022W GPD1 NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; key enzyme of glycerol synthesis, essential for growth under osmotic stress; expression regulated by high-osmolarity glycerol response pathway; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; constitutively inactivated via phosphorylation by the protein kinases YPK1 and YPK2, dephosphorylation increases catalytic activity; GPD1 has a paralog, GPD2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol059w YOL059W GPD2 NAD-dependent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; expression is controlled by an oxygen-independent signaling pathway required to regulate metabolism under anoxic conditions; located in cytosol and mitochondria; constitutively active but is inactivated via phosphorylation by energy-stress responsive kinase SNF1; GPD2 has a paralog, GPD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl121c YGL121C GPG1 Proposed gamma subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein; interacts with the receptor Gpr1p; involved in regulation of pseudohyphal growth; requires Gpb1p or Gpb2p to interact with Gpa2p; overproduction causes prion curing
ypr160w YPR160W GPH1 Glycogen phosphorylase required for the mobilization of glycogen; non-essential; regulated by cyclic AMP-mediated phosphorylation; expression is regulated by stress-response elements and by the HOG MAP kinase pathway
ydl021w YDL021W GPM2 Homolog of Gpm1p phosphoglycerate mutase; converts 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis; may be non-functional; GPM2 has a paralog, GPM3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol056w YOL056W GPM3 Homolog of Gpm1p phosphoglycerate mutase; converts 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis; may be non-functional; GPM3 has a paralog, GPM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil053w YIL053W GPP1 Constitutively expressed DL-glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase; also known as glycerol-1-phosphatase; involved in glycerol biosynthesis, induced in response to both anaerobic and osmotic stress; GPP1 has a paralog, GPP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer062c YER062C GPP2 DL-glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase involved in glycerol biosynthesis; also known as glycerol-1-phosphatase; induced in response to hyperosmotic or oxidative stress, and during diauxic shift; GPP2 has a paralog, GPP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl035c YDL035C GPR1 Plasma membrane G protein coupled receptor (GPCR); interacts with the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit, Gpa2p, and with Plc1p; sensor that integrates nutritional signals with the modulation of cell fate via PKA and cAMP synthesis
ykr067w YKR067W GPT2 Glycerol-3-phosphate/dihydroxyacetone phosphate sn-1 acyltransferase; located in lipid particles and the ER; involved in the stepwise acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone in lipid biosynthesis; the most conserved motifs and functionally relevant residues are oriented towards the ER lumen
ykl026c YKL026C GPX1 Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; induced by glucose starvation that protects cells from phospholipid hydroperoxides and nonphospholipid peroxides during oxidative stress; GPX1 has a paralog, HYR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr244w YBR244W GPX2 Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; protects cells from phospholipid hydroperoxides and nonphospholipid peroxides during oxidative stress; induced by glucose starvation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypl223c YPL223C GRE1 Hydrophilin essential in desiccation-rehydration process; stress induced (osmotic, ionic, oxidative, heat shock and heavy metals); regulated by the HOG pathway; GRE1 has a paralog, SIP18, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol151w YOL151W GRE2 3-methylbutanal reductase and NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal reductase; stress induced (osmotic, ionic, oxidative, heat shock and heavy metals); regulated by the HOG pathway; restores resistance to glycolaldehyde by coupling reduction of glycolaldehyde to ethylene glycol and oxidation of NADPH to NADP+; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent) is also known as D-lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
yhr104w YHR104W GRE3 Aldose reductase; involved in methylglyoxal, d-xylose, arabinose, and galactose metabolism; stress induced (osmotic, ionic, oxidative, heat shock, starvation and heavy metals); regulated by the HOG pathway; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr517w YDR517W GRH1 Acetylated cis-Golgi protein, involved in ER to Golgi transport; homolog of human GRASP65; forms a complex with the coiled-coil protein Bug1p; mutants are compromised for the fusion of ER-derived vesicles with Golgi membranes; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yjr090c YJR090C GRR1 F-box protein component of an SCF ubiquitin-ligase complex; modular substrate specificity factor which associates with core SCF (Cdc53p, Skp1p and Hrt1p/Rbx1p) to form the SCF(Grr1) complex; SCF(Grr1) acts as a ubiquitin-protein ligase directing ubiquitination of substrates such as: Gic2p, Mks1p, Mth1p, Cln1p, Cln2p and Cln3p; involved in carbon catabolite repression, glucose-dependent divalent cation transport, glucose transport, morphogenesis, and sulfite detoxification
ybr121c YBR121C GRS1 Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial glycyl-tRNA synthase; ligates glycine to the cognate anticodon-bearing tRNA; transcription termination factor that may interact with the 3'-end of pre-mRNA to promote 3'-end formation; GRS1 has a paralog, GRS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycl035c YCL035C GRX1 Glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreductase; hydroperoxide and superoxide-radical responsive, heat-stable, with active site cysteine pair; protects cells from oxidative damage; GRX1 has a paralog, GRX2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr513w YDR513W GRX2 Cytoplasmic glutaredoxin; thioltransferase, glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreductase involved in maintaining redox state of target proteins, also exhibits glutathione peroxidase activity, expression induced in response to stress; GRX2 has two in-frame start codons resulting in a shorter isoform that is retained in the cytosol and a longer form translocated to the mitochondrial matrix; GRX2 has a paralog, GRX1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr098c YDR098C GRX3 Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase; hydroperoxide and superoxide-radical responsive; monothiol glutaredoxin subfamily member along with Grx4p and Grx5p; protects cells from oxidative damage; with Grx4p, binds to Aft1p in iron-replete conditions, promoting its dissociation from promoters; evidence exists indicating that the translation start site is not Met1 as currently annotated, but rather Met36; GRX3 has a paralog, GRX4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer174c YER174C GRX4 Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase; hydroperoxide and superoxide-radical responsive; monothiol glutaredoxin subfamily member along with Grx3p and Grx5p; protects cells from oxidative damage; with Grx3p, binds to Aft1p in iron-replete conditions, promoting its dissociation from promoters; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; transcription regulated by Yap5p; GRX4 has a paralog, GRX3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl059w YPL059W GRX5 Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase; hydroperoxide and superoxide-radical responsive; mitochondrial matrix protein involved in the synthesis/assembly of iron-sulfur centers; monothiol glutaredoxin subfamily member along with Grx3p and Grx4p
ydl010w YDL010W GRX6 Cis-golgi localized monothiol glutaredoxin, binds Fe-S cluster; more similar in activity to dithiol than other monothiol glutaredoxins; involved in the oxidative stress response; GRX6 has a paralog, GRX7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr014c YBR014C GRX7 Cis-golgi localized monothiol glutaredoxin; more similar in activity to dithiol than other monothiol glutaredoxins; involved in the oxidative stress response; does not bind metal ions; GRX7 has a paralog, GRX6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr364w YLR364W GRX8 Glutaredoxin that employs a dithiol mechanism of catalysis; monomeric; activity is low and null mutation does not affect sensitivity to oxidative stress; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; expression strongly induced by arsenic
ygr032w YGR032W GSC2 Catalytic subunit of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase; involved in formation of the inner layer of the spore wall; activity positively regulated by Rho1p and negatively by Smk1p; GSC2 has a paralog, FKS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml048w YML048W GSF2 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized integral membrane protein; may promote secretion of certain hexose transporters, including Gal2p; involved in glucose-dependent repression
yjl101c YJL101C GSH1 Gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase; catalyzes the first step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis; expression induced by oxidants, cadmium, and mercury; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yol049w YOL049W GSH2 Glutathione synthetase; catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of glutathione (GSH) from gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine; induced by oxidative stress and heat shock
yjl103c YJL103C GSM1 Putative zinc cluster protein of unknown function; proposed to be involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, based on patterns of expression and sequence analysis
yor185c YOR185C GSP2 GTP binding protein (mammalian Ranp homolog); involved in the maintenance of nuclear organization, RNA processing and transport; interacts with Kap121p, Kap123p and Pdr6p (karyophilin betas); not required for viability; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; GSP2 has a paralog, GSP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr015c YFR015C GSY1 Glycogen synthase; expression induced by glucose limitation, nitrogen starvation, environmental stress, and entry into stationary phase; GSY1 has a paralog, GSY2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ylr258w YLR258W GSY2 Glycogen synthase; expression induced by glucose limitation, nitrogen starvation, heat shock, and stationary phase; activity regulated by cAMP-dependent, Snf1p and Pho85p kinases as well as by the Gac1p-Glc7p phosphatase; GSY2 has a paralog, GSY1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relocalizes from cytoplasm to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress
ydr221w YDR221W GTB1 Glucosidase II beta subunit, forms a complex with alpha subunit Rot2p; involved in removal of two glucose residues from N-linked glycans during glycoprotein biogenesis in the ER; relocalizes from ER to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ygr102c YGR102C GTF1 Subunit of the trimeric GatFAB AmidoTransferase(AdT) complex; involved in the formation of Q-tRNAQ; transposon insertion mutant is salt sensitive and null mutant has growth defects; non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria
ygr154c YGR154C GTO1 Omega-class glutathione transferase; induced under oxidative stress; putative peroxisomal localization
ymr251w YMR251W GTO3 Omega class glutathione transferase; putative cytosolic localization
yml121w YML121W GTR1 Cytoplasmic GTPase; forms a heterodimer with Gtr2p to stimulate TORC1 in response to amino acids; component of GSE complex, which is required for sorting of Gap1p; involved in phosphate transport and telomeric silencing; similar to human RagA and RagB
ygr163w YGR163W GTR2 Putative GTP binding protein; negatively regulates Ran/Tc4 GTPase cycle; activates transcription; subunit of EGO and GSE complexes; required for sorting of Gap1p; localizes to cytoplasm and to chromatin; homolog of human RagC and RagD
ygl181w YGL181W GTS1 Protein involved in Arf3p regulation and in transcription regulation; localizes to the nucleus and to endocytic patches; contains an N-terminal Zn-finger and ArfGAP homology domain, a C-terminal glutamine-rich region, and a UBA (ubiquitin associated) domain; gts1 mutations affect budding, cell size, heat tolerance, sporulation, life span, ultradian rhythms, endocytosis; expression oscillates in a pattern similar to metabolic oscillations
yir038c YIR038C GTT1 ER associated glutathione S-transferase capable of homodimerization; expression induced during the diauxic shift and throughout stationary phase; functional overlap with Gtt2p, Grx1p, and Grx2p
yll060c YLL060C GTT2 Glutathione S-transferase capable of homodimerization; functional overlap with Gtt2p, Grx1p, and Grx2p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yel017w YEL017W GTT3 Protein of unknown function may be involved in glutathione metabolism; function suggested by computational analysis of large-scale protein-protein interaction data; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the nuclear periphery
ydl238c YDL238C GUD1 Guanine deaminase; a catabolic enzyme of the guanine salvage pathway producing xanthine and ammonia from guanine; activity is low in exponentially-growing cultures but expression is increased in post-diauxic and stationary-phase cultures
ylr289w YLR289W GUF1 Mitochondrial matrix GTPase; associates with mitochondrial ribosomes; important for translation under temperature and nutrient stress; may have a role in translational fidelity; similar to bacterial LepA elongation factor
ygl084c YGL084C GUP1 Plasma membrane protein involved in remodeling GPI anchors; member of the MBOAT family of putative membrane-bound O-acyltransferases; role in misfolded protein quality control; proposed to be involved in glycerol transport; GUP1 has a paralog, GUP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl189w YPL189W GUP2 Probable membrane protein; possible role in proton symport of glycerol; member of the MBOAT family of putative membrane-bound O-acyltransferases; GUP2 has a paralog, GUP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl032c YHL032C GUT1 Glycerol kinase; converts glycerol to glycerol-3-phosphate; glucose repression of expression is mediated by Adr1p and Ino2p-Ino4p; derepression of expression on non-fermentable carbon sources is mediated by Opi1p and Rsf1p
yil155c YIL155C GUT2 Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; expression is repressed by both glucose and cAMP and derepressed by non-fermentable carbon sources in a Snf1p, Rsf1p, Hap2/3/4/5 complex dependent manner
yil041w YIL041W GVP36 BAR domain-containing protein that localizes to Golgi vesicles; the Golgi vesicles it localizes to are both early and late; required for adaptation to varying nutrient concentrations, fluid-phase endocytosis, polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, and vacuole biogenesis
ymr192w YMR192W GYL1 Putative GTPase activating protein (GAP) with a role in exocytosis; stimulates Gyp5p GAP activity on Ypt1p, colocalizes with Gyp5p at sites of polarized growth; interacts with Gyp5p, Rvs161p, and Rvs167p; involved in recruiting Rvs167p to the bud tip during polarized growth; increases in abundance and relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; GYL1 has a paralog, GYP5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor070c YOR070C GYP1 Cis-golgi GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for yeast Rabs; the Rab family members are Ypt1p (in vivo) and for Ypt1p, Sec4p, Ypt7p, and Ypt51p (in vitro); involved in vesicle docking and fusion
ypl249c YPL249C GYP5 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for yeast Rab family members; involved in ER to Golgi trafficking; exhibits GAP activity toward Ypt1p that is stimulated by Gyl1p, also acts on Sec4p; interacts with Gyl1p, Rvs161p and Rvs167p; involved in recruiting Rvs167p to the bud tip during polarized growth; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; GYP5 has a paralog, GYL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl044c YJL044C GYP6 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for yeast Rab family member Ypt6p; involved in vesicle mediated protein transport
ydl234c YDL234C GYP7 GTPase-activating protein for yeast Rab family members; members include Ypt7p (most effective), Ypt1p, Ypt31p, and Ypt32p (in vitro); involved in vesicle mediated protein trafficking
yfl027c YFL027C GYP8 GTPase-activating protein for yeast Rab family members; Ypt1p is the preferred in vitro substrate but also acts on Sec4p, Ypt31p and Ypt32p; involved in the regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle transport
yjl110c YJL110C GZF3 GATA zinc finger protein; negatively regulates nitrogen catabolic gene expression by competing with Gat1p for GATA site binding; function requires a repressive carbon source; dimerizes with Dal80p and binds to Tor1p; GZF3 has a paralog, DAL80, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr008w YPR008W HAA1 Transcriptional activator involved in adaptation to weak acid stress; activates transcription of TPO2, YRO2, and other genes encoding membrane stress proteins; HAA1 has a paralog, CUP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relocalizes from cytoplasm to nucleus upon DNA replication stress
yfl031w YFL031W HAC1 Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (ATF/CREB1 homolog); regulates the unfolded protein response, via UPRE binding, and membrane biogenesis; ER stress-induced splicing pathway facilitates efficient Hac1p synthesis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypr005c YPR005C HAL1 Cytoplasmic protein involved in halotolerance; decreases intracellular Na+ (via Ena1p) and increases intracellular K+ by decreasing efflux; expression repressed by Ssn6p-Tup1p and Sko1p and induced by NaCl, KCl, and sorbitol through Gcn4p
yjl165c YJL165C HAL5 Putative protein kinase; overexpression increases sodium and lithium tolerance, whereas gene disruption increases cation and low pH sensitivity and impairs potassium uptake, suggesting a role in regulation of Trk1p and/or Trk2p transporters; HAL5 has a paralog, KKQ8, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol089c YOL089C HAL9 Putative transcription factor containing a zinc finger; overexpression increases salt tolerance through increased expression of the ENA1 (Na+/Li+ extrusion pump) gene while gene disruption decreases both salt tolerance and ENA1 expression; HAL9 has a paralog, TBS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr069c YJR069C HAM1 Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase; active against a wide range of substrates including ITP, dITP and XTP; mediates exclusion of noncanonical purines and pyrimidines from deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools; functions together with YJL055W to mediate resistance to 5-FU; specifically reduces the incorporation of 5-FU into RNA without affecting uptake or incorporation of uracil into RNA; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygl237c YGL237C HAP2 Subunit of the Hap2p/3p/4p/5p CCAAT-binding complex; complex is heme-activated and glucose-repressed; complex is a transcriptional activator and global regulator of respiratory gene expression; contains sequences sufficient for both complex assembly and DNA binding
ybl021c YBL021C HAP3 Subunit of the Hap2p/3p/4p/5p CCAAT-binding complex; complex is heme-activated and glucose-repressed; complex is a transcriptional activator and global regulator of respiratory gene expression; contains sequences contributing to both complex assembly and DNA binding
ykl109w YKL109W HAP4 Transcription factor; subunit of the heme-activated, glucose-repressed Hap2p/3p/4p/5p CCAAT-binding complex, a transcriptional activator and global regulator of respiratory gene expression; provides the principal activation function of the complex; involved in diauxic shift
yor358w YOR358W HAP5 Subunit of the Hap2p/3p/4p/5p CCAAT-binding complex; complex is heme-activated and glucose repressed; complex is a transcriptional activator and global regulator of respiratory gene expression; required for assembly and DNA binding activity of the complex
ypl001w YPL001W HAT1 Catalytic subunit of the Hat1p-Hat2p histone acetyltransferase complex; uses the cofactor acetyl coenzyme A to acetylate free nuclear and cytoplasmic histone H4; involved in telomeric silencing and DNA double-strand break repair
yel056w YEL056W HAT2 Subunit of the Hat1p-Hat2p histone acetyltransferase complex; required for high affinity binding of the complex to free histone H4, thereby enhancing Hat1p activity; similar to human RbAp46 and 48; has a role in telomeric silencing
ykr084c YKR084C HBS1 GTPase with similarity to translation release factors; together with binding partner Dom34p, facilitates ribosomal subunit dissociation and peptidyl-tRNA release when translation is stalled; genetically implicated in mRNA no-go decay; HBS1 has a paralog, SKI7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl223c YDL223C HBT1 Shmoo tip protein, substrate of Hub1p ubiquitin-like protein; mutants are defective for mating projection formation, thereby implicating Hbt1p in polarized cell morphogenesis; HBT1 has a paralog, YNL195C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl281w YNL281W HCH1 Heat shock protein regulator; binds to Hsp90p and may stimulate ATPase activity; originally identified as a high-copy number suppressor of a HSP90 loss-of-function mutation; role in regulating Hsp90 inhibitor drug sensitivity; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ycr065w YCR065W HCM1 Forkhead transcription factor; drives S-phase specific expression of genes involved in chromosome segregation, spindle dynamics, and budding; suppressor of calmodulin mutants with specific SPB assembly defects; telomere maintenance role
ylr192c YLR192C HCR1 eIF3j component of translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3); dual function protein involved in translation initiation as a substoichiometric component (eIF3j) of eIF3; required for processing of 20S pre-rRNA; required at post-transcriptional step for efficient retrotransposition; absence results in decreased Ty1 Gag:GFP protein levels; binds to eIF3 subunits Rpg1p and Prt1p and 18S rRNA
ykl017c YKL017C HCS1 Hexameric DNA polymerase alpha-associated DNA helicase A; involved in lagging strand DNA synthesis; contains single-stranded DNA stimulated ATPase and dATPase activities; replication protein A stimulates helicase and ATPase activities
ynl021w YNL021W HDA1 Putative catalytic subunit of a class II histone deacetylase complex; role in azole resistance via Hsp90p, and in the heat shock response; Hda1p interacts with the Hda2p-Hda3p subcomplex to form an active tetramer; deletion increases histone H2B, H3 and H4 acetylation; other members of the HDA1 histone deacetylase complex are Hda2p and Hda3p
ydr295c YDR295C HDA2 Subunit of the HDA1 histone deacetylase complex; possibly tetrameric trichostatin A-sensitive class II histone deacetylase complex contains Hda1p homodimer and an Hda2p-Hda3p heterodimer; involved in telomere maintenance; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ypr179c YPR179C HDA3 Subunit of the HDA1 histone deacetylase complex; possibly tetrameric trichostatin A-sensitive class II histone deacetylase complex contains Hda1p homodimer and an Hda2p-Hda3p heterodimer; required for the activity of the complex; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; similar to Hda2p
ynl014w YNL014W HEF3 Translational elongation factor EF-3; member of the ABC superfamily; stimulates EF-1 alpha-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA by the ribosome; normally expressed in zinc deficient cells; HEF3 has a paralog, YEF3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr458c YDR458C HEH2 Inner nuclear membrane (INM) protein; contains helix-extension-helix (HEH) motif, nuclear localization signal sequence; targeting to the INM requires the Srp1p-Kap95p karyopherins and the Ran cycle; HEH2 has a paralog, SRC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl032w YBL032W HEK2 RNA binding protein involved in asymmetric localization of ASH1 mRNA; represses translation of ASH1 mRNA, an effect reversed by Yck1p-dependent phosphoryation; regulates telomere position effect and length; similarity to hnRNP-K
ykr017c YKR017C HEL1 RING finger ubiquitin ligase (E3); involved in ubiquitylation and degradation of excess histones; interacts with Ubc4p and Rad53p; null mutant sensitive to hydroxyurea (HU)
ydr266c YDR266C HEL2 RING finger ubiquitin ligase (E3); involved in ubiquitylation and degradation of excess histones; interacts with Ubc4p and Rad53p; null mutant sensitive to hydroxyurea (HU); green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; computational analysis suggests a role as a transcription factor
yer014w YER014W HEM14 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase; a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the seventh step in the heme biosynthetic pathway, converting protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX; inhibited by diphenyl ether-type herbicides
yor227w YOR227W HER1 Protein of unknown function; required for proliferation or remodeling of the ER that is caused by overexpression of Hmg2p; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; HER1 has a paralog, GIP3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr293c YMR293C HER2 Subunit of the trimeric GatFAB AmidoTransferase(AdT) complex; involved in the formation of Q-tRNAQ; required for remodeling of ER caused by Hmg2p overexpression; similar to bacterial GatA glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase
yor237w YOR237W HES1 Protein implicated in the regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis; one of a seven member gene family with a common essential function and non-essential unique functions; similar to human oxysterol binding protein (OSBP); HES1 has a paralog, KES1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr207c YMR207C HFA1 Mitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase; catalyzes production of malonyl-CoA in mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis; relocalizes from mitochondrion to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; HFA1 has a paralog, ACC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr110c YMR110C HFD1 Hexadecenal dehydrogenase; involved in the conversion of sphingosine 1-phosphate breakdown product hexadecenal to hexadecenoic acid; located in the mitochondrial outer membrane and also in lipid particles; has similarity to ALDH3A2, a human fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) mutated in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder
ypl254w YPL254W HFI1 Adaptor protein required for structural integrity of the SAGA complex; a histone acetyltransferase-coactivator complex that is involved in global regulation of gene expression through acetylation and transcription functions
ygl251c YGL251C HFM1 Meiosis specific DNA helicase; involved in the conversion of double-stranded breaks to later recombination intermediates and in crossover control; catalyzes the unwinding of Holliday junctions; has ssDNA and dsDNA stimulated ATPase activity
ygr187c YGR187C HGH1 Nonessential protein of unknown function; predicted to be involved in ribosome biogenesis; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; similar to mammalian BRP16 (Brain protein 16); relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ybr009c YBR009C HHF1 Histone H4; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; one of two identical histone proteins (see also HHF2); contributes to telomeric silencing; N-terminal domain involved in maintaining genomic integrity
ynl030w YNL030W HHF2 Histone H4; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; one of two identical histone proteins (see also HHF1); contributes to telomeric silencing; N-terminal domain involved in maintaining genomic integrity
ypl127c YPL127C HHO1 Histone H1, linker histone with roles in meiosis and sporulation; decreasing levels early in sporulation may promote meiosis, and increasing levels during sporulation facilitate compaction of spore chromatin; binds to promoters and within genes in mature spores; may be recruited by Ume6p to promoter regions, contributing to transcriptional repression outside of meiosis; suppresses DNA repair involving homologous recombination
ybr010w YBR010W HHT1 Histone H3; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly, part of heterochromatin-mediated telomeric and HM silencing; one of two identical histone H3 proteins (see HHT2); regulated by acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation; H3K14 acetylation plays an important role in the unfolding of strongly positioned nucleosomes during repair of UV damage
ynl031c YNL031C HHT2 Histone H3; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly, part of heterochromatin-mediated telomeric and HM silencing; one of two identical histone H3 proteins (see HHT1); regulated by acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation; H3K14 acetylation plays an important role in the unfolding of strongly positioned nucleosomes during repair of UV damage
yel059w YEL059W HHY1 Dubious open reading frame unlikely to encode a functional protein; mutant is hypersensitive to hygromycin B indicative of defects in vacuolar trafficking
ydr317w YDR317W HIM1 Protein of unknown function involved in DNA repair
ybl008w YBL008W HIR1 Subunit of the HIR complex; HIR is a nucleosome assembly complex involved in regulation of histone gene transcription; contributes to nucleosome formation, heterochromatic gene silencing, and formation of functional kinetochores
yor038c YOR038C HIR2 Subunit of HIR nucleosome assembly complex; involved in regulation of histone gene transcription; recruits Swi-Snf complexes to histone gene promoters; promotes heterochromatic gene silencing with Asf1p; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
yjr140c YJR140C HIR3 Subunit of the HIR complex; a nucleosome assembly complex involved in regulation of histone gene transcription; involved in position-dependent gene silencing and nucleosome reassembly; ortholog of human CABIN1 protein
yer055c YER055C HIS1 ATP phosphoribosyltransferase; a hexameric enzyme, catalyzes the first step in histidine biosynthesis; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts; transcription is regulated by general amino acid control
yfr025c YFR025C HIS2 Histidinolphosphatase; catalyzes the eighth step in histidine biosynthesis; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts; transcription is regulated by general amino acid control
yor202w YOR202W HIS3 Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase; catalyzes the sixth step in histidine biosynthesis; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts; transcription is regulated by general amino acid control via Gcn4p
ycl030c YCL030C HIS4 Multifunctional enzyme containing phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase; phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase, and histidinol dehydrogenase activities; catalyzes the second, third, ninth and tenth steps in histidine biosynthesis
yil116w YIL116W HIS5 Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase; catalyzes the seventh step in histidine biosynthesis; responsive to general control of amino acid biosynthesis; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts
yil020c YIL020C HIS6 Enzyme that catalyzes the fourth step in the histidine pathway; Phosphoribosylformimino-5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide isomerase; mutations cause histidine auxotrophy and sensitivity to Cu, Co, and Ni salts
ybr248c YBR248C HIS7 Imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase; glutamine amidotransferase:cyclase that catalyzes the fifth step of histidine biosynthesis and also produces 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (AICAR), a purine precursor
yjr055w YJR055W HIT1 Protein of unknown function; required for growth at high temperature
ydr420w YDR420W HKR1 Mucin family member that functions as an osmosensor in the HOG pathway; functions in the Sho1p-mediated HOG pathway with Msb2p; proposed to be a negative regulator of filamentous growth; mutant displays defects in beta-1,3 glucan synthesis and bud site selection
ymr161w YMR161W HLJ1 Co-chaperone for Hsp40p; anchored in the ER membrane; with its homolog Ydj1p promotes ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) of integral membrane substrates; similar to E. coli DnaJ
ydr528w YDR528W HLR1 Protein involved in regulation of cell wall composition and integrity; also involved in cell wall response to osmotic stress; overproduction suppresses a lysis sensitive PKC mutation; similar to Lre1p, which functions antagonistically to protein kinase A; <br>HLR1 has a paralog, LRE1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer057c YER057C HMF1 Member of the p14.5 protein family; functionally complements Mmf1p function when targeted to mitochondria; heat shock inducible; high-dosage growth inhibitor; forms a homotrimer in vitro; HMF1 has a paralog, MMF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml075c YML075C HMG1 HMG-CoA reductase; catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is a rate-limiting step in sterol biosynthesis; one of two isozymes; localizes to the nuclear envelope; overproduction induces the formation of karmellae; forms foci at the nuclear periphery upon DNA replication stress; HMG1 has a paralog, HMG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr450w YLR450W HMG2 HMG-CoA reductase; converts HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a rate-limiting step in sterol biosynthesis; one of two isozymes; overproduction induces assembly of peripheral ER membrane arrays and short nuclear-associated membrane stacks; forms foci at the nuclear periphery upon DNA replication stress; HMG2 has a paralog, HMG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol095c YOL095C HMI1 Mitochondrial inner membrane localized ATP-dependent DNA helicase; required for the maintenance of the mitochondrial genome; not required for mitochondrial transcription; has homology to E. coli helicase uvrD
ydr174w YDR174W HMO1 Chromatin associated high mobility group (HMG) family member; involved in genome maintenance; rDNA-binding component of the Pol I transcription system; associates with a 5'-3' DNA helicase and Fpr1p, a prolyl isomerase; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
yor032c YOR032C HMS1 bHLH protein with similarity to myc-family transcription factors; overexpression confers hyperfilamentous growth and suppresses the pseudohyphal filamentation defect of a diploid mep1 mep2 homozygous null mutant
yjr147w YJR147W HMS2 Protein with similarity to heat shock transcription factors; overexpression suppresses the pseudohyphal filamentation defect of a diploid mep1 mep2 homozygous null mutant; HMS2 has a paralog, SKN7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr034c YBR034C HMT1 Nuclear SAM-dependent mono- and asymmetric methyltransferase; modifies hnRNPs, including Npl3p and Hrp1p, affecting their activity and nuclear export; methylates U1 snRNP protein Snp1p and ribosomal protein Rps2p; interacts genetically with genes encoding components of Rpd3(L) and this interaction is important for Rpd3 recruitment to the subtelomeric region.
ylr205c YLR205C HMX1 ER localized heme oxygenase; involved in heme degradation during iron starvation and in the oxidative stress response; expression is regulated by AFT1 and oxidative stress; relocates to the perinuclear region in the presence of oxidants
ygl077c YGL077C HNM1 Plasma membrane transporter for choline, ethanolamine, and carnitine; involved in the uptake of nitrogen mustard and the uptake of glycine betaine during hypersaline stress; co-regulated with phospholipid biosynthetic genes and negatively regulated by choline and myo-inositol
ydl125c YDL125C HNT1 Adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidase; interacts physically and genetically with Kin28p, a CDK and TFIIK subunit, and genetically with CAK1; member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins and similar to Hint; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr305c YDR305C HNT2 Dinucleoside triphosphate hydrolase; has similarity to the tumor suppressor FHIT and belongs to the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins
yor258w YOR258W HNT3 DNA 5' AMP hydrolase involved in DNA repair; member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins; homolog of Aprataxin, a Hint related protein that is mutated in individuals with ataxia with oculomotor apraxia; relative distribution to nuclear foci decreases upon DNA replication stress
ydl227c YDL227C HO Site-specific endonuclease; required for gene conversion at the MAT locus (homothallic switching) through the generation of a ds DNA break; expression restricted to mother cells in late G1 as controlled by Swi4p-Swi6p, Swi5p, and Ash1p
yjr075w YJR075W HOC1 Alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase; involved in cell wall mannan biosynthesis; subunit of a Golgi-localized complex that also contains Anp1p, Mnn9p, Mnn11p, and Mnn10p; identified as a suppressor of a cell lysis sensitive pkc1-371 allele
ymr032w YMR032W HOF1 SH3 domain-containing protein required for cytokinesis; localized to bud neck; phosphorylated by Dbf2p; regulates actomyosin ring dynamics and septin localization; interacts with the formins, Bni1p and Bnr1p, and with Cyk3p, Vrp1p, and Bni5p
ylr113w YLR113W HOG1 Mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in osmoregulation; controls global reallocation of RNA Pol II in osmotic shock; activates CDC28 by stimulating transcription of an antisense RNA; mediates recruitment and activation of RNA Pol II at Hot1p-dependent promoters; localization regulated by Ptp2p and Ptp3p; nuclear form represses pseudohyphal growth; can be regulated via autophosphorylation; protein abundance increases under DNA replication stress
ynr055c YNR055C HOL1 Putative transporter in the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; mutations in membrane-spanning domains permit cation and histidinol uptake
ydr158w YDR158W HOM2 Aspartic beta semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase; catalyzes the second step in the common pathway for methionine and threonine biosynthesis; expression regulated by Gcn4p and the general control of amino acid synthesis
yer052c YER052C HOM3 Aspartate kinase (L-aspartate 4-P-transferase); cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the common pathway for methionine and threonine biosynthesis; expression regulated by Gcn4p and the general control of amino acid synthesis
yjr139c YJR139C HOM6 Homoserine dehydrogenase (L-homoserine:NADP oxidoreductase); dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the third step in the common pathway for methionine and threonine biosynthesis; enzyme has nucleotide-binding, dimerization and catalytic regions
yil072w YIL072W HOP1 Meiosis-specific protein required for chromosome synapsis; displays Red1p dependent localization to the unsynapsed axial-lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex; required for chiasma formation; in vitro, displays the ability to promote intra- and intermolecular synapsis between double-stranded DNA molecules and to fold DNA into rigid protein-DNA filaments
ygl033w YGL033W HOP2 Meiosis-specific protein that localizes to chromosomes; preventing synapsis between nonhomologous chromosomes and ensuring synapsis between homologs; complexes with Mnd1p to promote homolog pairing and meiotic double-strand break repair
ymr251w-a YMR251W-A HOR7 Protein of unknown function; overexpression suppresses Ca2+ sensitivity of mutants lacking inositol phosphorylceramide mannosyltransferases Csg1p and Csh1p; transcription is induced under hyperosmotic stress and repressed by alpha factor; HOR7 has a paralog, DDR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr068c YPR068C HOS1 Class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) family member; deacetylates Smc3p on lysine residues at anaphase onset; has sequence similarity to Hda1p, Rpd3p, Hos2p, and Hos3p; interacts with the Tup1p-Ssn6p corepressor complex
ygl194c YGL194C HOS2 Histone deacetylase and subunit of Set3 and Rpd3L complexes; required for gene activation via specific deacetylation of lysines in H3 and H4 histone tails; subunit of the Set3 complex, a meiotic-specific repressor of sporulation specific genes that contains deacetylase activity; co-localizes with Cmr1p in nuclear foci in response to DNA damage by MMS
ypl116w YPL116W HOS3 Trichostatin A-insensitive homodimeric histone deacetylase (HDAC); specificity in vitro for histones H3, H4, H2A, and H2B; similar to Hda1p, Rpd3p, Hos1p, and Hos2p; deletion results in increased histone acetylation at rDNA repeats
yil112w YIL112W HOS4 Subunit of the Set3 complex; complex is a meiotic-specific repressor of sporulation specific genes that contains deacetylase activity; potential Cdc28p substrate
ymr172w YMR172W HOT1 Transcription factor for glycerol biosynthetic genes; required for the transient induction of glycerol biosynthetic genes GPD1 and GPP2 in response to high osmolarity; targets Hog1p to osmostress responsive promoters; has similarity to Msn1p and Gcr1p
ykl084w YKL084W HOT13 Zinc-binding mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) protein; involved in a disulfide relay system for IMS import of cysteine-containing proteins; binds Mia40p and stimulates its Erv1p-dependent oxidation, probably by sequestering zinc
ypr193c YPR193C HPA2 Tetrameric histone acetyltransferase; has similarity to Gcn5p, Hat1p, Elp3p, and Hpa3p; acetylates histones H3 and H4 in vitro and exhibits autoacetylation activity; also acetylates polyamines
yel066w YEL066W HPA3 D-Amino acid N-acetyltransferase that detoxifies D-amino acids; catalyzes N-acetylation of D-amino acids through ordered bi-bi mechanism in which acetyl-CoA is first substrate bound and CoA is last product liberated; acetylates histones and polyamines, also autoacetylates; experiments in the W303 strain indicate that translation may begin at the Met codon currently annotated as Met-19
ybr215w YBR215W HPC2 Subunit of the HIR complex; HIR is a nucleosome assembly complex involved in regulation of histone gene transcription; mutants display synthetic defects with subunits of FACT, a complex that allows passage of RNA Pol II through nucleosomes
yol155c YOL155C HPF1 Haze-protective mannoprotein; reduces the particle size of aggregated proteins in white wines
yil110w YIL110W HPM1 AdoMet-dependent methyltransferase; involved in a novel 3-methylhistidine modification of ribosomal protein Rpl3p; seven beta-strand MTase family member; null mutant exhibits a weak vacuolar protein sorting defect and caspofungin resistance
ydr138w YDR138W HPR1 Subunit of THO/TREX complexes; this complex couple transcription elongation with mitotic recombination and with mRNA metabolism and export, subunit of an RNA Pol II complex; regulates lifespan; involved in telomere maintenance; similar to Top1p
ydr399w YDR399W HPT1 Dimeric hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoribosyl portion of 5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-1-pyrophosphate to a purine base (either guanine or hypoxanthine) to form pyrophosphate and a purine nucleotide (either guanosine monophosphate or inosine monophosphate); mutations in the human homolog HPRT1 can cause Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome
ynl004w YNL004W HRB1 Poly(A+) RNA-binding protein; involved in the export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; similar to Npl3p; HRB1 has a paralog, GBP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol013c YOL013C HRD1 Ubiquitin-protein ligase; functions in ER retention of misfolded proteins; required for ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded proteins; genetically linked to the unfolded protein response (UPR); regulated through association with Hrd3p; contains an H2 ring finger; likely plays a general role in targeting proteins that persistently associate with and potentially obstruct the ER-localized translocon
ylr207w YLR207W HRD3 ER membrane protein that plays a central role in ERAD; forms HRD complex with Hrd1p and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) determinants that engages in lumen to cytosol communication and coordination of ERAD events
yor267c YOR267C HRK1 Protein kinase; implicated in activation of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase Pma1p in response to glucose metabolism; plays a role in ion homeostasis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr291w YDR291W HRQ1 3'-5' DNA helicase that has DNA strand annealing activity; helicase activity is stimulated by fork structure and 3'-tail length of substrates; belongs to the widely conserved RecQ family of proteins which are involved in maintaining genomic integrity; similar to the human RecQ4p implicated in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS)
ylr097c YLR097C HRT3 Putative SCF-ubiquitin ligase F-box protein; based on both genetic and physical interactions and sequence similarity; identified in association with Cdc53p, Skp1p and Ubi4 in large and small-scale studies
ymr186w YMR186W HSC82 Cytoplasmic chaperone of the Hsp90 family; plays a role in determining prion variants; redundant in function and nearly identical with Hsp82p, and together they are essential; expressed constitutively at 10-fold higher basal levels than HSP82 and induced 2-3 fold by heat shock; contains two acid-rich unstructured regions that promote the solubility of chaperone-substrate complexes; HSC82 has a paralog, HSP82, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl002w YHL002W HSE1 Subunit of the endosomal Vps27p-Hse1p complex; complex is required for sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins into intralumenal vesicles prior to vacuolar degradation, as well as for recycling of Golgi proteins and formation of lumenal membranes
ykl101w YKL101W HSL1 Nim1p-related protein kinase; regulates the morphogenesis and septin checkpoints; associates with the assembled septin filament; required along with Hsl7p for bud neck recruitment, phosphorylation, and degradation of Swe1p
ybr133c YBR133C HSL7 Protein arginine N-methyltransferase; exhibits septin and Hsl1p-dependent bud neck localization and periodic Hsl1p-dependent phosphorylation; required along with Hsl1p for bud neck recruitment, phosphorylation, and degradation of Swe1p; relocalizes away from bud neck upon DNA replication stress
ybr272c YBR272C HSM3 Proteasome-interacting protein; involved in the assembly of the base subcomplex of the 19S proteasomal regulatory particle (RP); involved in DNA mismatch repair during slow growth; weak similarity to Msh1p; related to human 19S subunit S5b; structural study suggests Hsm3p is a scaffold protein for Rpt1p-Rpt2p complex formation
yll026w YLL026W HSP104 Disaggregase; heat shock protein that cooperates with Ydj1p (Hsp40) and Ssa1p (Hsp70) to refold and reactivate previously denatured, aggregated proteins; responsive to stresses including: heat, ethanol, and sodium arsenite; involved in [PSI+] propagation; protein becomes more abundant and forms cytoplasmic foci in response to DNA replication stress; potentiated Hsp104p variants decrease TDP-43 proteotoxicity by eliminating its cytoplasmic aggregation
yfl014w YFL014W HSP12 Plasma membrane protein involved in maintaining membrane organization; involved in maintaining organization during stress conditions; induced by heat shock, oxidative stress, osmostress, stationary phase, glucose depletion, oleate and alcohol; protein abundance increased in response to DNA replication stress and dietary restriction; regulated by the HOG and Ras-Pka pathways; required for dietary restriction-induced lifespan extension
yjl159w YJL159W HSP150 O-mannosylated heat shock protein; secreted and covalently attached to the cell wall via beta-1,3-glucan and disulfide bridges; required for cell wall stability; induced by heat shock, oxidative stress, and nitrogen limitation; HSP150 has a paralog, PIR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr072w YBR072W HSP26 Small heat shock protein (sHSP) with chaperone activity; forms hollow, sphere-shaped oligomers that suppress unfolded proteins aggregation; oligomer activation requires heat-induced conformational change; also has mRNA binding activity
ycr021c YCR021C HSP30 Negative regulator of the H(+)-ATPase Pma1p; stress-responsive protein; hydrophobic plasma membrane localized; induced by heat shock, ethanol treatment, weak organic acid, glucose limitation, and entry into stationary phase
ydr533c YDR533C HSP31 Methylglyoxalase that converts methylglyoxal to D-lactate; involved in oxidative stress resistance and expression is induced under oxidative stress; has similarity to E. coli Hsp31 and C. albicans Glx3p; member of the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily, which includes human DJ-1 involved in Parkinson's disease; exists as a dimer and contains a putative metal-binding site; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr171w YDR171W HSP42 Small heat shock protein (sHSP) with chaperone activity; forms barrel-shaped oligomers that suppress unfolded protein aggregation; involved in cytoskeleton reorganization after heat shock; protein abundance increases and forms cytoplasmic foci in response to DNA replication stress
ydr258c YDR258C HSP78 Oligomeric mitochondrial matrix chaperone; cooperates with Ssc1p in mitochondrial thermotolerance after heat shock; able to prevent the aggregation of misfolded proteins as well as resolubilize protein aggregates
ypl240c YPL240C HSP82 Hsp90 chaperone; redundant in function with Hsc82p; required for pheromone signaling, negative regulation of Hsf1p; docks with Tom70p for mitochondrial preprotein delivery; promotes telomerase DNA binding, nucleotide addition; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; contains two acid-rich unstructured regions that promote solubility of chaperone-substrate complexes; HSP82 has a paralog, HSC82, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol068c YOL068C HST1 NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase; essential subunit of the Sum1p/Rfm1p/Hst1p complex required for ORC-dependent silencing and mitotic repression; non-essential subunit of the Set3C deacetylase complex; involved in telomere maintenance; HST1 has a paralog, SIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl015c YPL015C HST2 Cytoplasmic NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase; member of the silencing information regulator 2 (Sir2) family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases; modulates nucleolar (rDNA) and telomeric silencing; possesses NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase activity in vitro; contains a nuclear export signal (NES); function regulated by its nuclear export
yor025w YOR025W HST3 Member of the Sir2 family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases; involved along with Hst4p in telomeric silencing, cell cycle progression, radiation resistance, genomic stability and short-chain fatty acid metabolism
ydr191w YDR191W HST4 Member of the Sir2 family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases; involved along with Hst3p in silencing at telomeres, cell cycle progression, radiation resistance, genomic stability and short-chain fatty acid metabolism
ygr223c YGR223C HSV2 Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate-binding protein; plays a role in micronucleophagy; belongs to the PROPPIN family of proteins; predicted to fold as a seven-bladed beta-propeller; displays punctate cytoplasmic localization
ydr225w YDR225W HTA1 Histone H2A; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; one of two nearly identical subtypes (see also HTA2); DNA damage-dependent phosphorylation by Mec1p facilitates DNA repair; acetylated by Nat4p
ybl003c YBL003C HTA2 Histone H2A; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; one of two nearly identical (see also HTA1) subtypes; DNA damage-dependent phosphorylation by Mec1p facilitates DNA repair; acetylated by Nat4p
ybl002w YBL002W HTB2 Histone H2B; core histone protein required for chromatin assembly and chromosome function; nearly identical to HTB1; Rad6p-Bre1p-Lge1p mediated ubiquitination regulates reassembly after DNA replication, transcriptional activation, meiotic DSB formation and H3 methylation
yhr067w YHR067W HTD2 Mitochondrial 3-hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase; involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, required for respiratory growth and for normal mitochondrial morphology
ycr020w-b YCR020W-B HTL1 Component of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex; RSC functions in transcriptional regulation and elongation, chromosome stability, and establishing sister chromatid cohesion; involved in telomere maintenance
yol012c YOL012C HTZ1 Histone variant H2AZ; exchanged for histone H2A in nucleosomes by the SWR1 complex; involved in transcriptional regulation through prevention of the spread of silent heterochromatin; Htz1p-containing nucleosomes facilitate RNA Pol II passage by affecting correct assembly and modification status of RNA Pol II elongation complexes and by favoring efficient nucleosome remodeling
ygr268c YGR268C HUA1 Cytoplasmic protein containing a zinc finger domain; sequence similarity to that of Type I J-proteins; computational analysis of large-scale protein-protein interaction data suggests a possible role in actin patch assembly
yor284w YOR284W HUA2 Cytoplasmic protein of unknown function; computational analysis of large-scale protein-protein interaction data suggests a possible role in actin patch assembly
ynr032c-a YNR032C-A HUB1 Ubiquitin-like protein modifier; promotes alternative splicing of SRC1 pre-mRNA; binds non-covalently to the HIND domain of Snu66, may function in modification of Sph1p and Hbt1p, functionally complemented by the human or S. pombe ortholog; mechanism of Hub1p adduct formation not yet clear
yjr036c YJR036C HUL4 Protein with similarity to hect domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases; not essential for viability; found in association with Trf4 in TRAMP complex
ygl141w YGL141W HUL5 Multiubiquitin chain assembly factor (E4); proteasome processivity factor that elongates polyUb chains on substrates, opposing Ubp6p, a branched polyubiquitin protease; required for retrograde transport of misfolded proteins during ERAD
ygl168w YGL168W HUR1 Protein of unknown function; reported null mutant phenotype of hydroxyurea sensitivity may be due to effects on overlapping PMR1 gene
ypl244c YPL244C HUT1 Protein with a role in UDP-galactose transport to the Golgi lumen; has similarity to human UDP-galactose transporter UGTrel1, exhibits a genetic interaction with S. cerevisiae ERO1
yer039c YER039C HVG1 Protein of unknown function; HVG1 has a paralog, VRG4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr053c YFR053C HXK1 Hexokinase isoenzyme 1; a cytosolic protein that catalyzes phosphorylation of glucose during glucose metabolism; expression is highest during growth on non-glucose carbon sources; glucose-induced repression involves hexokinase Hxk2p; HXK1 has a paralog, HXK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl253w YGL253W HXK2 Hexokinase isoenzyme 2; catalyzes phosphorylation of glucose in the cytosol; predominant hexokinase during growth on glucose; functions in the nucleus to repress expression of HXK1 and GLK1 and to induce expression of its own gene; phosphorylation/dephosphorylation at serine-14 by protein kinase Snf1p and protein phosphatase Glc7p-Reg1p regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; HXK2 has a paralog, HXK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr094c YHR094C HXT1 Low-affinity glucose transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; expression is induced by Hxk2p in the presence of glucose and repressed by Rgt1p when glucose is limiting; HXT1 has a paralog, HXT6, what arose from the whole genome duplication
yfl011w YFL011W HXT10 Putative hexose transporter; expressed at low levels and expression is repressed by glucose
yil170w YIL170W HXT12 Possible pseudogene in strain S288C; YIL170W/HXT12 and the adjacent ORF, YIL171W, together encode a non-functional member of the hexose transporter family
ynl318c YNL318C HXT14 Protein with similarity to hexose transporter family members; expression is induced in low glucose and repressed in high glucose; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ynr072w YNR072W HXT17 Hexose transporter; up-regulated in media containing raffinose and galactose at pH 7.7 versus pH 4.7, repressed by high levels of glucose; HXT17 has a paralog, HXT13, that arose from a segmental duplication
ymr011w YMR011W HXT2 High-affinity glucose transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; expression is induced by low levels of glucose and repressed by high levels of glucose
ydr345c YDR345C HXT3 Low affinity glucose transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; expression is induced in low or high glucose conditions; HXT3 has a paralog, HXT5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr092c YHR092C HXT4 High-affinity glucose transporter; member of the major facilitator superfamily, expression is induced by low levels of glucose and repressed by high levels of glucose; HXT4 has a paralog, HXT7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr096c YHR096C HXT5 Hexose transporter with moderate affinity for glucose; induced in the presence of non-fermentable carbon sources, induced by a decrease in growth rate, contains an extended N-terminal domain relative to other HXTs; HXT5 has a paralog, HXT3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl214w YJL214W HXT8 Protein of unknown function with similarity to hexose transporters; expression is induced by low levels of glucose and repressed by high levels of glucose
yir037w YIR037W HYR1 Thiol peroxidase; functions as a hydroperoxide receptor to sense intracellular hydroperoxide levels and transduce a redox signal to the Yap1p transcription factor; HYR1 has a paralog, GPX1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor126c YOR126C IAH1 Isoamyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase; required in balance with alcohol acetyltransferase to maintain optimal amounts of isoamyl acetate, which is particularly important in sake brewing
yjr122w YJR122W IBA57 Protein involved in incorporating iron-sulfur clusters into proteins; mitochondrial matrix protein; involved in the incorporation of iron-sulfur clusters into mitochondrial aconitase-type proteins; activates the radical-SAM family members Bio2p and Lip5p; interacts with Ccr4p in the two-hybrid system
ynl164c YNL164C IBD2 Component of the BUB2-dependent spindle checkpoint pathway; interacts with Bfa1p and functions upstream of Bub2p and Bfa1p
yil090w YIL090W ICE2 Integral ER membrane protein with type-III transmembrane domains; required for maintenance of ER zinc homeostasis; necessary for efficient targeting of Trm1p tRNA methyltransferase to inner nuclear membrane; mutations cause defects in cortical ER morphology in both the mother and daughter cells
yer065c YER065C ICL1 Isocitrate lyase; catalyzes the formation of succinate and glyoxylate from isocitrate, a key reaction of the glyoxylate cycle; expression of ICL1 is induced by growth on ethanol and repressed by growth on glucose
ypr006c YPR006C ICL2 2-methylisocitrate lyase of the mitochondrial matrix; functions in the methylcitrate cycle to catalyze the conversion of 2-methylisocitrate to succinate and pyruvate; ICL2 transcription is repressed by glucose and induced by ethanol
yer078c YER078C ICP55 Mitochondrial aminopeptidase; cleaves the N termini of at least 38 imported proteins after cleavage by the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), thereby increasing their stability; member of the aminopeptidase P family
ybr157c YBR157C ICS2 Protein of unknown function; null mutation does not confer any obvious defects in growth, spore germination, viability, or carbohydrate utilization
yjl077c YJL077C ICS3 Protein with a role in processing of secretory proteins; possible role in vacuolar sorting, null mutants are hypersensitive to sortin2
ylr099c YLR099C ICT1 Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase; responsible for enhanced phospholipid synthesis during organic solvent stress; null displays increased sensitivity to Calcofluor white; highly expressed during organic solvent stress; ICT1 has a paralog, ECM18, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr195w YMR195W ICY1 Protein of unknown function; required for viability in rich media of cells lacking mitochondrial DNA; mutants have an invasive growth defect with elongated morphology; induced by amino acid starvation; ICY1 has a paralog, ICY2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl250c YPL250C ICY2 Protein of unknown function; mobilized into polysomes upon a shift from a fermentable to nonfermentable carbon source; potential Cdc28p substrate; ICY2 has a paralog, ICY1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl037c YNL037C IDH1 Subunit of mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase; complex catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle
yor136w YOR136W IDH2 Subunit of mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase; complex catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle; phosphorylated
ydl066w YDL066W IDP1 Mitochondrial NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate; not required for mitochondrial respiration and may function to divert alpha-ketoglutarate to biosynthetic processes
ylr174w YLR174W IDP2 Cytosolic NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase; catalyzes oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate; levels are elevated during growth on non-fermentable carbon sources and reduced during growth on glucose; IDP2 has a paralog, IDP3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl009w YNL009W IDP3 Peroxisomal NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase; catalyzes oxidation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate with the formation of NADP(H+), required for growth on unsaturated fatty acids; IDP3 has a paralog, IDP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl146w YJL146W IDS2 Protein involved in modulation of Ime2p activity during meiosis; appears to act indirectly to promote Ime2p-mediated late meiotic functions; found in growing cells and degraded during sporulation
yfl013c YFL013C IES1 Subunit of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ynl215w YNL215W IES2 Protein that associates with the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex; associates with the INO80 complex under low-salt conditions; essential for growth under anaerobic conditions; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr052w YLR052W IES3 Subunit of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex
yor189w YOR189W IES4 Component of the INO80 chromatiin remodeling complex; target of the Mec1p/Tel1p DNA damage signaling pathway; proposed to link chromatin remodeling to replication checkpoint responses
yer092w YER092W IES5 Protein that associates with the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex; associates with the complex under low-salt conditions
yel044w YEL044W IES6 Component of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex; critical for INO80 function; involved in regulation of chromosome segregation and maintenance of normal centromeric chromatin structure; human ortholog INO80C is a member of the human INO80 complex; implicated in DNA repair based on genetic interactions with RAD52 epistasis genes
ybr159w YBR159W IFA38 Microsomal beta-keto-reductase; contains oleate response element (ORE) sequence in the promoter region; mutants exhibit reduced VLCFA synthesis, accumulate high levels of dihydrosphingosine, phytosphingosine and medium-chain ceramides
yol023w YOL023W IFM1 Mitochondrial translation initiation factor 2
yfr017c YFR017C IGD1 Cytoplasmic protein that inhibits Gdb1p glycogen debranching activity; required for normal intracellular accumulation of glycogen; phosphorylated in vivo; expression increases during wine fermentation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; IGD1 has a paralog, YOL024W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl157w YNL157W IGO1 Protein required for initiation of G0 program; prevents degradation of nutrient-regulated mRNAs via the 5'-3' mRNA decay pathway; phosphorylated by Rim15p; GFP protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; IGO1 has a paralog, IGO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr132w-a YHR132W-A IGO2 Protein required for initiation of G0 program; prevents degradation of nutrient-regulated mRNAs via the 5'-3' mRNA decay pathway; phosphorylated by Rim15p; GFP protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; IGO2 has a paralog, IGO1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr384c YLR384C IKI3 Subunit of Elongator complex; Elongator is required for modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA; maintains structural integrity of Elongator; homolog of human IKAP, mutations in which cause familial dysautonomia (FD)
yjl057c YJL057C IKS1 Protein kinase of unknown cellular role; putative serine/threonine kinase; expression is induced during mild heat stress; deletion mutants are hypersensitive to copper sulphate and resistant to sorbate; interacts with an N-terminal fragment of Sst2p
yjr118c YJR118C ILM1 Protein of unknown function; may be involved in mitochondrial DNA maintenance; required for slowed DNA synthesis-induced filamentous growth
yer086w YER086W ILV1 Threonine deaminase, catalyzes first step in isoleucine biosynthesis; expression is under general amino acid control; ILV1 locus exhibits highly positioned nucleosomes whose organization is independent of known ILV1 regulation
ycl009c YCL009C ILV6 Regulatory subunit of acetolactate synthase; acetolactate synthase catalyzes the first step of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis; enhances activity of the Ilv2p catalytic subunit, localizes to mitochondria
ygr287c YGR287C IMA1 Major isomaltase (alpha-1,6-glucosidase/alpha-methylglucosidase); required for isomaltose utilization; specificity for isomaltose, alpha-methylglucoside, and palatinose; member of the IMA isomaltase family
yjl216c YJL216C IMA5 Alpha-glucosidase; specificity for isomaltose, maltose, and palatinose, but not alpha-methylglucoside; member of the IMA isomaltase family; not required for isomaltose utilization, but Ima5p overexpression allows the ima1 null mutant to grow on isomaltose
ylr432w YLR432W IMD3 Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of GTP; member of a four-gene family in S. cerevisiae, constitutively expressed; IMD3 has a paralog, IMD4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml056c YML056C IMD4 Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of GTP; member of a four-gene family in S. cerevisiae, constitutively expressed; IMD4 has a paralog, IMD3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr094c YJR094C IME1 Master regulator of meiosis that is active only during meiotic events; activates transcription of early meiotic genes through interaction with Ume6p, degraded by the 26S proteasome following phosphorylation by Ime2p
yjl106w YJL106W IME2 Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in activation of meiosis; associates with Ime1p and mediates its stability, activates Ndt80p; IME2 expression is positively regulated by Ime1p
ycr046c YCR046C IMG1 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; required for respiration and for maintenance of the mitochondrial genome
ycr071c YCR071C IMG2 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; conserved in metazoa, with similarity to human mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPL49
ylr309c YLR309C IMH1 Protein involved in vesicular transport; mediates transport between an endosomal compartment and the Golgi, contains a Golgi-localization (GRIP) domain that interacts with activated Arl1p-GTP to localize Imh1p to the Golgi
yjl082w YJL082W IML2 Protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; IML2 has a paralog, YKR018C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr107c YBR107C IML3 Outer kinetochore protein and component of the Ctf19 complex; involved in the establishment of pericentromeric cohesion during mitosis; prevents non-disjunction of sister chromatids during meiosis II; required for localization of Sgo1p to pericentric sites during meiosis I; orthologous to human centromere constitutive-associated network (CCAN) subunit CENP-L and fission yeast fta1
ygr031w YGR031W IMO32 Conserved mitochondrial protein of unknown function; processed by both mitochondrial processing peptidase and mitochondrial octapeptidyl aminopeptidase; gene contains the nested antisense gene NAG1
ymr150c YMR150C IMP1 Catalytic subunit of mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex; required for maturation of mitochondrial proteins of the intermembrane space; complex contains two catalytic subunits (Imp1p and Imp2p) and Som1p
ymr035w YMR035W IMP2 Catalytic subunit of mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex; required for maturation of mitochondrial proteins of the intermembrane space; complex contains two catalytic subunits (Imp1p and Imp2p), and Som1p
yil154c YIL154C IMP2' Transcriptional activator involved in maintenance of ion homeostasis; also involved in protection against DNA damage caused by bleomycin and other oxidants; contains a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat
ylr413w YLR413W INA1 Putative protein of unknown function; not an essential gene; YLR413W has a paralog, FAT3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl181w YDL181W INH1 Protein that inhibits ATP hydrolysis by the F1F0-ATP synthase; inhibitory function is enhanced by stabilizing proteins Stf1p and Stf2p; has a calmodulin-binding motif and binds calmodulin in vitro; INH1 has a paralog, STF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr046c YHR046C INM1 Inositol monophosphatase; involved in biosynthesis of inositol and in phosphoinositide second messenger signaling; INM1 expression increases in the presence of inositol and decreases upon exposure to antibipolar drugs lithium and valproate
ydr287w YDR287W INM2 Inositol monophosphatase; involved in biosynthesis of inositol; enzymatic activity requires magnesium ions and is inhibited by lithium and sodium ions; inm1 inm2 double mutant lacks inositol auxotrophy
yjl153c YJL153C INO1 Inositol-3-phosphate synthase; involved in synthesis of inositol phosphates and inositol-containing phospholipids; transcription is coregulated with other phospholipid biosynthetic genes by Ino2p and Ino4p, which bind the UASINO DNA element
ydr123c YDR123C INO2 Transcription factor; component of the heteromeric Ino2p/Ino4p basic helix-loop-helix transcription activator that binds inositol/choline-responsive elements (ICREs), required for derepression of phospholipid biosynthetic genes in response to inositol depletion; involved in diauxic shift
yol108c YOL108C INO4 Transcription factor involved in phospholipid synthesis; required for derepression of inositol-choline-regulated genes involved in phospholipid synthesis; forms a complex, with Ino2p, that binds the inositol-choline-responsive element through a basic helix-loop-helix domain
ymr204c YMR204C INP1 Peripheral membrane protein of peroxisomes; involved in peroxisomal inheritance; recruitment to peroxisomes is mediated by interaction with Pex3p at the peroxisomal membrane
ymr163c YMR163C INP2 Peroxisome-specific receptor important for peroxisome inheritance; co-fractionates with peroxisome membranes and co-localizes with peroxisomes in vivo; physically interacts with the myosin V motor Myo2p; INP2 is not an essential gene
yil002c YIL002C INP51 Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase; synaptojanin-like protein with an N-terminal Sac1 domain, plays a role in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate homeostasis and in endocytosis; null mutation confers cold-tolerant growth
ynl106c YNL106C INP52 Polyphosphatidylinositol phosphatase; dephosphorylates a number of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs, PIPs) to PI; involved in endocytosis; hyperosmotic stress causes translocation to actin patches; synaptojanin-like protein with a Sac1 domain; INP52 has a paralog, INP53, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor109w YOR109W INP53 Polyphosphatidylinositol phosphatase; dephosphorylates multiple phosphatidylinositol phosphates; involved in trans Golgi network-to-early endosome pathway; hyperosmotic stress causes translocation to actin patches; contains Sac1 and 5-ptase domains; INP53 has a paralog, INP52, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol065c YOL065C INP54 Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase; role in secretion; localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum via the C-terminal tail; lacks the Sac1 domain and proline-rich region found in the other 3 INP proteins
ylr095c YLR095C IOC2 Subunit of the Isw1b complex; exhibits nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity and acts within coding regions to coordinate transcription elongation with termination and processing; contains a PHD finger motif; other complex members are Isw1p and Ioc4p
yfr013w YFR013W IOC3 Subunit of the Isw1a complex; Isw1a has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity and represses transcription initiation by specific positioning of a promoter proximal dinucleosome; promotes nucleosome shifts in the 5 prime direction; IOC3 has a paralog, ESC8, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr044w YMR044W IOC4 Member of a complex (Isw1b) with Isw1p and Ioc2p; interacts directly with H3K36me3 nucleosomes through its PWWP domain to recruit the Isw1b complex to open reading frames in a Set2p-dependent manner; Isw1b exhibits nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity and acts within coding regions to coordinate transcription elongation with termination and processing
ydr315c YDR315C IPK1 Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase; nuclear protein required for synthesis of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (phytate), which is integral to cell function; has 2 motifs conserved in other fungi; ipk1 gle1 double mutant is inviable
ydr072c YDR072C IPT1 Inositolphosphotransferase; involved in synthesis of mannose-(inositol-P)2-ceramide (M(IP)2C), the most abundant sphingolipid; can mutate to resistance to the antifungals syringomycin E and DmAMP1 and to K. lactis zymocin
yol081w YOL081W IRA2 GTPase-activating protein; negatively regulates RAS by converting it from the GTP- to the GDP-bound inactive form, required for reducing cAMP levels under nutrient limiting conditions; similar to human neurofibromin; IRA2 has a paralog, IRA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol015w YOL015W IRC10 Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
yor013w YOR013W IRC11 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized gene YOR012C; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52 foci
yor235w YOR235W IRC13 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52 foci
yor135c YOR135C IRC14 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YOR136W; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52 foci
ypl017c YPL017C IRC15 Microtubule associated protein; regulates microtubule dynamics; required for accurate meiotic chromosome segregation; null mutant displays large budded cells due to delayed mitotic progression, increased levels of spontaneous Rad52 foci; IRC15 has a paralog, LPD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr038w YPR038W IRC16 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene YPR037C; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
yjl037w YJL037W IRC18 Protein involved in outer spore wall assembly; likely involved directly in dityrosine layer assembly; expression induced in respiratory-deficient cells and in carbon-limited chemostat cultures; similar to adjacent ORF, LOH1/YJL038C, and the double mutant irc18 loh1 exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
yll033w YLL033W IRC19 Putative protein of unknown function; YLL033W is not an essential gene but mutant is defective in spore formation; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
ydr112w YDR112W IRC2 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps ALT2/YDR111C; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
ylr247c YLR247C IRC20 E3 ubiquitin ligase and putative helicase; involved in synthesis-dependent strand annealing-mediated homologous recombination; ensures precise end-joining along with Srs2p in the Yku70p/Yku80p/Lig4p-dependent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway; localizes to both the mitochondrion and the nucleus; contains a Snf2/Swi2 family ATPase/helicase and a RING finger domain; interacts with Cdc48p and Smt3p; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
ymr073c YMR073C IRC21 Putative protein of unknown function; may be involved in resistance to carboplatin and cisplatin; null mutant displays increase in spontaneous Rad52p foci; contains a lipid-binding domain and binds cardiolipin in a large-scale study
yel001c YEL001C IRC22 Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion localizes to the ER; YEL001C is non-essential; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
yor044w YOR044W IRC23 Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion localizes to the ER; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci; IRC23 has a paralog, BSC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yir036c YIR036C IRC24 Putative benzil reductase;(GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and is induced by the DNA-damaging agent MMS; sequence similarity with short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases; null mutant has increased spontaneous Rad52p foci
ylr021w YLR021W IRC25 Component of a heterodimeric Poc4p-Irc25p chaperone; involved in assembly of alpha subunits into the 20S proteasome; may regulate formation of proteasome isoforms with alternative subunits under different conditions
ydr332w YDR332W IRC3 Putative RNA helicase of the DEAH/D-box family; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the mitochondrion
ydr540c YDR540C IRC4 Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus
yfr038w YFR038W IRC5 Putative ATPase containing the DEAD/H helicase-related sequence motif; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
yfr043c YFR043C IRC6 Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
yfr055w YFR055W IRC7 Beta-lyase involved in the production of thiols; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci; expression induced by nitrogen limitation in a GLN3, GAT1-dependent manner and by copper levels in a Mac1-dependent manner
yjl051w YJL051W IRC8 Bud tip localized protein of unknown function; mRNA is targeted to the bud by a She2p dependent transport system; mRNA is cell cycle regulated via Fkh2p, peaking in G2/M phase; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foc
yjl142c YJL142C IRC9 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene YJL141C; null mutant displays increased levels of spontaneous Rad52p foci
yhr079c YHR079C IRE1 Serine-threonine kinase and endoribonuclease; transmembrane protein that mediates the unfolded protein response (UPR) by regulating Hac1p synthesis through HAC1 mRNA splicing; role in homeostatic adaptation to ER stress; Kar2p binds inactive Ire1p and releases from it upon ER stress
ykr019c YKR019C IRS4 EH domain-containing protein; involved in regulating phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels and autophagy; Irs4p and Tax4p bind and activate the PtdIns phosphatase Inp51p; Irs4p and Tax4p are involved in localizing Atg17p to the PAS; IRS4 has a paralog, TAX4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll027w YLL027W ISA1 Protein required for maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins; functions in a complex with Isa2p and possibly Iba57p; isa1 deletion causes loss of mitochondrial DNA and respiratory deficiency; depletion reduces growth on nonfermentable carbon sources; functional ortholog of bacterial A-type ISC proteins
ypr067w YPR067W ISA2 Protein required for maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins; functions in a complex with Isa1p and possibly Iba57p; localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space, overexpression of ISA2 suppresses grx5 mutations
yer019w YER019W ISC1 Inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase C; mitochondrial membrane localized; hydrolyzes complex sphingolipids to produce ceramide; activates genes required for non-fermentable carbon source metabolism during the diauxic shift; activated by phosphatidylserine, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylglycerol; mediates Na+ and Li+ halotolerance
yer180c YER180C ISC10 Protein required for sporulation; transcript is induced 7.5 hours after induction of meiosis, expected to play significant role in the formation of reproductive cells
ymr081c YMR081C ISF1 Serine-rich, hydrophilic protein; overexpression suppresses growth defects of hap2, hap3, and hap4 mutants; expression is under glucose control; cotranscribed with NAM7 in a cyp1 mutant; ISF1 has a paralog, MBR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl040c YPL040C ISM1 Mitochondrial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase; null mutant is deficient in respiratory growth
yor155c YOR155C ISN1 Inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP)-specific 5'-nucleotidase; catalyzes the breakdown of IMP to inosine; responsible for production of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid riboside; expression positively regulated by nicotinic acid and glucose availability; does not show similarity to known 5'-nucleotidases from other organisms
ypr106w YPR106W ISR1 Predicted protein kinase; overexpression causes sensitivity to staurosporine, which is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C
ynl265c YNL265C IST1 Protein with positive role in the multivesicular body sorting pathway; functions and forms a complex with Did2p; recruitment to endosomes is mediated by the Vps2p-Vps24p subcomplex of ESCRT-III; also interacts with Vps4p
yir005w YIR005W IST3 Component of the U2 snRNP; required for the first catalytic step of splicing and for spliceosomal assembly; interacts with Rds3p and is required for Mer1p-activated splicing; diploid mutants have a specific defect in MATa1 pre-mRNA splicing which leads to haploid gene expression in diploids
ypl135w YPL135W ISU1 Conserved protein of the mitochondrial matrix; performs a scaffolding function during assembly of iron-sulfur clusters, interacts physically and functionally with yeast frataxin (Yfh1p); isu1 isu2 double mutant is inviable; ISU1 has a paralog, ISU2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor226c YOR226C ISU2 Protein required for synthesis of iron-sulfur proteins; localized to the mitochondrial matrix; performs a scaffolding function in mitochondria during Fe/S cluster assembly; involved in Fe-S cluster assembly for both mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins; isu1 isu2 double mutant is inviable; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; evolutionarily conserved; ISU2 has a paralog, ISU1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr245c YBR245C ISW1 ATPase subunit of imitation-switch (ISWI) class chromatin remodelers; ATPase; forms a complex with Ioc3p (Isw1a), and a complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p (Isw1b); Isw1a and Isw1b have partially overlapping and distinct roles, Isw1a involved in repression of transcription initiation and Isw1b involved in regulation of transcription elongation; Isw1b recruited to open reading frames by H3K36 methylation and acts with Chd1p to prevent trans-histone exchange over coding regions
yor304w YOR304W ISW2 ATP-dependent DNA translocase involved in chromatin remodeling; ATPase component that, with Itc1p, forms a complex required for repression of a-specific genes, INO1, and early meiotic genes during mitotic growth; the Isw2 complex exhibits basal levels of chromatin binding throughout the genome as well as target-specific chromatin interactions
yjr050w YJR050W ISY1 Member of the NineTeen Complex (NTC); NTC contains Prp19p and stabilizes U6 snRNA in catalytic forms of spliceosome containing U2, U5, and U6 snRNAs; interacts with Prp16p to modulate splicing fidelity; isy1 syf2 cells have defective spindles
ygl133w YGL133W ITC1 Subunit of ATP-dependent Isw2p-Itc1p chromatin remodeling complex; required for repression of a-specific genes, repression of early meiotic genes during mitotic growth, and repression of INO1; similar to mammalian Acf1p, the regulatory subunit of the mammalian ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and modifying factor (ACF) complex; ITC1 has a paralog, YPL216W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr497c YDR497C ITR1 Myo-inositol transporter; member of the sugar transporter superfamily; expression is repressed by inositol and choline via Opi1p and derepressed via Ino2p and Ino4p; relative distribution to the vacuole increases upon DNA replication stress; ITR1 has a paralog, ITR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol103w YOL103W ITR2 Myo-inositol transporter; member of the sugar transporter superfamily; expressed constitutively; ITR2 has a paralog, ITR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml068w YML068W ITT1 Protein that modulates the efficiency of translation termination; interacts with translation release factors eRF1 (Sup45p) and eRF3 (Sup35p) in vitro, contains a zinc finger domain characteristic of the TRIAD class of proteins
ydr229w YDR229W IVY1 Phospholipid-binding protein that interacts with both Ypt7p and Vps33p; may partially counteract the action of Vps33p and vice versa, localizes to the rim of the vacuole as cells approach stationary phase
ydl115c YDL115C IWR1 RNA polymerase II transport factor, conserved from yeast to humans; also has a role in transporting RNA polymerase III into the nucleus; interacts with most of the RNAP II subunits; nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein; deletion causes hypersensitivity to K1 killer toxin; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ykl032c YKL032C IXR1 Transcriptional repressor that regulates hypoxic genes during normoxia; involved in the aerobic repression of genes such as COX5b, TIR1, and HEM13; binds DNA intrastrand cross-links formed by cisplatin; HMG (high mobility group box) domain containing protein which binds and bends cisplatin-modified DNA, blocking excision repair; IXR1 has a paralog, ABF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr492w YDR492W IZH1 Membrane protein involved in zinc ion homeostasis; member of the four-protein IZH family; transcription is regulated directly by Zap1p, expression induced by zinc deficiency and fatty acids; deletion increases sensitivity to elevated zinc; IZH1 has a paralog, IZH4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol002c YOL002C IZH2 Plasma membrane receptor for plant antifungal protein, osmotin; involved in zinc ion homeostasis, apoptosis; negatively regulates ZRT1 and other functionally divergent genes through CCCTC promoter motif (IzRE); modulates FET3 activity in iron-independent manner; affects gene expression by influencing balance of competition between Msn2p/Msn4p and Nrg1p/Nrg2p for binding to the IzRE; transcription regulated by Zap1p, zinc, fatty acid levels; similar to mammalian adiponectins
ylr023c YLR023C IZH3 Membrane protein involved in zinc ion homeostasis; member of the four-protein IZH family, expression induced by zinc deficiency; deletion reduces sensitivity to elevated zinc and shortens lag phase, overexpression reduces Zap1p activity
yol101c YOL101C IZH4 Membrane protein involved in zinc ion homeostasis; member of the four-protein IZH family; expression induced by fatty acids and altered zinc levels; deletion reduces sensitivity to excess zinc; possible role in sterol metabolism; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from nucleus to ER upon DNA replication stress; IZH4 has a paralog, IZH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl073w YJL073W JEM1 DnaJ-like chaperone required for nuclear membrane fusion during mating; localizes to the ER membrane; exhibits genetic interactions with KAR2
ykl217w YKL217W JEN1 Monocarboxylate/proton symporter of the plasma membrane; transport activity is dependent on the pH gradient across the membrane; mediates high-affinity uptake of carbon sources lactate, pyuvate, and acetate, and also of the micronutrient selenite, whose structure mimics that of monocarboxylates; expression and localization are tightly regulated, with transcription repression, mRNA degradation, and protein endocytosis and degradation all occurring in the presence of glucose
yer051w YER051W JHD1 JmjC domain family histone demethylase specific for H3-K36; similar to proteins found in human, mouse, drosophila, X. laevis, C. elegans, and S. pombe
yjr119c YJR119C JHD2 JmjC domain family histone demethylase; promotes global demethylation of H3K4 and repression of noncoding intergenic transcription during sporulation; removes methyl groups added by Set1p methyltransferase; negatively regulated by H3K14 acetylation; protein levels regulated by Not4p polyubiquitin-mediated degradation; regulates spore differentiation timing by extending period of active transcription in opposition to programmed global transcriptional quiescence
ypr061c YPR061C JID1 Probable Hsp40p co-chaperone; has a DnaJ-like domain and appears to be involved in ER-associated degradation of misfolded proteins containing a tightly folded cytoplasmic domain; inhibits replication of Brome mosaic virus in S. cerevisiae
ylr331c YLR331C JIP3 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 98% of ORF overlaps the verified gene MID2
ynl227c YNL227C JJJ1 Co-chaperone that stimulates the ATPase activity of Ssa1p; required for a late step of ribosome biogenesis; associated with the cytosolic large ribosomal subunit; contains a J-domain; mutation causes defects in fluid-phase endocytosis
yjl162c YJL162C JJJ2 Protein of unknown function; contains a J-domain, which is a region with homology to the E. coli DnaJ protein
yjr097w YJR097W JJJ3 Protein of unknown function; contains a CSL Zn finger and a DnaJ-domain; involved in diphthamide biosynthesis; ortholog human Dph4
yll057c YLL057C JLP1 Fe(II)-dependent sulfonate/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase; involved in sulfonate catabolism for use as a sulfur source; contains sequence that resembles a J domain (typified by the E. coli DnaJ protein); induced by sulphur starvation
ymr132c YMR132C JLP2 Protein of unknown function; contains sequence that closely resembles a J domain (typified by the E. coli DnaJ protein)
ymr294w YMR294W JNM1 Component of the yeast dynactin complex; consisting of Nip100p, Jnm1p, and Arp1p; required for proper nuclear migration and spindle partitioning during mitotic anaphase B
yjr091c YJR091C JSN1 Member of the Puf family of RNA-binding proteins; interacts with mRNAs encoding membrane-associated proteins; involved in localizing the Arp2/3 complex to mitochondria; overexpression causes increased sensitivity to benomyl; JSN1 has a paralog, PUF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl241w YGL241W KAP114 Karyopherin, responsible for nuclear import of specific proteins; cargoes include Spt15p, Sua7p, histones H2A and H2B, and Nap1p; amino terminus shows similarity to those of other importins, particularly Cse1p; localization is primarily nuclear; function is regulated by sumoylation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypl125w YPL125W KAP120 Karyopherin responsible for the nuclear import of Rfp1p; Rfp1p is a ribosome maturation factor
ygl016w YGL016W KAP122 Karyopherin beta; responsible for import of the Toa1p-Toa2p complex into the nucleus; binds to nucleoporins Nup1p and Nup2p; may play a role in regulation of pleiotropic drug resistance
yer110c YER110C KAP123 Karyopherin beta; mediates nuclear import of ribosomal proteins prior to assembly into ribosomes and import of histones H3 and H4; localizes to the nuclear pore, nucleus, and cytoplasm; exhibits genetic interactions with RAI1
ypr141c YPR141C KAR3 Minus-end-directed microtubule motor; functions in mitosis and meiosis, localizes to the spindle pole body and localization is dependent on functional Cik1p, required for nuclear fusion during mating; potential Cdc28p substrate
ycl055w YCL055W KAR4 Transcription factor required for response to pheromones; also required during meiosis; exists in two forms, a slower-migrating form more abundant during vegetative growth and a faster-migrating form induced by pheromone
ymr065w YMR065W KAR5 Protein required for nuclear membrane fusion during karyogamy; localizes to the membrane with a soluble portion in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, may form a complex with Jem1p and Kar2p; similar to zebrafish Brambleberry protein; expression of the gene is regulated by pheromone
ypl269w YPL269W KAR9 Karyogamy protein; required for correct positioning of the mitotic spindle and for orienting cytoplasmic microtubules; localizes at the shmoo tip in mating cells and at the tip of the growing bud in small-budded cells through anaphase
ycl024w YCL024W KCC4 Protein kinase of the bud neck involved in the septin checkpoint; associates with septin proteins, negatively regulates Swe1p by phosphorylation, shows structural homology to bud neck kinases Gin4p and Hsl1p; KCC4 has a paralog, GIN4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr054w YJR054W KCH1 Potassium transporter that mediates K+ influx; activates high-affinity Ca2+ influx system (HACS) during mating pheromone response; expression up-regulated in response to alpha factor; localized to sites of polarized growth; member of a fungal-specific gene family; potential Cdc28p substrate; KCH1 has a paralog, PRM6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr017c YDR017C KCS1 Inositol hexakisphosphate and inositol heptakisphosphate kinase; generation of high energy inositol pyrophosphates by Kcs1p is required for many processes such as vacuolar biogenesis, stress response, and telomere maintenance; inositol hexakisphosphate is also known as IP6; inositol heptakisphosphate is also known as IP7
ykl161c YKL161C KDX1 Protein kinase; implicated in Slt2p mitogen-activated (MAP) kinase signaling pathway; interacts with numerous components in the mating pheromone and CWI MAPK pathways; associates with Rlm1p; KDX1 has a paralog, SLT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr158c YHR158C KEL1 Protein required for proper cell fusion and cell morphology; functions in a complex with Kel2p to negatively regulate mitotic exit, interacts with Tem1p and Lte1p; localizes to regions of polarized growth; potential Cdc28p substrate; KEL1 has a paralog, KEL2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr238c YGR238C KEL2 Protein that negatively regulates mitotic exit; functions in a complex with Kel1p, interacts with Tem1p and Lte1p; localizes to regions of polarized growth; potential Cdc28p substrate; KEL2 has a paralog, KEL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl263c YPL263C KEL3 Cytoplasmic protein of unknown function
ypl145c YPL145C KES1 One of seven members of the yeast oxysterol binding protein family; involved in negative regulation of Sec14p-dependent Golgi complex secretory functions, peripheral membrane protein that localizes to the Golgi complex; KES1 has a paralog, HES1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl203c YGL203C KEX1 Cell death protease essential for hypochlorite-induced apoptosis; involved in the processing of killer toxin and alpha factor precursor; cleaves Lys and Arg residues from the C-terminus of peptides and proteins
ynl238w YNL238W KEX2 Subtilisin-like protease (proprotein convertase); a calcium-dependent serine protease involved in the activation of proproteins of the secretory pathway
yil125w YIL125W KGD1 Subunit of the mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; catalyzes a key step in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate to form succinyl-CoA
ydr148c YDR148C KGD2 Dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase; component of the mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA in the TCA cycle; phosphorylated
yjl094c YJL094C KHA1 Putative K+/H+ antiporter; has a probable role in intracellular cation homeostasis; localized to Golgi vesicles and detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ydr122w YDR122W KIN1 Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in regulation of exocytosis; localizes to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane; KIN1 has a paralog, KIN2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr096w YLR096W KIN2 Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in regulation of exocytosis; localizes to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane; KIN2 has a paralog, KIN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yar018c YAR018C KIN3 Nonessential serine/threonine protein kinase; possible role in DNA damage response; influences tolerance to high levels of ethanol
yor233w YOR233W KIN4 Serine/threonine protein kinase; inhibits the mitotic exit network (MEN) when the spindle position checkpoint is activated; localized asymmetrically to mother cell cortex, spindle pole body and bud neck; KIN4 has a paralog, FRK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr091w YCR091W KIN82 Putative serine/threonine protein kinase; implicated in the regulation of phospholipid asymmetry through the activation of phospholipid translocases (flippases) Lem3p-Dnf1p/Dnf2p; KIN82 has a paralog, FPK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl063w YBL063W KIP1 Kinesin-related motor protein; required for mitotic spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, and 2 micron plasmid partitioning; functionally redundant with Cin8p for chromosomal but not plasmid functions
ypl155c YPL155C KIP2 Kinesin-related motor protein involved in mitotic spindle positioning; stabilizes microtubules by targeting Bik1p to the plus end; Kip2p levels are controlled during the cell cycle
ygl216w YGL216W KIP3 Kinesin-related antiparallel sliding motor protein involved in mitotic spindle positioning; sliding activity promotes bipolar spindle assembly and maintenance of genome stability; also inhibits spindle elongation and promotes spindle disassembly in late anaphase
ykl168c YKL168C KKQ8 Putative serine/threonine protein kinase with unknown cellular role; KKQ8 has a paralog, HAL5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl049c YDL049C KNH1 Protein with similarity to Kre9p; Kre9p is involved in cell wall beta 1,6-glucan synthesis; overproduction suppresses growth defects of a kre9 null mutant; required for propionic acid resistance
yll019c YLL019C KNS1 Protein kinase involved in negative regulation of PolIII transcription; effector kinase of the TOR signaling pathway and phosphorylates Rpc53p to regulate ribosome and tRNA biosynthesis; member of the LAMMER family of protein kinases, which are serine/threonine kinases also capable of phosphorylating tyrosine residues; capable of autophosphorylation
ynl322c YNL322C KRE1 Cell wall glycoprotein involved in beta-glucan assembly; serves as a K1 killer toxin membrane receptor
ydr532c YDR532C KRE28 Subunit of a kinetochore-microtubule binding complex; complex bridges centromeric heterochromatin and kinetochore MAPs and motors; required for sister chromatid bi-orientation and kinetochore binding of SAC components; complex also includes Spc105p; modified by sumoylation
ypr159w YPR159W KRE6 Type II integral membrane protein; required for beta-1,6 glucan biosynthesis; putative beta-glucan synthase; localizes to ER, plasma membrane, sites of polarized growth and secretory vesicles; functionally redundant with Skn1p; KRE6 has a paralog, SKN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr082c YHR082C KSP1 Serine/threonine protein kinase; associates with TORC1 and likely involved in TOR signaling cascades; negative regulator of autophagy; nuclear translocation required for haploid filamentous growth; regulates filamentous growth induced nuclear translocation of Bcy1p, Fus3p, and Sks1p; overproduction causes allele-specific suppression of prp20-10; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr040w YGR040W KSS1 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); involved in signal transduction pathways that control filamentous growth and pheromone response; the KSS1 gene is nonfunctional in S288C strains and functional in W303 strains
ykl110c YKL110C KTI12 Protein that plays a role in modification of tRNA wobble nucleosides; protein plays role in tRNA wobble nucleoside modification with Elongator complex; involved in sensitivity to G1 arrest induced by zymocin; interacts with chromatin throughout the genome; also interacts with Cdc19p
yor099w YOR099W KTR1 Alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase; involved in O- and N-linked protein glycosylation; type II membrane protein; member of the KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase family; relocalizes from vacuole to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ykr061w YKR061W KTR2 Mannosyltransferase involved in N-linked protein glycosylation; member of the KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase family; KTR2 has a paralog, YUR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr205w YBR205W KTR3 Putative alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase; involved in O- and N-linked protein glycosylation; member of the KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase family; Svp26p mediates uptake of Ktr3p into COPII vesicles; relocalizes from nucleus to vacuole upon DNA replication stress
ybr199w YBR199W KTR4 Putative mannosyltransferase involved in protein glycosylation; member of the KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase family of type II membrane proteins with a short cytoplasmic N-terminus, a membrane-spanning region and a highly conserved catalytic lumenal domain
ynl029c YNL029C KTR5 Putative mannosyltransferase involved in protein glycosylation; member of the KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase family; KTR5 has a paralog, KTR7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl053c YPL053C KTR6 Probable mannosylphosphate transferase; involved in the synthesis of core oligosaccharides in protein glycosylation pathway; member of the KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase family; KTR6 has a paralog, KRE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil085c YIL085C KTR7 Putative mannosyltransferase involved in protein glycosylation; member of the KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase family; KTR7 has a paralog, KTR5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl079w YGL079W KXD1 Subunit of the BLOC-1 complex involved in endosomal maturation; null mutant is sensitive to drug inducing secretion of vacuolar cargo; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the endosome
yjl207c YJL207C LAA1 AP-1 accessory protein; colocalizes with clathrin to the late-Golgi apparatus; involved in TGN-endosome transport; physically interacts with AP-1; similar to the mammalian p200; may interact with ribosomes; YJL207C is a non-essential gene
ykl008c YKL008C LAC1 Ceramide synthase component; involved in synthesis of ceramide from C26(acyl)-coenzyme A and dihydrosphingosine or phytosphingosine, functionally equivalent to Lag1p; LAC1 has a paralog, LAG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl003c YHL003C LAG1 Ceramide synthase component; involved in synthesis of ceramide from C26(acyl)-coenzyme A and dihydrosphingosine or phytosphingosine, functionally equivalent to Lac1p; forms ER foci upon DNA replication stress; homolog of human CERS2, a tumor metastasis suppressor gene whose silencing enahnces invasion/metastasis of prostate cancer cells; LAG1 has a paralog, LAC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol025w YOL025W LAG2 Protein that negatively regulates the SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase; regulates by interacting with and preventing neddyation of the cullin subunit, Cdc53p; longevity determinant that is preferentially expressed in young cells; similar to mammalian Cand1
ynl045w YNL045W LAP2 Leucyl aminopeptidase yscIV with epoxide hydrolase activity; metalloenzyme containing one zinc atom; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; also known as leukotriene A4 hydrolase
ynl239w YNL239W LAP3 Cysteine aminopeptidase with homocysteine-thiolactonase activity; protects cells against homocysteine toxicity; has bleomycin hydrolase activity in vitro; transcription is regulated by galactose via Gal4p; orthologous to human BLMH
yjl062w YJL062W LAS21 Integral plasma membrane protein; involved in the synthesis of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) core structure; mutations affect cell wall integrity
ynl071w YNL071W LAT1 Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component (E2) of the PDC; the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
yjl134w YJL134W LCB3 Long-chain base-1-phosphate phosphatase; specific for dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate, regulates ceramide and long-chain base phosphates levels, involved in incorporation of exogenous long chain bases in sphingolipids; LCB3 has a paralog, YSR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor171c YOR171C LCB4 Sphingoid long-chain base kinase; responsible for synthesis of long-chain base phosphates, which function as signaling molecules, regulates synthesis of ceramide from exogenous long-chain bases, localizes to the Golgi and late endosomes; LCB4 has a paralog, LCB5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr260w YLR260W LCB5 Minor sphingoid long-chain base kinase; possibly involved in synthesis of long-chain base phosphates, which function as signaling molecules; LCB5 has a paralog, LCB4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl056c YPL056C LCL1 Putative protein of unknown function; deletion mutant is fluconazole resistant and has long chronological lifespan
ylr104w YLR104W LCL2 Putative protein of unknown function; mutant is deficient in amounts of cell wall mannosylphosphate and has long chronological lifespan; genetic interactions suggest a role in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD)
ygl085w YGL085W LCL3 Putative protein of unknown function; mutant has long chronological lifespan; has homology to Staphylococcus aureus nuclease; GFP-fusion protein localizes to mitochondria; is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ycl005w YCL005W LDB16 Protein of unknown function; null mutants have decreased net negative cell surface charge; GFP-fusion protein expression is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; native protein is detected in purified mitochondria
ydl146w YDL146W LDB17 Protein involved in the regulation of endocytosis; transiently recruited to actin cortical patches in a SLA1-dependent manner after late coat component assembly; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the periphery, cytoplasm, bud, and bud neck
yll049w YLL049W LDB18 Component of the dynactin complex; dynactin is required for dynein activity; null mutant exhibits defects in nuclear migration and spindle orientation and has reduced affinity for alcian blue dye; has homology to mammalian dynactin subunit p24
yor322c YOR322C LDB19 Protein involved in ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis; regulates endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins by recruiting the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p to its target; inhibited by Npr1p-mediated phosphorylation, which affects translocation between the cytosol and the plasma membrane; null mutant has reduced affinity for alcian blue dye
ybl006c YBL006C LDB7 Component of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex; interacts with Rsc3p, Rsc30p, Npl6p, and Htl1p to form a module important for a broad range of RSC functions
ybr204c YBR204C LDH1 Serine hydrolase; exhibits active esterase plus weak triacylglycerol lipase activities; proposed role in lipid homeostasis, regulating phospholipid and non-polar lipid levels and required for mobilization of LD-stored lipids; localizes to the lipid droplet (LD) surface; contains a classical serine containing catalytic triad (GxSxG motif)
yal018c YAL018C LDS1 Protein Involved in spore wall assembly; localizes to lipid droplets found on or outside of the prospore membrane; shares similarity with Lds2p and Rrt8p, and a strain mutant for all 3 genes exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants
yol047c YOL047C LDS2 Protein Involved in spore wall assembly; localizes to lipid droplets found on or outside of the prospore membrane; shares similarity with Lds1p and Rrt8p, and a strain mutant for all 3 genes exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
ypl213w YPL213W LEA1 Component of U2 snRNP complex; disruption causes reduced U2 snRNP levels; physically interacts with Msl1p; putative homolog of human U2A' snRNP protein
ypl054w YPL054W LEE1 Zinc-finger protein of unknown function
ynl323w YNL323W LEM3 Membrane protein of the plasma membrane and ER; interacts specifically in vivo with the phospholipid translocase (flippase) Dnf1p; involved in translocation of phospholipids and alkylphosphocholine drugs across the plasma membrane; null mutant requires tryptophan due to mislocalization of tryptophan permease Tat2p
yor123c YOR123C LEO1 Component of the Paf1 complex; which associates with RNA polymerase II and is involved in histone methylation; plays a role in regulating Ty1 transposition; involved in transcription elongation as demonstrated by the G-less-based run-on (GLRO) assay
ygl009c YGL009C LEU1 Isopropylmalate isomerase; catalyzes the second step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway
ylr451w YLR451W LEU3 Zinc-knuckle transcription factor, repressor and activator; regulates genes involved in branched chain amino acid biosynthesis and ammonia assimilation; acts as a repressor in leucine-replete conditions and as an activator in the presence of alpha-isopropylmalate, an intermediate in leucine biosynthesis that accumulates during leucine starvation
ynl104c YNL104C LEU4 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase (2-isopropylmalate synthase); the main isozyme responsible for the first step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; LEU4 has a paralog, LEU9, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor108w YOR108W LEU9 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase II (2-isopropylmalate synthase); catalyzes the first step in the leucine biosynthesis pathway; the minor isozyme, responsible for the residual alpha-IPMS activity detected in a leu4 null mutant; LEU9 has a paralog, LEU4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl055c YPL055C LGE1 Protein of unknown function; null mutant forms abnormally large cells, and homozygous diploid null mutant displays delayed premeiotic DNA synthesis and reduced efficiency of meiotic nuclear division
ydl051w YDL051W LHP1 RNA binding protein required for maturation of tRNA and U6 snRNA; acts as a molecular chaperone for RNAs transcribed by polymerase III; homologous to human La (SS-B) autoantigen
ykl073w YKL073W LHS1 Molecular chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen; involved in polypeptide translocation and folding; nucleotide exchange factor for the ER lumenal Hsp70 chaperone Kar2p; regulated by the unfolded protein response pathway
yjr070c YJR070C LIA1 Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase; HEAT-repeat containing metalloenzyme that catalyzes hypusine formation; binds to and is required for the modification of Hyp2p (eIF5A); complements S. pombe mmd1 mutants defective in mitochondrial positioning; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygl090w YGL090W LIF1 Component of the DNA ligase IV complex; this complex mediates nonhomologous end joining in DNA double-strand break repair; physically interacts with Dnl4p and Nej1p; homologous to mammalian XRCC4 protein
yhr156c YHR156C LIN1 Non-essential component of U5 snRNP; nuclear protein; physically interacts with Irr1p of cohesin complex; may link together proteins involved in chromosome segregation, mRNA splicing and DNA replication
ylr239c YLR239C LIP2 Lipoyl ligase; involved in the modification of mitochondrial enzymes by the attachment of lipoic acid groups
yor196c YOR196C LIP5 Protein involved in biosynthesis of the coenzyme lipoic acid; has similarity to E. coli lipoic acid synthase
ypr139c YPR139C LOA1 Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase; involved in triacelglyceride homeostasis and lipid droplet formation; localized to lipid droplets and the ER; specificity for oleoyl-CoA
yfr001w YFR001W LOC1 Nuclear protein involved in asymmetric localization of ASH1 mRNA; binds double-stranded RNA in vitro; constituent of 66S pre-ribosomal particles; required at post-transcriptional step for efficient retrotransposition; absence results in decreased Ty1 Gag:GFP protein levels; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
yjl038c YJL038C LOH1 Protein involved in outer spore wall assembly; likely involved directly in dityrosine layer assembly; proposed role in maintenance of genome integrity; induced during sporulation; repressed during vegetative growth by Sum1p and Hst1p; sequence similar to adjacent ORF, IRC18/YJL037W, and the double mutant irc18 loh1 exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants
ykl205w YKL205W LOS1 Nuclear pore protein; involved in nuclear export of pre-tRNA and in re-export of mature tRNAs after their retrograde import from the cytoplasm
ykl183w YKL183W LOT5 Protein of unknown function; gene expression increases in cultures shifted to a lower temperature; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr011w YLR011W LOT6 FMN-dependent NAD(P)H:quinone reductase; role in apoptosis-like cell death; may be involved in quinone detoxification; expression elevated at low temperature; sequesters the Cin5p transcription factor in the cytoplasm in complex with the proteasome under reducing conditions
yfl018c YFL018C LPD1 Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase; the lipoamide dehydrogenase component (E3) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complexes; LPD1 has a paralog, IRC15, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr503c YDR503C LPP1 Lipid phosphate phosphatase; catalyzes Mg(2+)-independent dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidic acid, and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate; involved in control of the cellular levels of phosphatidylinositol and PA
yor084w YOR084W LPX1 Peroxisomal matrix-localized lipase; required for normal peroxisome morphology; contains a peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (PTS1) and a lipase motif; peroxisomal import requires the PTS1 receptor, Pex5p and self-interaction; transcriptionally activated by Yrm1p along with genes involved in multidrug resistance; oleic acid inducible
ycl051w YCL051W LRE1 Protein involved in control of cell wall structure and stress response; overproduction confers resistance to cell-wall degrading enzymes; exhibits genetic interactions with genes involved in the cell wall integrity pathway; <br>LRE1 has a paralog, HLR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl240w YDL240W LRG1 GTPase-activating protein (GAP); contains Rho1p-specific GAP activity, interacting with activated forms of Rho1p; functions along with Sac7p as a negative regulator of the Pkc1p-mediated cell wall integrity signaling pathway; negative regulator of cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis; required for efficient cell fusion; contains a RhoGAP domain and three Lin-11-Isl1-Mec-3 (LIM) domains
ynr008w YNR008W LRO1 Acyltransferase that catalyzes diacylglycerol esterification; one of several acyltransferases that contribute to triglyceride synthesis; Lro1p and Dga1p can O-acylate ceramides; putative homolog of human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase
yhr081w YHR081W LRP1 Nuclear exosome-associated nucleic acid binding protein; involved in RNA processing, surveillance, degradation, tethering, and export; rapidly degraded by the proteasome in the absence of Rrp6p; homolog of mammalian nuclear matrix protein C1D involved in regulation of DNA repair and recombination
ydr439w YDR439W LRS4 Nucleolar protein that forms a complex with Csm1p; and then Mam1p at kinetochores during meiosis I to mediate accurate homolog segregation; required for condensin recruitment to the replication fork barrier site and rDNA repeat segregation
ygr136w YGR136W LSB1 Negative regulator of actin nucleation-promoting factor activity; interacts with Las17p, a homolog of human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP), via an N-terminal SH3 domain, and along with PIN3 cooperatively inhibits the nucleation of actin filaments; overexpression blocks receptor-mediated endocytosis; protein increases in abundance and forms nuclear foci in response to DNA replication stress; LSB1 has a paralog, PIN3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycl034w YCL034W LSB5 Protein of unknown function; binds Las17p, which is a homolog of human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein involved in actin patch assembly and actin polymerization; may mediate disassembly of the Pan1 complex from the endocytic coat
yjl100w YJL100W LSB6 Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase; binds Las17p, a homolog of human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein involved in actin patch assembly and actin polymerization
yor142w YOR142W LSC1 Alpha subunit of succinyl-CoA ligase; succinyl-CoA ligase is a mitochondrial enzyme of the TCA cycle that catalyzes the nucleotide-dependent conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate; phosphorylated
ygr244c YGR244C LSC2 Beta subunit of succinyl-CoA ligase; succinyl-CoA ligase is a mitochondrial enzyme of the TCA cycle that catalyzes the nucleotide-dependent conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate
yjl124c YJL124C LSM1 Lsm (Like Sm) protein; forms heteroheptameric complex (with Lsm2p, Lsm3p, Lsm4p, Lsm5p, Lsm6p, and Lsm7p) involved in degradation of cytoplasmic mRNAs; also enters the nucleus and positively regulates transcription initiation; unlike most Sm-like proteins, Lsm1p requires both its SM-domain and C-terminal domain for RNA-binding; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
yhr121w YHR121W LSM12 Protein of unknown function that may function in RNA processing; interacts with Pbp1p and Pbp4p and associates with ribosomes; contains an RNA-binding LSM domain and an AD domain; GFP-fusion protein is induced by the DNA-damaging agent MMS; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ydr378c YDR378C LSM6 Lsm (Like Sm) protein; part of heteroheptameric complexes (Lsm2p-7p and either Lsm1p or 8p): cytoplasmic Lsm1p complex involved in mRNA decay; nuclear Lsm8p complex part of U6 snRNP and possibly involved in processing tRNA, snoRNA, and rRNA
ynl147w YNL147W LSM7 Lsm (Like Sm) protein; part of heteroheptameric complexes (Lsm2p-7p and either Lsm1p or 8p): cytoplasmic Lsm1p complex involved in mRNA decay; nuclear Lsm8p complex part of U6 snRNP and possibly involved in processing tRNA, snoRNA, and rRNA; protein abundance increases and forms cytoplasmic foci in response to DNA replication stress
ypl004c YPL004C LSP1 Primary component of eisosomes; which are large immobile patch structures at the cell cortex associated with endocytosis, along with Pil1p and Sur7p; null mutants show activation of Pkc1p/Ypk1p stress resistance pathways; member of the BAR domain family
ykl176c YKL176C LST4 Protein possibly involved in a post-Golgi secretory pathway; required for the transport of nitrogen-regulated amino acid permease Gap1p from the Golgi to the cell surface
ygr057c YGR057C LST7 Protein possibly involved in a post-Golgi secretory pathway; required for the transport of nitrogen-regulated amino acid permease Gap1p from the Golgi to the cell surface
yal024c YAL024C LTE1 Protein similar to GDP/GTP exchange factors; without detectable GEF activity; required for asymmetric localization of Bfa1p at daughter-directed spindle pole bodies and for mitotic exit at low temperatures
ypr073c YPR073C LTP1 Protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase of unknown cellular role; activated by adenine
ykl143w YKL143W LTV1 Component of the GSE complex; GSE is required for proper sorting of amino acid permease Gap1p; required for ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus; required for growth at low temperature
ynl268w YNL268W LYP1 Lysine permease; one of three amino acid permeases (Alp1p, Can1p, Lyp1p) responsible for uptake of cationic amino acids
yir034c YIR034C LYS1 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming); catalyzes the conversion of saccharopine to L-lysine, which is the final step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway; also has mRNA binding activity
yil094c YIL094C LYS12 Homo-isocitrate dehydrogenase; an NAD-linked mitochondrial enzyme required for the fourth step in the biosynthesis of lysine, in which homo-isocitrate is oxidatively decarboxylated to alpha-ketoadipate
ydr034c YDR034C LYS14 Transcriptional activator involved in regulating lysine biosynthesis; involved in the regulation of genes of the lysine biosynthesis pathway; requires 2-aminoadipate semialdehyde as co-inducer
ybr115c YBR115C LYS2 Alpha aminoadipate reductase; catalyzes the reduction of alpha-aminoadipate to alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, which is the fifth step in biosynthesis of lysine; activation requires posttranslational phosphopantetheinylation by Lys5p
ydl182w YDL182W LYS20 Homocitrate synthase isozyme; catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoglutarate to form homocitrate, which is the first step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway; LYS20 has a paralog, LYS21, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl131w YDL131W LYS21 Homocitrate synthase isozyme; catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoglutarate to form homocitrate, which is the first step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway; LYS21 has a paralog, LYS20, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr234w YDR234W LYS4 Homoaconitase; catalyzes the conversion of homocitrate to homoisocitrate, which is a step in the lysine biosynthesis pathway
ygl154c YGL154C LYS5 Phosphopantetheinyl transferase involved in lysine biosynthesis; converts inactive apo-form of Lys2p (alpha-aminoadipate reductase) into catalytically active holo-form by posttranslational addition of phosphopantetheine
ynr050c YNR050C LYS9 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming); catalyzes the formation of saccharopine from alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, the seventh step in lysine biosynthesis pathway; exhibits genetic and physical interactions with TRM112
ymr021c YMR021C MAC1 Copper-sensing transcription factor; involved in regulation of genes required for high affinity copper transport
ygl086w YGL086W MAD1 Coiled-coil protein involved in spindle-assembly checkpoint; required for inhibition of karyopherin/importin Pse1p (aka Kap121p) upon spindle assembly checkpoint arrest; phosphorylated by Mps1p upon checkpoint activation which leads to inhibition of anaphase promoting complex activity; forms a complex with Mad2p; gene dosage imbalance between MAD1 and MAD2 leads to chromosome instability
yjl030w YJL030W MAD2 Component of the spindle-assembly checkpoint complex; delays onset of anaphase in cells with defects in mitotic spindle assembly; forms a complex with Mad1p; regulates APC/C activity during prometaphase and metaphase of meiosis I; gene dosage imbalance between MAD1 and MAD2 leads to chromosome instability
yjl013c YJL013C MAD3 Subunit of spindle-assembly checkpoint complex; involved in delaying anaphase onset in cells with defects in mitotic spindle assembly; pseudosubstrate inhibitor of APC(Cdc20), the anaphase promoting complex involved in securin (Pds1p) turnover; MAD3 has a paralog, BUB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl029c YKL029C MAE1 Mitochondrial malic enzyme; catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate, which is a key intermediate in sugar metabolism and a precursor for synthesis of several amino acids
ydr005c YDR005C MAF1 Highly conserved negative regulator of RNA polymerase III; involved in tRNA processing and stability; inhibits tRNA degradation via rapid tRNA decay (RTD) pathway; binds N-terminal domain of Rpc160p subunit of Pol III to prevent closed-complex formation; localization and activity are regulated by phosphorylation, mediated by TORC1, protein kinase A, and Sch9p; localizes to cytoplasm during vegetative growth and translocates to nucleus and nucleolus under stress conditions
yer142c YER142C MAG1 3-methyl-adenine DNA glycosylase; involved in protecting DNA against alkylating agents; initiates base excision repair by removing damaged bases to create abasic sites that are subsequently repaired; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr427w YLR427W MAG2 Cytoplasmic protein of unknown function; induced in response to mycotoxin patulin; ubiquitinated protein similar to the human ring finger motif protein RNF10; predicted to be involved in repair of alkylated DNA due to interaction with MAG1
yel053c YEL053C MAK10 Non-catalytic subunit of N-terminal acetyltransferase of the NatC type; required for replication of dsRNA virus; expression is glucose-repressible
ypr051w YPR051W MAK3 Catalytic subunit of the NatC type N-terminal acetyltransferase; involved in subcellular targeting of select N-terminally acetylated substrates to the Golgi apparatus (Arl3p and Grh1p) and the inner nuclear membrane (Trm1p); required for replication of dsRNA virus
ycr020c-a YCR020C-A MAK31 Non-catalytic subunit of N-terminal acetyltransferase of the NatC type; required for replication of dsRNA virus; member of the Sm protein family
ycr019w YCR019W MAK32 Protein necessary for stability of L-A dsRNA-containing particles
ygr289c YGR289C MAL11 High-affinity maltose transporter (alpha-glucoside transporter); inducible; encoded in the MAL1 complex locus; broad substrate specificity that includes maltotriose; required for isomaltose utilization
ygr292w YGR292W MAL12 Maltase (alpha-D-glucosidase); inducible protein involved in maltose catabolism; encoded in the MAL1 complex locus; hydrolyzes the disaccharides maltose, turanose, maltotriose, and sucrose
ygr288w YGR288W MAL13 MAL-activator protein; part of complex locus MAL1; nonfunctional in genomic reference strain S288C
ybr298c YBR298C MAL31 Maltose permease; high-affinity maltose transporter (alpha-glucoside transporter); encoded in the MAL3 complex locus; member of the 12 transmembrane domain superfamily of sugar transporters; functional in genomic reference strain S288C
ybr299w YBR299W MAL32 Maltase (alpha-D-glucosidase); inducible protein involved in maltose catabolism; encoded in the MAL3 complex locus; functional in genomic reference strain S288C; hydrolyzes the disaccharides maltose, turanose, maltotriose, and sucrose
ybr297w YBR297W MAL33 MAL-activator protein; part of complex locus MAL3; nonfunctional in genomic reference strain S288C
yer106w YER106W MAM1 Monopolin; kinetochore associated protein involved in chromosome attachment to meiotic spindle
yol060c YOL060C MAM3 Protein required for normal mitochondrial morphology; has similarity to hemolysins
yil070c YIL070C MAM33 Acidic protein of the mitochondrial matrix; involved in oxidative phosphorylation; related to the human complement receptor gC1q-R
ylr244c YLR244C MAP1 Methionine aminopeptidase; catalyzes the cotranslational removal of N-terminal methionine from nascent polypeptides; function is partially redundant with that of Map2p
ybl091c YBL091C MAP2 Methionine aminopeptidase; catalyzes the cotranslational removal of N-terminal methionine from nascent polypeptides; function is partially redundant with that of Map1p
ybr185c YBR185C MBA1 Membrane-associated mitochondrial ribosome receptor; forms a complex with Mdm38p that may facilitate recruitment of mRNA-specific translational activators to ribosomes; possible role in protein export from the matrix to inner membrane
yjl199c YJL199C MBB1 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; protein detected in large-scale protein-protein interaction studies
yor298c-a YOR298C-A MBF1 Transcriptional coactivator; bridges the DNA-binding region of Gcn4p and TATA-binding protein Spt15p; suppressor of frameshift mutations; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydl056w YDL056W MBP1 Transcription factor; involved in regulation of cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase, forms a complex with Swi6p that binds to MluI cell cycle box regulatory element in promoters of DNA synthesis genes
ykl093w YKL093W MBR1 Protein involved in mitochondrial functions and stress response; overexpression suppresses growth defects of hap2, hap3, and hap4 mutants; MBR1 has a paralog, ISF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor197w YOR197W MCA1 Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease; may cleave specific substrates during the stress response; regulates apoptosis upon H2O2 treatment; required for clearance of insoluble protein aggregates during normal growth; implicated in cell cycle dynamics; undergoes autocatalytic processing; similar to mammalian metacaspases, but exists as a monomer due to an extra pair of anti-parallel beta-strands that form a continuous beta-sheet, blocking potential dimerization
ydl054c YDL054C MCH1 Protein with similarity to mammalian monocarboxylate permeases; monocarboxylate permeases are involved in transport of monocarboxylic acids across the plasma membrane but mutant is not deficient in monocarboxylate transport
ykl221w YKL221W MCH2 Protein with similarity to mammalian monocarboxylate permeases; monocarboxylate permeases are involved in transport of monocarboxylic acids across the plasma membrane but mutant is not deficient in monocarboxylate transport
yol119c YOL119C MCH4 Protein with similarity to mammalian monocarboxylate permeases; monocarboxylate permeases are involved in transport of monocarboxylic acids across the plasma membrane but mutant is not deficient in monocarboxylate transport
yor306c YOR306C MCH5 Plasma membrane riboflavin transporter; facilitates the uptake of vitamin B2; required for FAD-dependent processes; sequence similarity to mammalian monocarboxylate permeases, however mutants are not deficient in monocarboxylate transport
ynl307c YNL307C MCK1 Dual-specificity ser/thr and tyrosine protein kinase; roles in chromosome segregation, meiotic entry, genome stability, phosphorylation-dependent protein degradation (Rcn1p and Cdc6p), inhibition of protein kinase A, transcriptional regulation, inhibition of RNA pol III, calcium stress and inhibition of Clb2p-Cdc28p after nuclear division; MCK1 has a paralog, YGK3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr046w YPR046W MCM16 Component of the Ctf19 complex and the COMA subcomplex; involved in kinetochore-microtubule mediated chromosome segregation; binds to centromere DNA; orthologous to human centromere constitutive-associated network (CCAN) subunit CENP-H and fission yeast fta3
ydr318w YDR318W MCM21 Component of the kinetochore sub-complex COMA; COMA (Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm21p, Ame1p) bridges kinetochore subunits in contact with centromeric DNA with subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly; involved in minichromosome maintenance; modified by sumoylation; orthologous to human centromere constitutive-associated network (CCAN) subunit CENP-O and fission yeast mal2
yjr135c YJR135C MCM22 Outer kinetochore protein and component of the Ctf3 subcomplex; binds to centromeric DNA in a Ctf19p-dependent manner; involved in chromosome segregation and minichromosome maintenance; orthologous to human centromere constitutive-associated network (CCAN) subunit CENP-K and fission yeast sim4
yor228c YOR228C MCP1 Mitochondrial protein of unknown function involved in lipid homeostasis; integral membrane protein that localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane; involved in mitochondrial morphology; interacts genetically with MDM10, and other members of the ERMES complex; contains five predicted transmembrane domains
ylr253w YLR253W MCP2 Mitochondrial protein of unknown function involved in lipid homeostasis; integral membrane protein that localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial morphology; non-essential gene which interacts genetically with MDM10, and other members of the ERMES complex; transcription is periodic during the metabolic cycle; homologous to human aarF domain containing kinase, ADCK1
ykl150w YKL150W MCR1 Mitochondrial NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase; involved in ergosterol biosynthesis
yor221c YOR221C MCT1 Predicted malonyl-CoA:ACP transferase; putative component of a type-II mitochondrial fatty acid synthase that produces intermediates for phospholipid remodeling
ybr227c YBR227C MCX1 Mitochondrial matrix protein; putative ATP-binding chaperone with non-proteolytic function; similar to bacterial ClpX proteins
yjr024c YJR024C MDE1 5'-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase; acts in the methionine salvage pathway; potential Smt3p sumoylation substrate; expression downregulated by caspofungin and deletion mutant is caspofungin resistant
ynl173c YNL173C MDG1 Plasma membrane protein; involved in G-protein mediated pheromone signaling pathway; overproduction suppresses bem1 mutations; MDG1 has a paralog, CRP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl085w YKL085W MDH1 Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase; catalyzes interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate; involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; phosphorylated
yol126c YOL126C MDH2 Cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase; one of three isozymes that catalyze interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate; involved in the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis during growth on two-carbon compounds; interacts with Pck1p and Fbp1
ydl078c YDL078C MDH3 Peroxisomal malate dehydrogenase; catalyzes interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate; involved in the glyoxylate cycle
yfl016c YFL016C MDJ1 Co-chaperone that stimulates HSP70 protein Ssc1p ATPase activity; involved in protein folding/refolding in the mitochodrial matrix; required for proteolysis of misfolded proteins; member of the HSP40 (DnaJ) family of chaperones
ynl328c YNL328C MDJ2 Constituent of the mitochondrial import motor; associated with the presequence translocase; function overlaps with that of Pam18p; stimulates the ATPase activity of Ssc1p to drive mitochondrial import; contains a J domain
ylr188w YLR188W MDL1 Mitochondrial inner membrane half-type ABC transporter; mediates export of peptides generated upon proteolysis of mitochondrial proteins; plays a role in the regulation of cellular resistance to oxidative stress
ypl270w YPL270W MDL2 Mitochondrial inner membrane half-type ABC transporter; required for respiratory growth at high temperature; localizes to vacuole membrane in response to H2O2; similar to human TAP1 and TAP2 implicated in bare lymphocyte syndrome and Wegener-like granulomatosis
yml104c YML104C MDM1 Intermediate filament protein; required for nuclear and mitochondrial transmission to daughter buds; contains a Phox homology (PX) domain and specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P)
yal010c YAL010C MDM10 Subunit of both the ERMES and the SAM complex; component of ERMES complex which acts as a molecular tether between the mitochondria and the ER, necessary for efficient phospholipid exchange between organelles and for mitophagy; SAM/TOB complex component that functions in the assembly of outer membrane beta-barrel proteins; involved in mitochondrial inheritance and morphology
yol009c YOL009C MDM12 Mitochondrial outer membrane protein, ERMES complex subunit; required for transmission of mitochondria to daughter cells; required for mitophagy; may influence import and assembly of outer membrane beta-barrel proteins
yol076w YOL076W MDM20 Non-catalytic subunit of the NatB N-terminal acetyltransferase; NatB catalyzes N-acetylation of proteins with specific N-terminal sequences; involved in mitochondrial inheritance and actin assembly
ylr368w YLR368W MDM30 F-box component of an SCF ubiquitin protein ligase complex; associates with and is required for Fzo1p ubiquitination and for mitochondria fusion; stimulates nuclear export of specific mRNAs; promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Gal4p in some strains
yhr194w YHR194W MDM31 Mitochondrial protein that may have a role in phospholipid metabolism; inner membrane protein with similarity to Mdm32p; required for normal mitochondrial morphology and inheritance; interacts genetically with MMM1, MMM2, MDM10, MDM12, and MDM34
yor147w YOR147W MDM32 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein with similarity to Mdm31p; required for normal mitochondrial morphology and inheritance; interacts genetically with MMM1, MDM10, MDM12, and MDM34
ygl219c YGL219C MDM34 Mitochondrial component of the ERMES complex; links the ER to mitochondria and may promote inter-organellar calcium and phospholipid exchange as well as coordinating mitochondrial DNA replication and growth; required for mitophagy
ykl053c-a YKL053C-A MDM35 Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein; mutation affects mitochondrial distribution and morphology; contains twin cysteine-x9-cysteine motifs; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypr083w YPR083W MDM36 Mitochondrial protein; required for normal mitochondrial morphology and inheritance; component of the mitochondria-ER-cortex-ancor (MECA); interacts with Num1p to link the ER and mitochondria at the cell cortex; proposed involvement in the formation of Dnm1p and Num1p-containing cortical anchor complexes that promote mitochondrial fission
yol027c YOL027C MDM38 Mitochondrial protein; forms a complex with Mba1p to facilitate recruitment of mRNA-specific translational activators to ribosomes; roles in protein export and K+/H+ exchange; human ortholog Letm1 implicated in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
ygr100w YGR100W MDR1 Cytoplasmic GTPase-activating protein; activates Ypt/Rab transport GTPases Ypt6p, Ypt31p and Sec4p; involved in recycling of internalized proteins and regulation of Golgi secretory function
ygl197w YGL197W MDS3 Putative component of the TOR regulatory pathway; negative regulator of early meiotic gene expression; required, with Pmd1p, for growth under alkaline conditions; has an N-terminal kelch-like domain; MDS3 has a paralog, PMD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl112w YJL112W MDV1 Peripheral protein of cytosolic face of mitochondrial outer membrane; required for mitochondrial fission; interacts with Fis1p and with the dynamin-related GTPase Dnm1p; contains WD repeats; MDV1 has a paralog, CAF4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol111c YOL111C MDY2 Protein involved in inserting tail-anchored proteins into ER membranes; forms a complex with Get4p; required for efficient mating; involved in shmoo formation and nuclear migration in the pre-zygote; associates with ribosomes
ylr288c YLR288C MEC3 DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoint protein; subunit of a heterotrimeric complex (Rad17p-Mec3p-Ddc1p) that forms a sliding clamp, loaded onto partial duplex DNA by a clamp loader complex; homolog of human and S. pombe Hus1
ypr070w YPR070W MED1 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; essential for transcriptional regulation
ydl005c YDL005C MED2 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; essential for transcriptional regulation; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ylr069c YLR069C MEF1 Mitochondrial elongation factor involved in translational elongation
yjl102w YJL102W MEF2 Mitochondrial elongation factor involved in translational elongation
ykr007w YKR007W MEH1 Component of the EGO and GSE complexes; EGO is involved in the regulation of microautophagy and GSE is required for proper sorting of amino acid permease Gap1p; loss results in a defect in vacuolar acidification
yer044c-a YER044C-A MEI4 Meiosis-specific protein involved in forming DSBs; involved in double-strand break (DSBs) formation during meiotic recombination; required for chromosome synapsis and production of viable spores
ypl121c YPL121C MEI5 Meiosis-specific protein involved in meiotic recombination; involved in DMC1-dependent meiotic recombination; forms heterodimer with Sae3p; proposed to be an assembly factor for Dmc1p
yor351c YOR351C MEK1 Meiosis-specific serine/threonine protein kinase; functions in meiotic checkpoint, promotes recombination between homologous chromosomes by suppressing double strand break repair between sister chromatids; stabilizes Hop1-Thr318 phosphorylation to promote interhomolog recombination and checkpoint responses during meiosis
ygr121c YGR121C MEP1 Ammonium permease; belongs to a ubiquitous family of cytoplasmic membrane proteins that transport only ammonium (NH4+); expression is under the nitrogen catabolite repression regulation; MEP1 has a paralog, MEP3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl142w YNL142W MEP2 Ammonium permease involved in regulation of pseudohyphal growth; belongs to a ubiquitous family of cytoplasmic membrane proteins that transport only ammonium (NH4+); expression is under the nitrogen catabolite repression regulation
ypr138c YPR138C MEP3 Ammonium permease of high capacity and low affinity; belongs to a ubiquitous family of cytoplasmic membrane proteins that transport only ammonium (NH4+); expression is under the nitrogen catabolite repression regulation ammonia permease; MEP3 has a paralog, MEP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr069w YKR069W MET1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine uroporphyrinogen III transmethylase; involved in the biosynthesis of siroheme, a prosthetic group used by sulfite reductase; required for sulfate assimilation and methionine biosynthesis
yfr030w YFR030W MET10 Subunit alpha of assimilatory sulfite reductase; complex converts sulfite into sulfide
ypl023c YPL023C MET12 Protein with MTHFR activity in vitro; null mutant has no phenotype and is prototrophic for methionine; MET13 encodes major isozyme of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)
ygl125w YGL125W MET13 Major isozyme of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the methionine biosynthesis pathway
ykl001c YKL001C MET14 Adenylylsulfate kinase; required for sulfate assimilation and involved in methionine metabolism
ypr167c YPR167C MET16 3'-phosphoadenylsulfate reductase; reduces 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate to adenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate and free sulfite using reduced thioredoxin as cosubstrate, involved in sulfate assimilation and methionine metabolism
ylr303w YLR303W MET17 O-acetyl homoserine-O-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase; required for Methionine and cysteine biosynthesis
yil128w YIL128W MET18 Component of cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) machinery; acts at a late step of Fe-S cluster assembly; forms the CIA targeting complex with Cia1p and Cia2p that directs Fe-S cluster incorporation into a subset of proteins involved in methionine biosynthesis, DNA replication and repair, transcription, and telomere maintenance; ortholog of human MMS19
ynl277w YNL277W MET2 L-homoserine-O-acetyltransferase; catalyzes the conversion of homoserine to O-acetyl homoserine which is the first step of the methionine biosynthetic pathway
yol064c YOL064C MET22 Bisphosphate-3'-nucleotidase; involved in salt tolerance and methionine biogenesis; dephosphorylates 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, intermediates of the sulfate assimilation pathway
yir017c YIR017C MET28 bZIP transcriptional activator in the Cbf1p-Met4p-Met28p complex; participates in the regulation of sulfur metabolism
yjr010w YJR010W MET3 ATP sulfurylase; catalyzes the primary step of intracellular sulfate activation, essential for assimilatory reduction of sulfate to sulfide, involved in methionine metabolism
ypl038w YPL038W MET31 Zinc-finger DNA-binding transcription factor; targets strong transcriptional activator Met4p to promoters of sulfur metabolic genes; involved in transcriptional regulation of the methionine biosynthetic genes; feedforward loop controlling expression of MET32 and the lack of such a loop for MET31 may account for the differential actions of Met31p and Met32p; MET31 has a paralog, MET32, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr253c YDR253C MET32 Zinc-finger DNA-binding transcription factor; involved in transcriptional regulation of the methionine biosynthetic genes; targets strong transcriptional activator Met4p to promoters of sulfur metabolic genes; feedforward loop exists in the regulation of genes controlled by Met4p and Met32p; lack of such a loop for MET31 may account for the differential actions of Met32p and Met31p; MET32 has a paralog, MET31, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr137c YJR137C MET5 Sulfite reductase beta subunit; involved in amino acid biosynthesis, transcription repressed by methionine
yer091c YER091C MET6 Cobalamin-independent methionine synthase; involved in methionine biosynthesis and regeneration; requires a minimum of two glutamates on the methyltetrahydrofolate substrate, similar to bacterial metE homologs
yor241w YOR241W MET7 Folylpolyglutamate synthetase; catalyzes extension of the glutamate chains of the folate coenzymes, required for methionine synthesis and for maintenance of mitochondrial DNA; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr213w YBR213W MET8 Bifunctional dehydrogenase and ferrochelatase; involved in the biosynthesis of siroheme, a prosthetic group used by sulfite reductase; required for sulfate assimilation and methionine biosynthesis
ylr017w YLR017W MEU1 Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP); catalyzes the initial step in the methionine salvage pathway; affects polyamine biosynthesis through regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (Spe1p) activity; regulates ADH2 gene expression
ypl187w YPL187W MF(ALPHA)1 Mating pheromone alpha-factor, made by alpha cells; interacts with mating type a cells to induce cell cycle arrest and other responses leading to mating; also encoded by MF(ALPHA)2, although MF(ALPHA)1 produces most alpha-factor; MF(ALPHA)1 has a paralog, MF(ALPHA)2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl089c YGL089C MF(ALPHA)2 Mating pheromone alpha-factor, made by alpha cells; interacts with mating type a cells to induce cell cycle arrest and other responses leading to mating; also encoded by MF(ALPHA)1, which is more highly expressed; MF(ALPHA)2 has a paralog, MF(ALPHA)1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr461w YDR461W MFA1 Mating pheromone a-factor; made by a cells; interacts with alpha cells to induce cell cycle arrest and other responses leading to mating; biogenesis involves C-terminal modification, N-terminal proteolysis, and export; also encoded by MFA2
ynl145w YNL145W MFA2 Mating pheromone a-factor; made by a cells; interacts with alpha cells to induce cell cycle arrest and other responses leading to mating; biogenesis involves C-terminal modification, N-terminal proteolysis, and export; also encoded by MFA1
ydr219c YDR219C MFB1 Mitochondria-associated F-box protein; involved in maintenance of normal mitochondrial morphology; interacts with Skp1p through the F-box motif; preferentially localizes to the mother cell during budding
ydl233w YDL233W MFG1 Regulator of filamentous growth; interacts with FLO11 promoter and regulates FLO11 expression; binds to transcription factors Flo8p and Mss11p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus; YDL233W is not an essential gene
ypl060w YPL060W MFM1 Mitochondrial inner membrane magnesium transporter; involved in maintenance of mitochondrial magnesium concentrations and membrane potential; indirectly affects splicing of group II introns; functionally and structurally related to Mrs2p
yml062c YML062C MFT1 Subunit of the THO complex; THO is a nuclear complex comprised of Hpr1p, Mft1p, Rlr1p, and Thp2p, that is involved in transcription elongation and mitotic recombination; involved in telomere maintenance
ygr249w YGR249W MGA1 Protein similar to heat shock transcription factor; multicopy suppressor of pseudohyphal growth defects of ammonium permease mutants
yir033w YIR033W MGA2 ER membrane protein involved in regulation of OLE1 transcription; inactive ER form dimerizes and one subunit is then activated by ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent processing followed by nuclear targeting; MGA2 has a paralog, SPT23, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor211c YOR211C MGM1 Mitochondrial GTPase, present in complex with Ugo1p and Fzo1p; required for mitochondrial morphology, fusion, and genome maintenance; exists as long and short form with different distributions; ratio of long to short forms is regulated by Psd1p; homolog of human OPA1 involved in autosomal dominant optic atrophy
yjr144w YJR144W MGM101 Protein with a role in mitochondrial DNA recombinational repair; also involved in interstrand cross-link repair; binds to and catalyzes the annealing of single-stranded mtDNA; oligomerizes to form rings and filaments; related to Rad52-type recombination proteins, with limited overall similarity but sharing conserved functionally important residues; component of the mitochondrial nucleoid, required for the repair of oxidative mtDNA damage
ycl044c YCL044C MGR1 Subunit of the mitochondrial (mt) i-AAA protease supercomplex; i-AAA degrades misfolded mitochondrial proteins; forms a subcomplex with Mgr3p that binds to substrates to facilitate proteolysis; required for growth of cells lacking mtDNA
ypl098c YPL098C MGR2 Subunit of the TIM23 translocase complex; acts to couple Tim21p with the core Tim23 translocase; absolutely required for mitochondrial import of presequence-containing proteins at elevated temperature; required for viability of cells lacking the mitochondrial genome (petite-negative phenotype)
ymr115w YMR115W MGR3 Subunit of the mitochondrial (mt) i-AAA protease supercomplex; i-AAA degrades misfolded mitochondrial proteins; forms a subcomplex with Mgr1p that binds to substrates to facilitate proteolysis; required for growth of cells lacking mtDNA
ynl218w YNL218W MGS1 Protein with DNA-dependent ATPase and ssDNA annealing activities; involved in maintenance of genome; interacts functionally with DNA polymerase delta; homolog of human Werner helicase interacting protein (WHIP); forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
ydl200c YDL200C MGT1 DNA repair methyltransferase (6-O-methylguanine-DNA methylase); involved in protection against DNA alkylation damage
yjr008w YJR008W MHO1 Protein of unknown function; inhibits haploid invasive growth when overexpressed; synthetically lethal with phospholipase C (PLC1); expression induced by mild heat-stress on a non-fermentable carbon source, upon entry into stationary phase and upon nitrogen deprivation; repressed by inosine and choline in an Opi1p-dependent manner; highly conserved from bacteria to human; Memo, the human homolog, is an ErbB2 interacting protein with an essential function in cell motility
yjl042w YJL042W MHP1 Microtubule-associated protein involved in microtubule organization; involved in assembly and stabilization of microtubules; overproduction results in cell cycle arrest at G2 phase; similar to Drosophila protein MAP and to mammalian MAP4 proteins
ydr296w YDR296W MHR1 Protein involved in homologous recombination in mitochondria; required for recombination-dependent mtDNA partitioning; involved in stimulation of mitochondrial DNA replication in response to oxidative stress
yll062c YLL062C MHT1 S-methylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase; functions along with Sam4p in the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to methionine to control the methionine/AdoMet ratio
ydr031w YDR031W MIC14 Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein of unknown function; required for normal oxygen consumption; contains twin cysteine-x9-cysteine motifs; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr002w YMR002W MIC17 Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein; required for normal oxygen consumption; contains twin cysteine-x9-cysteine motifs; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybl107c YBL107C MIC23 Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein of unknown function; imported via the MIA import machinery; contains an unusual twin cysteine motif (CX13C CX14C)
ynl291c YNL291C MID1 N-glycosylated integral membrane protein of the ER and plasma membrane; functions as a stretch-activated Ca2+-permeable cation channel required for Ca2+ influx stimulated by pheromone; interacts with Cch1p; forms an oligomer
ylr332w YLR332W MID2 O-glycosylated plasma membrane protein; acts as a sensor for cell wall integrity signaling and activates the pathway; interacts with Rom2p, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho1p, and with cell integrity pathway protein Zeo1p; MID2 has a paralog, MTL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl035c YGL035C MIG1 Transcription factor involved in glucose repression; sequence specific DNA binding protein containing two Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs; regulated by the SNF1 kinase and the GLC7 phosphatase; regulates filamentous growth along with Mig2p in response to glucose depletion; shuttles between cytosol and nucleus depending on external glucose levels and its phosphorylation state
ygl209w YGL209W MIG2 Zinc finger transcriptional repressor; cooperates with Mig1p in glucose-induced repression of many genes; under low glucose conditions Mig2p relocalizes to mitochondrion, where it interacts with Ups1p and antagonizes mitochondrial fission factor, Dnm1p, indicative of a role in mitochondrial fusion or regulating morphology; regulates filamentous growth along with Mig2p in response to glucose depletion; MIG2 has a paralog, MIG3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer028c YER028C MIG3 Transcriptional regulator; partially nonfunctional in S288C strains but has a major role in catabolite repression and ethanol response in some other strains; involved in response to toxic agents; phosphorylation by Snf1p or the Mec1p pathway inactivates Mig3p, allowing induction of damage response genes; MIG3 has a paralog, MIG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr036c YMR036C MIH1 Protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in cell cycle control; regulates the phosphorylation state of Cdc28p; homolog of S. pombe cdc25
yor330c YOR330C MIP1 Mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma subunit; conserved C-terminal segment is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial genome; mutations in the human ortholog POLG are associated with Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome (AHS) and other mitochondrial diseases; Mip1p is the single subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase in yeast, in contrast to metazoans in which there is a complex of a catalytic subunit and an accessory subunit
yhr015w YHR015W MIP6 Putative RNA-binding protein; interacts with Mex67p, which is a component of the nuclear pore involved in nuclear mRNA export; MIP6 has a paralog, PES4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr077c YJR077C MIR1 Mitochondrial phosphate carrier; imports inorganic phosphate into mitochondria; functionally redundant with Pic2p but more abundant than Pic2p under normal conditions; phosphorylated
ybr084w YBR084W MIS1 Mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase; involved in interconversion between different oxidation states of tetrahydrofolate (THF); provides activities of formyl-THF synthetase, methenyl-THF cyclohydrolase, and methylene-THF dehydrogenase
yel007w YEL007W MIT1 Transcriptional regulator of pseudohyphal growth; protein with sequence similarity to S. pombe gti1+ (gluconate transport inducer 1) and C. albicans Wor1
ydr144c YDR144C MKC7 GPI-anchored aspartyl protease; member of the yapsin family of proteases involved in cell wall growth and maintenance; shares functions with Yap3p and Kex2p; MKC7 has a paralog, YPS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor231w YOR231W MKK1 MAPKK involved in the protein kinase C signaling pathway; involved in control of cell integrity; upon activation by Bck1p phosphorylates downstream target, Slt2p; functionally redundant with Mkk2p; MKK1 has a paralog, MKK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl140c YPL140C MKK2 MAPKK involved in the protein kinase C signaling pathway; involved in control of cell integrity; upon activation by Bck1p phosphorylates downstream target, Slt2p; functionally redundant with Mkk1p; MKK2 has a paralog, MKK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl076w YNL076W MKS1 Pleiotropic negative transcriptional regulator; involved in Ras-CAMP and lysine biosynthetic pathways and nitrogen regulation; involved in retrograde (RTG) mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling
ynl085w YNL085W MKT1 Protein that forms a complex with Pbp1p; complex may mediate posttranscriptional regulation of HO; involved in propagation of M2 dsRNA satellite of L-A virus; allelic variation affects mitochondrial genome stability, drug resistance, and more; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ypr188c YPR188C MLC2 Regulatory light chain for the type II myosin Myo1p; binds to an IQ motif of Myo1p, localization to the bud neck depends on Myo1p; involved in the disassembly of the Myo1p ring
ynl074c YNL074C MLF3 Serine-rich protein of unknown function; predicted to be palmitoylated; overproduction suppresses growth inhibition caused by exposure to immunosuppressant leflunomide; MLF3 has a paralog, VHS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr167w YMR167W MLH1 Protein required for mismatch repair in mitosis and meiosis; also required for crossing over during meiosis; forms a complex with Pms1p and Msh2p-Msh3p during mismatch repair; human homolog is associated with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer
ylr035c YLR035C MLH2 Protein involved in mismatch repair and meiotic recombination; only certain frameshift intermediates are mismatch repair substrates; forms a complex with Mlh1p
ypl164c YPL164C MLH3 Protein involved in DNA mismatch repair and meiotic recombination; involved in crossing-over during meiotic recombination; forms a complex with Mlh1p; mammalian homolog is implicated mammalian microsatellite instability
ykr095w YKR095W MLP1 Myosin-like protein associated with the nuclear envelope; connects the nuclear pore complex with the nuclear interior; involved with Tel1p in telomere length control; involved with Pml1p and Pml39p in nuclear retention of unspliced mRNAs; MLP1 has a paralog, MLP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil149c YIL149C MLP2 Myosin-like protein associated with the nuclear envelope; connects the nuclear pore complex with the nuclear interior; involved in the Tel1p pathway that controls telomere length; MLP2 has a paralog, MLP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl117w YNL117W MLS1 Malate synthase, enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle; involved in utilization of non-fermentable carbon sources; expression is subject to carbon catabolite repression; localizes in peroxisomes during growth on oleic acid, otherwise cytosolic; can accept butyryl-CoA as acyl-CoA donor in addition to traditional substrate acetyl-CoA
yll006w YLL006W MMM1 ER integral membrane protein, ERMES complex subunit; ERMES links the ER to mitochondria and may promote inter-organellar calcium and phospholipid exchange as well as coordinating mitochondrial DNA replication and growth; required for mitophagy
yll061w YLL061W MMP1 High-affinity S-methylmethionine permease; required for utilization of S-methylmethionine as a sulfur source; has similarity to S-adenosylmethionine permease Sam3p
ylr190w YLR190W MMR1 Phosphorylated protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane; localizes only to mitochondria of the bud; interacts with Myo2p to mediate mitochondrial distribution to buds; mRNA is targeted to the bud via the transport system involving She2p
ypr164w YPR164W MMS1 Subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in replication repair; stabilizes protein components of the replication fork such as the fork-pausing complex and leading strand polymerase, preventing fork collapse and promoting efficient recovery during replication stress; regulates Ty1 transposition; involved with Rtt101p in nonfunctional rRNA decay
ygl087c YGL087C MMS2 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant; involved in error-free postreplication repair; forms a heteromeric complex with Ubc13p, an active ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; cooperates with chromatin-associated RING finger proteins, Rad18p and Rad5p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr320w YLR320W MMS22 Subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in replication repair; stabilizes protein components of the replication fork, such as the fork-pausing complex and leading strand polymerase, preventing fork collapse and promoting efficient recovery during replication stress; required for accurate meiotic chromosome segregation
ymr177w YMR177W MMT1 Putative metal transporter involved in mitochondrial iron accumulation; MMT1 has a paralog, MMT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl224c YPL224C MMT2 Putative metal transporter involved in mitochondrial iron accumulation; MMT2 has a paralog, MMT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yir025w YIR025W MND2 Subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C); necessary for maintaining sister chromatid cohesion in prophase I of meiosis by inhibiting premature ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of substrates by the APC(Ama1) ubiquitin ligase
yor350c YOR350C MNE1 Protein involved in splicing Group I aI5-beta intron from COX1 mRNA; mitochondrial matrix protein
yhr204w YHR204W MNL1 Alpha-1,2-specific exomannosidase of the endoplasmic reticulum; in complex with Pdi1p, generates a Man7GlcNac2 oligosaccharide signal on glycoproteins destined for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation
ylr057w YLR057W MNL2 Putative mannosidase involved in ER-associated protein degradation; localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; sequence similarity with seven-hairpin glycosidase (GH47) family members, such as Mns1p and Mnl1p, that hydrolyze 1,2-linked alpha-D-mannose residues; non-essential gene
yer001w YER001W MNN1 Alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase; integral membrane glycoprotein of the Golgi complex, required for addition of alpha1,3-mannose linkages to N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides, one of five S. cerevisiae proteins of the MNN1 family
ydr245w YDR245W MNN10 Subunit of a Golgi mannosyltransferase complex; complex mediates elongation of the polysaccharide mannan backbone; membrane protein of the mannosyltransferase family; other members of the complex are Anp1p, Mnn9p, Mnn11p, and Hoc1p
yjl183w YJL183W MNN11 Subunit of a Golgi mannosyltransferase complex; this complex also contains Anp1p, Mnn9p, Mnn10p, and Hoc1p, and mediates elongation of the polysaccharide mannan backbone; has homology to Mnn10p
ybr015c YBR015C MNN2 Alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase; responsible for addition of the first alpha-1,2-linked mannose to form the branches on the mannan backbone of oligosaccharides, localizes to an early Golgi compartment
ykl201c YKL201C MNN4 Putative positive regulator of mannosylphosphate transferase Mnn6p; involved in mannosylphosphorylation of N-linked oligosaccharides; expression increases in late-logarithmic and stationary growth phases; coding sequence contains length polymorphisms in different strains; MNN4 has a paralog, YJR061W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl186w YJL186W MNN5 Alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase; responsible for addition of the second alpha-1,2-linked mannose of the branches on the mannan backbone of oligosaccharides, localizes to an early Golgi compartment
ypl050c YPL050C MNN9 Subunit of Golgi mannosyltransferase complex; this complex mediates elongation of the polysaccharide mannan backbone; forms a separate complex with Van1p that is also involved in backbone elongation; this complex also contains Anp1p, Mnn10p, Mnn11p, and Hoc1p
ykl064w YKL064W MNR2 Vacuolar membrane protein required for magnesium homeostasis; putative magnesium transporter; has similarity to Alr1p and Alr2p, which mediate influx of Mg2+ and other divalent cations
yjr131w YJR131W MNS1 Alpha-1,2-mannosidase; involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD); catalyzes the removal of one mannose residue from a glycosylated protein, converting the modification from Man9GlcNAc to Man8GlcNAc; catalyzes the last step in glycoprotein maturation in the ER and is critical for ER protein degradation
ygl257c YGL257C MNT2 Mannosyltransferase; involved in adding the 4th and 5th mannose residues of O-linked glycans
yil014w YIL014W MNT3 Alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase; adds the fourth and fifth alpha-1,3-linked mannose residues to O-linked glycans during protein O-glycosylation
ynr059w YNR059W MNT4 Putative alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase; not required for protein O-glycosylation
yor274w YOR274W MOD5 Delta 2-isopentenyl pyrophosphate:tRNA isopentenyl transferase; required for biosynthesis of the modified base isopentenyladenosine in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tRNAs; gene is nuclear and encodes two isozymic forms; converts to a prion form, and prion conversion contributes to azole antifungal resistance by upregulating ergosterol biosynthesis
yjr074w YJR074W MOG1 Conserved nuclear protein that interacts with GTP-Gsp1p; stimulates nucleotide release from Gsp1p; involved in nuclear protein import; nucleotide release is inhibited by Yrb1p
ybl049w YBL049W MOH1 Protein of unknown function; has homology to kinase Snf7p; not required for growth on nonfermentable carbon sources; essential for survival in stationary phase; possibly linked with vacuolar transport
ygl124c YGL124C MON1 Protein required for cvt-vesicle/autophagosome fusion with the vacuole; associates, as a complex with Ccz1p, with a perivacuolar compartment; potential Cdc28p substrate
ynl297c YNL297C MON2 Protein with a role in endocytosis and vacuole integrity; peripheral membrane protein; interacts with and negatively regulates Arl1p; localizes to the endosome; member of the Sec7p family of proteins
ygr235c YGR235C MOS2 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; non-essential component of the mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system (MINOS, MitOS, or MICOS), a scaffold-like structure on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane which has a role in the maintenance of crista junctions and inner membrane architecture
yer068w YER068W MOT2 Ubiquitin-protein ligase subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex; with Ubc4p, ubiquitinates nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunits and histone demethyase Jhd2p; CCR4-NOT has roles in transcription regulation, mRNA degradation, and post-transcriptional modifications; regulates levels of DNA Polymerase-{alpha} to promote efficient and accurate DNA replication
ymr070w YMR070W MOT3 Transcriptional repressor and activator with two C2-H2 zinc fingers; involved in repression of a subset of hypoxic genes by Rox1p, repression of several DAN/TIR genes during aerobic growth and ergosterol biosynthetic genes in response to hyperosmotic stress; contributes to recruitment of Tup1p-Cyc8p general repressor to promoters; involved in positive transcriptional regulation of CWP2 and other genes; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; can form [MOT3+] prion
ynl249c YNL249C MPA43 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yhr162w YHR162W MPC2 Highly conserved subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier; a mitochondrial inner membrane complex comprised of Fmp37p/Mpc1p and either Mpc2p or Fmp43p/Mpc3p mediates mitochondrial pyruvate uptake; more highly expressed in glucose-containing minimal medium than in lactate-containing medium; MPC2 has a paralog, FMP43, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor177c YOR177C MPC54 Component of the meiotic outer plaque; a membrane-organizing center which is assembled on the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole body during meiosis II and triggers the formation of the prospore membrane; potential Cdc28p substrate
yor288c YOR288C MPD1 Member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family; interacts with and inhibits the chaperone activity of Cne1p; MPD1 overexpression in a pdi1 null mutant suppresses defects in Pdi1p functions such as carboxypeptidase Y maturation
yol088c YOL088C MPD2 Member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family; exhibits chaperone activity; overexpression suppresses the lethality of a pdi1 deletion but does not complement all Pdi1p functions; undergoes oxidation by Ero1p
yir002c YIR002C MPH1 3'-5' DNA helicase involved in error-free bypass of DNA lesions; binds flap DNA in error-free bypass pathway, stimulates activity of Rad27p and Dna2p; prevents crossovers between ectopic sequences by removing substrates for Mus81-Mms4 or Rad1-Rad10 cleavage; similar to FANCM human Fanconi anemia complementation group protein that with MHF complex is involved in stabilizing and remodeling blocked replication forks; member of SF2 DExD/H superfamily of helicases
yjl066c YJL066C MPM1 Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein of unknown function
ynr024w YNR024W MPP6 Nuclear exosome-associated RNA binding protein; involved in surveillance of pre-rRNAs and pre-mRNAs, and the degradation of cryptic non-coding RNAs (ncRNA); copurifies with ribosomes; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ymr224c YMR224C MRE11 Nuclease subunit of the MRX complex with Rad50p and Xrs2p; complex functions in repair of DNA double-strand breaks and in telomere stability; Mre11p associates with Ser/Thr-rich ORFs in premeiotic phase; nuclease activity required for MRX function; widely conserved; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
ygl143c YGL143C MRF1 Mitochondrial translation release factor; involved in stop codon recognition and hydrolysis of the peptidyl-tRNA bond during mitochondrial translation; lack of MRF1 causes mitochondrial genome instability
ydr033w YDR033W MRH1 Protein that localizes primarily to the plasma membrane; also found at the nuclear envelope; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in mitochondria in a phosphorylated state; MRH1 has a paralog, YRO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl064c YGL064C MRH4 Mitochondrial ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the DEAD-box family; required for assembly of the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomes; binds to the large subunit rRNA, 21S_rRNA; localizes to the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associates with the large subunit precursor and with mature ribosomes
ypr118w YPR118W MRI1 5'-methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase; catalyzes the isomerization of 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate to 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate in the methionine salvage pathway
ydl079c YDL079C MRK1 Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) homolog; one of four GSK-3 homologs in S. cerevisiae that function to activate Msn2p-dependent transcription of stress responsive genes and that function in protein degradation; MRK1 has a paralog, RIM11, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr079w YPR079W MRL1 Membrane protein; has similarity to mammalian mannose-6-phosphate receptors; possibly functions as a sorting receptor in the delivery of vacuolar hydrolases; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor201c YOR201C MRM1 Ribose methyltransferase; modifies a functionally critical, conserved nucleotide in mitochondrial 21S rRNA
ygl136c YGL136C MRM2 Mitochondrial 2' O-ribose methyltransferase; required for methylation of U(2791) in 21S rRNA; MRM2 deletion confers thermosensitive respiration and loss of mitochondrial DNA; has similarity to Spb1p and Trm7p, and to E. coli FtsJ/RrmJ
ypl184c YPL184C MRN1 RNA-binding protein that may be involved in translational regulation; binds specific categories of mRNAs, including those that contain upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and internal ribosome entry sites (IRES); interacts genetically with chromatin remodelers and splicing factors, linking chromatin state, splicing and as a result mRNA maturation
ydr347w YDR347W MRP1 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; MRP1 exhibits genetic interactions with PET122, encoding a COX3-specific translational activator, and with PET123, encoding a small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal protein
ydl045w-a YDL045W-A MRP10 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; contains twin cysteine-x9-cysteine motifs
ygr084c YGR084C MRP13 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
ykl003c YKL003C MRP17 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; MRP17 exhibits genetic interactions with PET122, encoding a COX3-specific translational activator
ypr166c YPR166C MRP2 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
ydr405w YDR405W MRP20 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ybl090w YBL090W MRP21 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; MRP21 exhibits genetic interactions with mutations in the COX2 and COX3 mRNA 5'-untranslated leader sequences
ykl167c YKL167C MRP49 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; not essential for mitochondrial translation
ypl118w YPL118W MRP51 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; MRP51 exhibits genetic interactions with mutations in the COX2 and COX3 mRNA 5'-untranslated leader sequences
ynl005c YNL005C MRP7 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ykl142w YKL142W MRP8 Protein of unknown function; undergoes sumoylation; transcription induced under cell wall stress; protein levels are reduced under anaerobic conditions; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; originally thought to be a mitochondrial ribosomal protein based on sequence analysis
ydr116c YDR116C MRPL1 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ynl284c YNL284C MRPL10 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; appears as two protein spots (YmL10 and YmL18) on two-dimensional SDS gels
ydl202w YDL202W MRPL11 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; localizes to vacuole in response to H2O2
ykr006c YKR006C MRPL13 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; not essential for mitochondrial translation
ylr312w-a YLR312W-A MRPL15 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ybl038w YBL038W MRPL16 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; homologous to bacterial L16 ribosomal protein; synthetically lethal with hac1 mutant suggesting a role in the maturation of secretory proteins
ynl252c YNL252C MRPL17 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ykr085c YKR085C MRPL20 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ynl177c YNL177C MRPL22 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
yor150w YOR150W MRPL23 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; localizes to vacuole in response to H2O2
ymr193w YMR193W MRPL24 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; two mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, YmL14 and YmL24, have been assigned to the same gene
ygr076c YGR076C MRPL25 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; mutation confers increased replicative lifespan
ybr282w YBR282W MRPL27 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; homolog of human Bcl-2 interacting protein BMRP
ydr462w YDR462W MRPL28 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr024w YMR024W MRPL3 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; located in close proximity to the polypeptide exit channel of the ribosome; mutations in human homolog MRPL44 cause childhood cardiomyopathy; human MRPL44 deficiency results in inefficient assembly of the mitochondrial ribosome, and in tissue-specific respiratory chain deficiency, manifesting as either Complex I+Complex IV or Complex IV deficiency, depending on a cell type
ykl138c YKL138C MRPL31 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ycr003w YCR003W MRPL32 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr286w YMR286W MRPL33 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ydr322w YDR322W MRPL35 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ybr122c YBR122C MRPL36 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; overproduction suppresses mutations in the COX2 leader peptide-encoding region
ybr268w YBR268W MRPL37 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ykl170w YKL170W MRPL38 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; appears as two protein spots (YmL34 and YmL38) on two-dimensional SDS gels; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yml009c YML009C MRPL39 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ylr439w YLR439W MRPL4 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; homolog of prokaryotic L29 ribosomal protein; located at the ribosomal tunnel exit
ypl173w YPL173W MRPL40 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ymr225c YMR225C MRPL44 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yjl096w YJL096W MRPL49 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ynr022c YNR022C MRPL50 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; not essential for mitochondrial translation
ypr100w YPR100W MRPL51 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
yhr147c YHR147C MRPL6 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ydr237w YDR237W MRPL7 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; MRPL7 produces both YmL5 and YmL7, which are two different modified forms of the same protein
yjl063c YJL063C MRPL8 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ygr220c YGR220C MRPL9 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit
ynr036c YNR036C MRPS12 Mitochondrial protein; may interact with ribosomes based on co-purification experiments; similar to E. coli and human mitochondrial S12 ribosomal proteins
ypl013c YPL013C MRPS16 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
ymr188c YMR188C MRPS17 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
ydr337w YDR337W MRPS28 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
ygr165w YGR165W MRPS35 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; null mutant does not grow on glycerol, is sensitive to 2,4-dichlorophenol, and accumulates large lipid droplets
ybr251w YBR251W MRPS5 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
ymr158w YMR158W MRPS8 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
ybr146w YBR146W MRPS9 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
yir021w YIR021W MRS1 Splicing protein; required for splicing of two mitochondrial group I introns (BI3 in COB and AI5beta in COX1); forms a splicing complex, containing four subunits of Mrs1p and two subunits of the BI3-encoded maturase, that binds to the BI3 RNA; MRS1 has a paralog, CCE1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor334w YOR334W MRS2 Mitochondrial inner membrane Mg(2+) channel; required for maintenance of intramitochondrial Mg(2+) concentrations at the correct level to support splicing of group II introns
yjl133w YJL133W MRS3 Iron transporter, mediates Fe2+ transport across inner mito membrane; mitochondrial carrier family member; active under low-iron conditions; may transport other cations; MRS3 has a paralog, MRS4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr052c YKR052C MRS4 Iron transporter of the mitochondrial carrier family; mediates Fe2+ transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane; active under low-iron conditions; may transport other cations; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; MRS4 has a paralog, MRS3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl009w YKL009W MRT4 Protein involved in mRNA turnover and ribosome assembly; required at post-transcriptional step for efficient retrotransposition; localizes to the nucleolus
yor066w YOR066W MSA1 Activator of G1-specific transcription factors MBF and SBF; involved in regulation of the timing of G1-specific gene transcription and cell cycle initiation; localization is cell-cycle dependent and regulated by Cdc28p phosphorylation; MSA1 has a paralog, MSA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr077w YKR077W MSA2 Putative transcriptional activator; interacts with G1-specific transcription factor MBF and G1-specific promoters; MSA2 has a paralog, MSA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor188w YOR188W MSB1 Protein of unknown function; may be involved in positive regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis and the Pkc1p-MAPK pathway; multicopy suppressor of temperature-sensitive mutations in CDC24 and CDC42, and of mutations in BEM4; potential Cdc28p substrate; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ygr014w YGR014W MSB2 Mucin family member involved in signaling; functions in the Cdc42p- and MAP kinase-dependent filamentous growth signaling pathway; is processed into secreted and cell-associated forms by the aspartyl protease, Yps1p; also functions as an osmosensor in parallel to the Sho1p-mediated pathway; potential Cdc28p substrate
ynl293w YNL293W MSB3 Rab GTPase-activating protein; regulates endocytosis via inactivation of Vps21p at endosomes and vacuole fusion via inactivation of Ypt7p at vacuoles; also acts on Ypt52p and Sec4p; required for proper actin organization; also localizes to plasma membrane and sites of polarized growth; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; similar to the TBC-domain Tre2 oncogene; MSB3 has a paralog, MSB4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol112w YOL112W MSB4 GTPase-activating protein of the Ras superfamily; acts primarily on Sec4p, localizes to the bud site and bud tip; msb3 msb4 double mutation causes defects in secretion and actin organization; similar to the TBC-domain Tre2 oncogene; MSB4 has a paralog, MSB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml128c YML128C MSC1 Protein of unknown function; mutant is defective in directing meiotic recombination events to homologous chromatids; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria and is phosphorylated
ydr205w YDR205W MSC2 Endoplasmic reticulum zinc transporter; part of a heterodimeric transporter with Zrg17p that transfers zinc from the cytosol to the ER lumen; member of the cation diffusion facilitator family of efflux pumps; localizes to ER and nucleus; mutations affect the cellular distribution of zinc and also confer defects in meiotic recombination between homologous chromatids
ylr219w YLR219W MSC3 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery; msc3 mutants are defective in directing meiotic recombination events to homologous chromatids; potential Cdc28p substrate; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor354c YOR354C MSC6 Protein of unknown function; mutant is defective in directing meiotic recombination events to homologous chromatids; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yhr039c YHR039C MSC7 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; msc7 mutants are defective in directing meiotic recombination events to homologous chromatids
ypl104w YPL104W MSD1 Mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase; required for acylation of aspartyl-tRNA; yeast and bacterial aspartyl-, asparaginyl-, and lysyl-tRNA synthetases contain regions with high sequence similarity, suggesting a common ancestral gene
yol033w YOL033W MSE1 Mitochondrial glutamyl-tRNA synthetase; predicted to be palmitoylated
ypr047w YPR047W MSF1 Mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase; active as a monomer, unlike the cytoplasmic subunit which is active as a dimer complexed to a beta subunit dimer; similar to the alpha subunit of E. coli phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase
ynl053w YNL053W MSG5 Dual-specificity protein phosphatase; exists in 2 isoforms; required for maintenance of a low level of signaling through the cell integrity pathway, adaptive response to pheromone; regulates and is regulated by Slt2p; dephosphorylates Fus3p; MSG5 has a paralog, SDP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr120w YHR120W MSH1 DNA-binding protein of the mitochondria; involved in repair of mitochondrial DNA; has ATPase activity and binds to DNA mismatches; has homology to E. coli MutS; transcription is induced during meiosis
yol090w YOL090W MSH2 Protein that binds to DNA mismatches; forms heterodimers with Msh3p and Msh6p that bind to DNA mismatches to initiate the mismatch repair process; contains a Walker ATP-binding motif required for repair activity and involved in interstrand cross-link repair; Msh2p-Msh6p binds to and hydrolyzes ATP
ycr092c YCR092C MSH3 Mismatch repair protein; forms dimers with Msh2p that mediate repair of insertion or deletion mutations and removal of nonhomologous DNA ends, contains a PCNA (Pol30p) binding motif required for genome stability
yfl003c YFL003C MSH4 Protein involved in meiotic recombination; required for normal levels of crossing over, colocalizes with Zip2p to discrete foci on meiotic chromosomes, has homology to bacterial MutS protein
ydl154w YDL154W MSH5 Protein of the MutS family; forms a dimer with Msh4p that facilitates crossovers between homologs during meiosis; msh5-Y823H mutation confers tolerance to DNA alkylating agents; homologs present in C. elegans and humans
ydr097c YDR097C MSH6 Protein required for mismatch repair in mitosis and meiosis; forms a complex with Msh2p to repair both single-base & insertion-deletion mispairs; also involved in interstrand cross-link repair; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p
ybr195c YBR195C MSI1 Subunit of chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-1); chromatin assembly by CAF-1 is important for multiple processes including silencing at telomeres, mating type loci, and rDNA; maintenance of kinetochore structure; deactivation of the DNA damage checkpoint after DNA repair; and chromatin dynamics during transcription; Msi1p localizes to both nucleus and cytoplasm and has an independent role as a negative regulator of the RAS/cAMP pathway via sequestration of Npr1p kinase
ynl073w YNL073W MSK1 Mitochondrial lysine-tRNA synthetase; required for import of both aminoacylated and deacylated forms of tRNA(Lys) into mitochondria and for aminoacylation of mitochondrially encoded tRNA(Lys)
yir009w YIR009W MSL1 U2B component of U2 snRNP; involved in splicing, binds the U2 snRNA stem-loop IV in vitro but requires association of Lea1p for in vivo binding; does not contain the conserved C-terminal RNA binding domain found in other family members
ygr171c YGR171C MSM1 Mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS); functions as a monomer in mitochondrial protein synthesis; functions similarly to cytoplasmic MetRS although the cytoplasmic form contains a zinc-binding domain not found in Msm1p
yol116w YOL116W MSN1 Transcriptional activator; involved in regulation of invertase and glucoamylase expression, invasive growth and pseudohyphal differentiation, iron uptake, chromium accumulation, and response to osmotic stress; localizes to the nucleus; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ymr037c YMR037C MSN2 Transcriptional activator; activated in stress conditions, which results in translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus; transported back to cytoplasm once stress is removed; binds DNA at stress response elements of responsive genes, inducing gene expression; relative distribution to nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; MSN2 has a paralog, MSN4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl062w YKL062W MSN4 Transcriptional activator; activated in stress conditions, which results in translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; binds DNA at stress response elements of responsive genes, inducing gene expression; involved in diauxic shift; MSN4 has a paralog, MSN2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr335w YDR335W MSN5 Karyopherin; involved in nuclear import and export of proteins, including import of replication protein A and export of Far1p and transcription factors Swi5p, Swi6p, Msn2p, and Pho4p; required for re-export of mature tRNAs after their retrograde import from the cytoplasm; exportin-5 homolog
ynr049c YNR049C MSO1 Probable component of the secretory vesicle docking complex; acts at a late step in secretion; shows genetic and physical interactions with Sec1p; required for prospore membrane formation during sporulation; relocalizes from bud neck to nucleus upon DNA replication stress
ygr028w YGR028W MSP1 Mitochondrial protein involved in mitochondrial protein sorting; putative membrane-spanning ATPase
yhr091c YHR091C MSR1 Mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA synthetase; mutations in human ortholog are associated with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6; MSR1 has a paralog, YDR341C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr023c YMR023C MSS1 Mitochondrial protein; forms a heterodimer complex with Mto1p that performs the 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl modification of the wobble uridine base in mitochondrial tRNAs; similar to human GTPBP3
ymr164c YMR164C MSS11 Transcription factor; involved in regulation of invasive growth and starch degradation; controls the activation of FLO11 and STA2 in response to nutritional signals
ydr194c YDR194C MSS116 DEAD-box protein; required for efficient splicing of mitochondrial Group I and II introns; non-polar RNA helicase that also facilities strand annealing; promotes RNA folding by stabilizing an early assembly intermediate
ypr134w YPR134W MSS18 Nuclear encoded protein needed for splicing of mitochondrial intron; required for efficient splicing of mitochondrial COX1 aI5beta intron; mss18 mutations block cleavage of 5' exon - intron junction; phenotype of intronless strain suggests additional functions
ydl107w YDL107W MSS2 Peripherally bound inner membrane protein of the mitochondrial matrix; involved in membrane insertion of C-terminus of Cox2p, interacts genetically and physically with Cox18p
ylr203c YLR203C MSS51 Specific translational activator for the mitochondrial COX1 mRNA; loosely associated with the matrix face of the mitochondrial inner membrane; localizes to vacuole membrane in response to H2O2; influences both COX1 mRNA translation and Cox1p assembly into cytochrome c oxidase; binds to heme B, which may be a mechanism for sensing oxygen levels in order to regulate cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis
ykl194c YKL194C MST1 Mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase; aminoacylates both the canonical threonine tRNA tT(UGU)Q1 and the unusual threonine tRNA tT(UAG)Q2 in vitro
ygl051w YGL051W MST27 Putative integral membrane protein, involved in vesicle formation; forms complex with Mst28p; member of DUP240 gene family; binds COPI and COPII vesicles; MST27 has a paralog, MST28, that arose from a segmental duplication
ydr268w YDR268W MSW1 Mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
ypl097w YPL097W MSY1 Mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase
yjl123c YJL123C MTC1 Protein of unknown function that may interact with ribosomes; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and to COPI-coated vesicles (early Golgi); mtc1 is synthetically lethal with cdc13-1
ykl098w YKL098W MTC2 Protein of unknown function; mtc2 is synthetically sick with cdc13-1
ygl226w YGL226W MTC3 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the mitochondrion; mtc3 is synthetically sick with cdc13-1
ybr255w YBR255W MTC4 Protein of unknown function; required for normal growth rate at 15 degrees C; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; mtc4 is synthetically sick with cdc13-1
ydr128w YDR128W MTC5 Subunit of the SEA (Seh1-associated) complex; SEA is a coatomer-related complex that associates dynamically with the vacuole; has N-terminal WD-40 repeats and a C-terminal RING motif; mtc5 is synthetically sick with cdc13-1; relative distribution to vacuolar membrane punctae decreases upon DNA replication stress
yhr151c YHR151C MTC6 Protein of unknown function; mtc6 is synthetically sick with cdc13-1
yel033w YEL033W MTC7 Protein of unknown function; predicted metabolic role based on network analysis derived from ChIP experiments, a large-scale deletion study and localization of transcription factor binding sites; null mutant is sensitive to temperature oscillation in a cdc13-1 mutant
ykr080w YKR080W MTD1 NAD-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrafolate dehydrogenase; plays a catalytic role in oxidation of cytoplasmic one-carbon units; expression is regulated by Bas1p and Bas2p, repressed by adenine, and may be induced by inositol and choline
ymr228w YMR228W MTF1 Mitochondrial RNA polymerase specificity factor; has structural similarity to S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases and functional similarity to bacterial sigma-factors; Mtf1p interacts with and stabilizes the Rpo41p-promoter complex, enhancing DNA bending and melting to facilitate pre-initiation open complex formation
ydl044c YDL044C MTF2 Mitochondrial protein that interacts with mitochondrial RNA polymerase; interacts with an N-terminal region of mitochondrial RNA polymerase (Rpo41p) and couples RNA processing and translation to transcription
ymr097c YMR097C MTG1 Putative GTPase peripheral to the mitochondrial inner membrane; essential for respiratory competence, likely functions in assembly of the large ribosomal subunit, has homologs in plants and animals
yhr168w YHR168W MTG2 Putative GTPase; member of the Obg family; peripheral protein of the mitochondrial inner membrane that associates with the large ribosomal subunit; required for mitochondrial translation, possibly via a role in ribosome assembly
ydr277c YDR277C MTH1 Negative regulator of the glucose-sensing signal transduction pathway; required for repression of transcription by Rgt1p; interacts with Rgt1p and the Snf3p and Rgt2p glucose sensors; phosphorylated by Yck1p, triggering Mth1p degradation; MTH1 has a paralog, STD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr023w YGR023W MTL1 Putative plasma membrane sensor; involved in cell integrity signaling and stress response during glucose starvation and oxidative stress; has structural and functional similarity to Mid2p; MTL1 has a paralog, MID2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr257c YGR257C MTM1 Mitochondrial protein of the mitochondrial carrier family; high affinity pyridoxal 5&#8242;-phosphate transporter; involved in mitochondrial iron homeostasis and in activating mitochondrial Sod2p by facilitating insertion of an essential manganese cofactor
ygl236c YGL236C MTO1 Mitochondrial protein; forms a heterodimer complex with Mss1p that performs the 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl modification of the wobble uridine base in mitochondrial tRNAs; required for respiration in paromomycin-resistant 15S rRNA mutants
ynl063w YNL063W MTQ1 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase; methylates translational release factor Mrf1p; similar to E.coli PrmC; is not an essential gene
ydr140w YDR140W MTQ2 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase; subunit of complex with Trm112p that methylates translation release factor Sup45p (eRF1) in the ternary complex eRF1-eRF3-GTP; similar to E.coli PrmC; member of the seven beta-strand family
ymr100w YMR100W MUB1 MYND domain-containing protein; required for ubiquitination and turnover of Rpn4p; interacts with Ubr2p (E3) and indirectly with Rad6p (E2); short-lived protein degraded in a Ubr2p/Rad6p dependent manner; similar to the A. nidulans samB gene
ybr119w YBR119W MUD1 U1 snRNP A protein; homolog of human U1-A; involved in nuclear mRNA splicing
ykl074c YKL074C MUD2 Protein involved in early pre-mRNA splicing; component of the pre-mRNA-U1 snRNP complex, the commitment complex; interacts with Msl5p/BBP splicing factor and Sub2p; similar to metazoan splicing factor U2AF65
ypl070w YPL070W MUK1 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF); involved in vesicle-mediated vacuolar transport, including Golgi-endosome trafficking and sorting through the multivesicular body (MVB); specifically stimulates the intrinsic guanine nucleotide exchange activity of Rab family members (Vps21p/Ypt52p/Ypt53p); partially redundant with GEF VPS9; required for localization of the CORVET complex to endosomes; contains a VPS9 domain
ybr057c YBR057C MUM2 Protein essential for meiotic DNA replication and sporulation; cytoplasmic protein; subunit of the MIS complex which controls mRNA methylation during during the induction of sporulation; also interacts with Orc2p, which is a component of the origin recognition complex
yor298w YOR298W MUM3 Protein of unknown function involved in outer spore wall organization; has similarity to the tafazzins superfamily of acyltransferases
ygr055w YGR055W MUP1 High affinity methionine permease; integral membrane protein with 13 putative membrane-spanning regions; also involved in cysteine uptake
yhl036w YHL036W MUP3 Low affinity methionine permease; similar to Mup1p
ydr386w YDR386W MUS81 Subunit of structure-specific Mms4p-Mus81p endonuclease; cleaves branched DNA; involved in DNA repair, replication fork stability, and joint molecule formation/resolution during meiotic recombination; promotes template switching during break-induced replication (BIR), causing non-reciprocal translocations (NRTs); helix-hairpin-helix protein; phosphorylation of non-catalytic subunit Mms4p by Cdc28p and Cdcp during mitotic cell cycle activates function of Mms4p-Mus81p
ygr206w YGR206W MVB12 ESCRT-I subunit required to stabilize ESCRT-I core complex oligomers; the ESCRT-I core complex (Stp22p, Vps28p, Srn2p) is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; deletion mutant is sensitive to rapamycin and nystatin
ymr004w YMR004W MVP1 Protein required for sorting proteins to the vacuole; Mvp1p and Vps1p act in concert to promote membrane traffic to the vacuole; participates in transcription initiation and/or early elongation of specific genes; interacts with "foot domain" of RNA polymerase II; deletion results in abnormal CTD-Ser5 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II at specific promoter regions; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yer042w YER042W MXR1 Methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase; involved in the response to oxidative stress; protects iron-sulfur clusters from oxidative inactivation along with MXR2; involved in the regulation of lifespan; reduced activity of human homolog implicated in Alzheimer disease
ycl033c YCL033C MXR2 Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase; involved in the response to oxidative stress; protects iron-sulfur clusters from oxidative inactivation along with MXR1; involved in the regulation of lifespan
ykl129c YKL129C MYO3 One of two type I myosins; localizes to actin cortical patches; deletion of MYO3 has little effect on growth, but myo3 myo5 double deletion causes severe defects in growth and actin cytoskeleton organization; MYO3 has a paralog, MYO5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal029c YAL029C MYO4 Type V myosin motor involved in actin-based transport of cargos; required for mRNA transport, including ASH1 mRNA, and facilitating the growth and movement of ER tubules into the growing bud along with She3p; MYO4 has a paralog, MYO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr109w YMR109W MYO5 One of two type I myosins; contains proline-rich tail homology 2 (TH2) and SH3 domains; MYO5 deletion has little effect on growth, but myo3 myo5 double deletion causes severe defects in growth and actin cytoskeleton organization; MYO5 has a paralog, MYO3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr493w YDR493W MZM1 Protein required for assembly of the cytochrome bc(1) complex; acts as a chaperone for Rip1p and facilitates its insertion into the complex at a late stage of assembly; localized to the mitochondrial matrix; null mutant exhibits a respiratory growth defect and reduced mitochondrial zinc levels, which is characteristic of mutations affecting bc(1) complex assembly; human LYRM7 is a functional ortholog
yar037w NA NA
ygl154w NA NA
yar040c NA NA
yar043c NA NA
yml117w YML117W NAB6 Putative RNA-binding protein; associates with mRNAs encoding cell wall proteins in high-throughput studies; deletion mutants display increased sensitivity to some cell wall disrupting agents; expression negatively regulated by cAMP
ylr382c YLR382C NAM2 Mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase; also has a direct role in splicing of several mitochondrial group I introns; indirectly required for mitochondrial genome maintenance
ymr080c YMR080C NAM7 ATP-dependent RNA helicase of the SFI superfamily; involved in nonsense mediated mRNA decay; required for efficient translation termination at nonsense codons and targeting of NMD substrates to P-bodies; binds to the small ribosomal subunit via an interaction with Rps26; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
yhr086w YHR086W NAM8 RNA binding protein, component of the U1 snRNP protein; mutants are defective in meiotic recombination and in formation of viable spores, involved in the formation of DSBs through meiosis-specific splicing of REC107 pre-mRNA; Nam8p regulon embraces the meiotic pre-mRNAs of REC107, HFM1, AMA1 SPO22 and PCH2; the putative RNA binding domains RRM2 and RRM3 are required for Nam8p meiotic function
ykr048c YKR048C NAP1 Histone chaperone; involved in histone exchange by removing and replacing histone H2A-H2B dimers or histone variant dimers from assembled nucleosomes; involved in the transport of H2A and H2B histones to the nucleus; required for the regulation of microtubule dynamics during mitosis; interacts with mitotic cyclin Clb2p; controls bud morphogenesis; phosphorylated by CK2; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yil007c YIL007C NAS2 Proteasome-interacting protein; involved in the assembly of the base subcomplex of the 19S proteasomal regulatory particle (RP); similar to mammalian proteasomal modulator subunit; non-essential gene; interacts with Rpn4p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr232w YGR232W NAS6 Assembly chaperone for the 19S proteasome regulatory particle base; proteasome-interacting protein involved in the assembly of the base subcomplex of the 19S proteasomal regulatory particle (RP); ortholog of human oncoprotein gankyrin, which interacts with the Rb tumor suppressor and CDK4/6
ydl040c YDL040C NAT1 Subunit of protein N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA; NatA is comprised of Nat1p, Ard1p, and Nat5p; N-terminally acetylates many proteins, which influences multiple processes such as the cell cycle, heat-shock resistance, mating, sporulation, and telomeric silencing
ypr131c YPR131C NAT3 Catalytic subunit of the NatB N-terminal acetyltransferase; NatB catalyzes acetylation of the amino-terminal methionine residues of all proteins beginning with Met-Asp or Met-Glu and of some proteins beginning with Met-Asn or Met-Met
ymr069w YMR069W NAT4 N alpha-acetyl-transferase; involved in acetylation of the N-terminal residues of histones H4 and H2A
yor253w YOR253W NAT5 Subunit of protein N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA; NatA is comprised of Nat1p, Ard1p, and Nat5p; N-terminally acetylates many proteins, which influences multiple processes such as the cell cycle, heat-shock resistance, mating, sporulation, and telomeric silencing
yol070c YOL070C NBA1 Protein of unknown function; localizes to the bud neck and cytoplasm; interacts with Nap1p; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; potential Cdc28p substrate
ydr162c YDR162C NBP2 Protein involved in the HOG (high osmolarity glycerol) pathway; negatively regulates Hog1p by recruitment of phosphatase Ptc1p the Pbs2p-Hog1p complex; interacts with Bck1p and down regulates the cell wall integrity pathway; found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, contains an SH3 domain and a Ptc1p binding domain (PBM)
ypr155c YPR155C NCA2 Protein that regulates expression of Fo-F1 ATP synthase subunits; involved in the regulation of mitochondrial expression of subunits 6 (Atp6p) and 8 (Atp8p) of the Fo-F1 ATP synthase; functions with Nca3p
yjl116c YJL116C NCA3 Protein involved in mitochondrion organization; functions with Nca2p to regulate mitochondrial expression of subunits 6 (Atp6p) and 8 (Atp8p) of the Fo-F1 ATP synthase; member of the SUN family; expression induced in cells treated with the mycotoxin patulin; NCA3 has a paralog, UTH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr149w YPR149W NCE102 Protein of unknown function; contains transmembrane domains; involved in secretion of proteins that lack classical secretory signal sequences; component of the detergent-insoluble glycolipid-enriched complexes (DIGs); NCE102 has a paralog, FHN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl024w YBL024W NCL1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA: m5C-methyltransferase; methylates cytosine to m5C at several positions in tRNAs and intron-containing pre-tRNAs; increases proportion of tRNALeu(CAA) with m5C at wobble position in response to hydrogen peroxide, causing selective translation of mRNA from genes enriched in TTG codon; loss of NCL1 confers hypersensitivity to oxidative stress; similar to Nop2p and human proliferation associated nucleolar protein p120
ypl006w YPL006W NCR1 Vacuolar membrane protein; transits through the biosynthetic vacuolar protein sorting pathway, involved in sphingolipid metabolism; cells lacking Ncr1p exhibit high levels of long chain bases (LCB), similar to the accumulation of high amounts of lipids observed in patients with Neimann-Pick C, a disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in NPC1, the functional ortholog of Ncr1p
ynl119w YNL119W NCS2 Protein required for uridine thiolation of Lys(UUU) and Glu(UUC) tRNAs; required for the thiolation of uridine at the wobble position of Lys(UUU) and Glu(UUC) tRNAs; has a role in urmylation and in invasive and pseudohyphal growth; inhibits replication of Brome mosaic virus in S. cerevisiae
ymr145c YMR145C NDE1 Mitochondrial external NADH dehydrogenase; type II NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of cytosolic NADH; Nde1p and Nde2p provide cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial respiratory chain; NDE1 has a paralog, NDE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl085w YDL085W NDE2 Mitochondrial external NADH dehydrogenase; catalyzes the oxidation of cytosolic NADH; Nde1p and Nde2p are involved in providing the cytosolic NADH to the mitochondrial respiratory chain; NDE2 has a paralog, NDE1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml120c YML120C NDI1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase; transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone in the respiratory chain but does not pump protons, in contrast to the higher eukaryotic multisubunit respiratory complex I; phosphorylated; involved in Mn and H2O2 induced apoptosis; upon apoptotic stress, Ndip is activated in the mitochondria by N-terminal cleavage, and the truncated protein translocates to the cytoplasm to induce apoptosis; homolog of human AMID
yol104c YOL104C NDJ1 Meiosis-specific telomere protein; required for bouquet formation, effective homolog pairing, ordered cross-over distribution, sister chromatid cohesion at meiotic telomeres, chromosomal segregation and telomere-led rapid prophase movement
ylr254c YLR254C NDL1 Homolog of nuclear distribution factor NudE; NUDEL; interacts with Pac1p and regulates dynein targeting to microtubule plus ends
yhr124w YHR124W NDT80 Meiosis-specific transcription factor; required for exit from pachytene and for full meiotic recombination; activates middle sporulation genes; competes with Sum1p for binding to promoters containing middle sporulation elements (MSE)
ylr265c YLR265C NEJ1 Protein involved in regulation of nonhomologous end joining; interacts with DNA ligase IV components Dnl4p and Lif1p; repressed by MAT heterozygosity; regulates cellular distribution of Lif1p
yhr004c YHR004C NEM1 Probable catalytic subunit of Nem1p-Spo7p phosphatase holoenzyme; regulates nuclear growth by controlling phospholipid biosynthesis, required for normal nuclear envelope morphology and sporulation; homolog of the human protein Dullard
ypl226w YPL226W NEW1 ATP binding cassette protein; cosediments with polysomes and is required for biogenesis of the small ribosomal subunit; Asn/Gln-rich rich region supports [NU+] prion formation and susceptibility to [PSI+] prion induction
yor156c YOR156C NFI1 SUMO E3 ligase; catalyzes sumoylation of Yku70p/Yku80p and Sir4p promoting chromatin anchoring; DNA-bound form catalyzes a DNA-damaged triggered sumoylation wave resulting in multisite modification of several DNA repair proteins, enhancing interactions between these proteins and accelerating repair; promotes telomere anchoring to the nuclear envelope; involved in maintenance of proper telomere length; NFI1 has a paralog, SIZ1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr103w YKR103W NFT1 Putative transporter of the MRP subfamily; adjacent ORFs YKR103W and YKR104W are merged in different strain backgrounds; MRP stands for multidrug resistance-associated protein
ykl040c YKL040C NFU1 Protein involved in iron metabolism in mitochondria; similar to NifU, which is a protein required for the maturation of the Fe/S clusters of nitrogenase in nitrogen-fixing bacteria
ydr176w YDR176W NGG1 Subunit of chromatin modifying histone acetyltransferase complexes; member of the ADA complex, the SAGA complex, and the SLIK complex; transcriptional regulator involved in glucose repression of Gal4p-regulated genes
yol042w YOL042W NGL1 Putative endonuclease; has a domain similar to a magnesium-dependent endonuclease motif in mRNA deadenylase Ccr4p; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ymr285c YMR285C NGL2 Protein involved in 5.8S rRNA processing; Ccr4p-like RNase required for correct 3'-end formation of 5.8S rRNA at site E; similar to Ngl1p; NGL2 has a paralog, NGL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml118w YML118W NGL3 3'-5' exonuclease specific for poly-A RNAs; has a domain similar to a magnesium-dependent endonuclease motif in mRNA deadenylase Ccr4p; similar to Ngl1p; NGL3 has a paralog, NGL2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr212w YBR212W NGR1 RNA binding protein that negatively regulates growth rate; interacts with the 3' UTR of the mitochondrial porin (POR1) mRNA and enhances its degradation; overexpression impairs mitochondrial function; interacts with Dhh1p to mediate POR1 mRNA decay; expressed in stationary phase
ylr138w YLR138W NHA1 Na+/H+ antiporter; involved in sodium and potassium efflux through the plasma membrane; required for alkali cation tolerance at acidic pH
ydl002c YDL002C NHP10 Protein related to mammalian high mobility group proteins; preferentially binds DNA ends, protecting them from exonucleatic cleavage; likely component of the chromatin-remodeling complex INO80 complex; proposed to be involved in DNA repair
ypr052c YPR052C NHP6A High-mobility group (HMG) protein, binds to and remodels nucleosomes; involved in recruiting FACT and other chromatin remodelling complexes to chromosomes; functionally redundant with Nhp6Bp; homologous to mammalian HMGB1 and HMGB2; NHP6A has a paralog, NHP6B, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr456w YDR456W NHX1 Na+/H+ and K+/H+ exchanger; required for intracellular sequestration of Na+ and K+; located in the vacuole and late endosome compartments; required for osmotolerance to acute hypertonic shock and for vacuolar fusion; ortholog of human NHE9, which is linked to autism
ygl221c YGL221C NIF3 Protein of unknown function; similar to Listeria monocytogenes major sigma factor (rpoD gene product); the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ypl174c YPL174C NIP100 Large subunit of the dynactin complex; dynactin is involved in partitioning the mitotic spindle between mother and daughter cells; putative ortholog of mammalian p150(glued)
ynl078w YNL078W NIS1 Protein localized in the bud neck at G2/M phase; physically interacts with septins; possibly involved in a mitotic signaling network
yil164c YIL164C NIT1 Nitrilase; member of the nitrilase branch of the nitrilase superfamily; in closely related species and other S. cerevisiae strain backgrounds YIL164C and adjacent ORF, YIL165C, likely constitute a single ORF encoding a nitrilase gene
yjl126w YJL126W NIT2 Nit protein; one of two proteins in S. cerevisiae with similarity to the Nit domain of NitFhit from fly and worm and to the mouse and human Nit protein which interacts with the Fhit tumor suppressor; nitrilase superfamily member
ylr351c YLR351C NIT3 Nit protein; one of two proteins in S. cerevisiae with similarity to the Nit domain of NitFhit from fly and worm and to the mouse and human Nit protein which interacts with the Fhit tumor suppressor; nitrilase superfamily member
ydr383c YDR383C NKP1 Central kinetochore protein and subunit of the Ctf19 complex; mutants have elevated rates of chromosome loss; orthologous to fission yeast kinetochore protein fta4
ylr315w YLR315W NKP2 Central kinetochore protein and subunit of the Ctf19 complex; mutants have elevated rates of chromosome loss; orthologous to fission yeast kinetochore protein cnl2
ylr328w YLR328W NMA1 Nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase; catalyzes the transfer of the adenylyl moiety of ATP to nicotinamide mononucleotide to form NAD; involved in pathways of NAD biosynthesis, including the de novo, NAD(+) salvage, and nicotinamide riboside salvage pathways; homolog of human NMNAT; NMA1 has a paralog, NMA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl123w YNL123W NMA111 Serine protease and general molecular chaperone; involved in response to heat stress and promotion of apoptosis; may contribute to lipid homeostasis; sequence similarity to the mammalian Omi/HtrA2 family of serine proteases
ygr010w YGR010W NMA2 Nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase; catalyzes the transfer of the adenylyl moiety of ATP to nicotinamide mononucleotide to form NAD; involved in de novo and salvage synthesis of NAD(+); homolog of human NMNAT; NMA2 has a paralog, NMA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr077c YHR077C NMD2 Protein involved in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway; interacts with Nam7p and Upf3p; involved in telomere maintenance
ylr363c YLR363C NMD4 Protein that may be involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay; interacts with Nam7p, relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ygr089w YGR089W NNF2 Protein that exhibits physical and genetic interactions with Rpb8p; Rpb8p is a subunit of RNA polymerases I, II, and III; computational analysis of large-scale protein-protein interaction data suggests a role in chromosome segregation
ykl171w YKL171W NNK1 Protein kinase; implicated in proteasome function; interacts with TORC1, Ure2 and Gdh2; overexpression leads to hypersensitivity to rapamycin and nuclear accumulation of Gln3; epitope-tagged protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ylr285w YLR285W NNT1 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase; has a role in rDNA silencing and in lifespan determination
yol041c YOL041C NOP12 Nucleolar protein involved in pre-25S rRNA processing; also involved in biogenesis of large 60S ribosomal subunit; contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM); binds to Ebp2; similar to Nop13p and Nsr1p
ynl175c YNL175C NOP13 Nucleolar protein found in preribosomal complexes; contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM); relative distribution to the nucleolus increases upon DNA replication stress
yer002w YER002W NOP16 Constituent of 66S pre-ribosomal particles; involved in 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis
ydl213c YDL213C NOP6 rRNA-binding protein required for 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis; contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM); hydrophilin essential to overcome the stress of the desiccation-rehydration process; NOP6 may be a fungal-specific gene as no homologs have been yet identified in higher eukaryotes
yil038c YIL038C NOT3 Subunit of CCR4-NOT global transcriptional regulator; involved intranscription initiation and elongation and in mRNA degradation; conserved lysine in human homolog of Not3p and Not5p is mutated in cancers
ypr072w YPR072W NOT5 Subunit of CCR4-NOT global transcriptional regulator; involved intranscription initiation and elongation and in mRNA degradation; conserved lysine in human homolog of Not5p and Not3p is mutated in cancers
ydl046w YDL046W NPC2 Functional homolog of human NPC2/He1; human NPC2 is a cholesterol-binding protein whose deficiency causes Niemann-Pick type C2 disease involving retention of cholesterol in lysosomes
ydr432w YDR432W NPL3 RNA-binding protein; promotes elongation, regulates termination, and carries poly(A) mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm; represses translation initiation by binding eIF4G; required for pre-mRNA splicing; interacts with E3 ubiquitin ligase Bre1p, linking histone ubiquitination to mRNA processing; may have role in telomere maintenance; dissociation from mRNAs promoted by Mtr10p; phosphorylated by Sky1p in cytoplasm; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr170c YBR170C NPL4 Substrate-recruiting cofactor of the Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p segregase; assists Cdc48p in the dislocation of misfolded, polyubiquitinated ERAD substrates that are subsequently delivered to the proteasome for degradation; also involved in the regulated destruction of resident ER membrane proteins, such as HMG-CoA reductase (Hmg1/2p) and cytoplasmic proteins (Fbp1p); role in mobilizing membrane bound transcription factors by regulated ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent processing (RUP)
ymr091c YMR091C NPL6 Component of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex; interacts with Rsc3p, Rsc30p, Ldb7p, and Htl1p to form a module important for a broad range of RSC functions; involved in nuclear protein import and maintenance of proper telomere length
ycr026c YCR026C NPP1 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase; mediates extracellular nucleotide phosphate hydrolysis along with Npp2p and Pho5p; activity and expression enhanced during conditions of phosphate starvation; involved in spore wall assembly; NPP1 has a paralog, NPP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication, and an npp1 npp2 double mutant exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants
yel016c YEL016C NPP2 Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase; mediates extracellular nucleotide phosphate hydrolysis along with Npp1p and Pho5p; activity and expression enhanced during conditions of phosphate starvation; involved in spore wall assembly; NPP2 has a paralog, NPP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication, and an npp1 npp2 double mutant exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants
ynl183c YNL183C NPR1 Protein kinase; stabilizes several plasma membrane amino acid transporters by antagonizing their ubiquitin-mediated degradation; phosphorylates Aly2p; negatively regulates Ldb19p-mediated endocytosis through phosphorylation of Ldb19p, which prevents its association with the plasma membrane; Npr1p activity is negatively regulated via phosphorylation by the TOR complex; NPR1 has a paralog, PRR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel062w YEL062W NPR2 Subunit of SEA (Seh1-associated), Npr2/3, and Iml1p complexes; Npr2/3 complex mediates downregulation of TORC1 activity upon amino acid limitation; SEA complex is a coatomer-related complex that associates dynamically with the vacuole; Iml1p complex is required for non-nitrogen-starvation (NNS)-induced autophagy; Iml1p interacts primarily with phosphorylated Npr2p; homolog of human tumor suppressor NPRL2; target of Grr1p; required for growth on urea and proline
yhl023c YHL023C NPR3 Subunit of SEA (Seh1-associated), Npr2/3, and Iml1p complexes; Npr2/3 complex mediates downregulation of TORC1 activity upon amino acid limitation; SEA complex is a coatomer-related complex that associates dynamically with the vacuole; Iml1p complex (Iml1p-Npr2p-Npr3p) is required for non-nitrogen-starvation (NNS)-induced autophagy; required for Npr2p phosphorylation and Iml1p-Npr2p interaction; null mutant shows delayed meiotic DNA replication and double-strand break repair
yor209c YOR209C NPT1 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase; acts in the salvage pathway of NAD+ biosynthesis; required for silencing at rDNA and telomeres and has a role in silencing at mating-type loci; localized to the nucleus
ygl067w YGL067W NPY1 NADH diphosphatase (pyrophosphatase); hydrolyzes the pyrophosphate linkage in NADH and related nucleotides; localizes to peroxisomes; nudix hydrolase family member
ygr043c YGR043C NQM1 Transaldolase of unknown function; transcription is repressed by Mot1p and induced by alpha-factor and during diauxic shift; NQM1 has a paralog, TAL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr043c YDR043C NRG1 Transcriptional repressor; recruits the Cyc8p-Tup1p complex to promoters; mediates glucose repression and negatively regulates a variety of processes including filamentous growth and alkaline pH response; NRG1 has a paralog, NRG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr066c YBR066C NRG2 Transcriptional repressor; mediates glucose repression and negatively regulates filamentous growth; NRG2 has a paralog, NRG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl129w YNL129W NRK1 Nicotinamide riboside kinase; catalyzes the phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid riboside in salvage pathways for NAD+ biosynthesis
ynr009w YNR009W NRM1 Transcriptional co-repressor of MBF-regulated gene expression; Nrm1p associates stably with promoters via MCB binding factor (MBF) to repress transcription upon exit from G1 phase
ydl167c YDL167C NRP1 Putative RNA binding protein of unknown function; localizes to stress granules induced by glucose deprivation; predicted to be involved in ribosome biogenesis
yor071c YOR071C NRT1 High-affinity nicotinamide riboside transporter; also transports thiamine with low affinity; shares sequence similarity with Thi7p and Thi72p; proposed to be involved in 5-fluorocytosine sensitivity
yhr133c YHR133C NSG1 Protein involved in regulation of sterol biosynthesis; specifically stabilizes Hmg2p, one of two HMG-CoA isoenzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting step in sterol biosynthesis; forms foci at the nuclear periphery upon DNA replication stress; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; homolog of mammalian INSIG proteins; NSG1 has a paralog, NSG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl156c YNL156C NSG2 Protein involved in regulation of sterol biosynthesis; specifically stabilizes Hmg2p, one of two HMG-CoA isoenzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting step in sterol biosynthesis; homolog of mammalian INSIG proteins; NSG2 has a paralog, NSG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr026c YDR026C NSI1 RNA polymerase I termination factor; binds to rDNA terminator element, required for efficient Pol I termination; required for rDNA silencing at NTS1; facilities association of Sir2p with NTS1, contributes to rDNA stability and cell longevity; interacts physically with Fob1p and RENT subunits, Sir2p and Net1p; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; Myb-like DNA-binding protein; NSI1 has a paralog, REB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr159c YGR159C NSR1 Nucleolar protein that binds nuclear localization sequences; required for pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis
ynl091w YNL091W NST1 Protein of unknown function; mediates sensitivity to salt stress; interacts physically with the splicing factor Msl1p and also displays genetic interaction with MSL1
yjr062c YJR062C NTA1 Amidase; removes the amide group from N-terminal asparagine and glutamine residues to generate proteins with N-terminal aspartate and glutamate residues that are targets of ubiquitin-mediated degradation
ybr188c YBR188C NTC20 Member of the NineTeen Complex (NTC); this complex contains Prp19p and stabilizes U6 snRNA in catalytic forms of the spliceosome containing U2, U5, and U6 snRNAs
yml059c YML059C NTE1 Serine esterase; homolog of human neuropathy target esterase (NTE); Nte1p-mediated phosphatidylcholine turnover influences transcription factor Opi1p localization, affecting transcriptional regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis genes
yal015c YAL015C NTG1 DNA N-glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase; involved in base excision repair; acts in both nucleus and mitochondrion; creates a double-strand break at mtDNA origins that stimulates replication in response to oxidative stress; required for maintaining mitochondrial genome integrity; NTG1 has a paralog, NTG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol043c YOL043C NTG2 DNA N-glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase; involved in base excision repair, localizes to the nucleus; sumoylated; NTG2 has a paralog, NTG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr001c YDR001C NTH1 Neutral trehalase, degrades trehalose; required for thermotolerance and may mediate resistance to other cellular stresses; may be phosphorylated by Cdc28p; inhibited by Dcs1p; NTH1 has a paralog, NTH2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr001c YBR001C NTH2 Putative neutral trehalase, required for thermotolerance; may mediate resistance to other cellular stresses; NTH2 has a paralog, NTH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr031w YPR031W NTO1 Subunit of the NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex; this complex acetylates histone H3; contains PHD finger domain that interacts with methylated histone H3
yjl208c YJL208C NUC1 Major mitochondrial nuclease; has RNAse and DNA endo- and exonucleolytic activities; roles in mitochondrial recombination, apoptosis and maintenance of polyploidy; involved in fragmentation of genomic DNA during PND (programmed nuclear destruction); encodes ortholog of mammalian endoG
ydr150w YDR150W NUM1 Protein required for nuclear migration; component of the mitochondria-ER-cortex-ancor (MECA); required for the association of mitochondria with the cell cortex and for accurate distribution of mitochondrial network; interacts with Mdm36p to link the ER and motochondria at the cortex; localizes to the mother cell cortex and the bud tip; may mediate interactions of dynein and cytoplasmic microtubules with the cell cortex
ykl068w YKL068W NUP100 FG-nucleoporin component of central core of the nuclear pore complex; contributes directly to nucleocytoplasmic transport and maintenance of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) permeability barrier and is involved in gene tethering at the nuclear periphery; NUP100 has a paralog, NUP116, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl057c YKL057C NUP120 Subunit of the Nup84p subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to nucleocytoplasmic transport and NPC biogenesis and is involved in establishment of a normal nucleocytoplasmic concentration gradient of the GTPase Gsp1p; also plays roles in several processes that may require localization of genes or chromosomes at the nuclear periphery, including double-strand break repair, transcription and chromatin silencing; homologous to human NUP160
ykr082w YKR082W NUP133 Subunit of Nup84p subcomplex of nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to nucleocytoplasmic transport, NPC biogenesis; is involved in establishment of a normal nucleocytoplasmic concentration gradient of GTPase Gsp1p; also plays roles in several processes that may require localization of genes or chromosomes at nuclear periphery, including double-strand break repair, transcription and chromatin silencing; relocalizes to cytosol in response to hypoxia; homolog of human NUP133
ybl079w YBL079W NUP170 Subunit of the inner ring of the nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to NPC assembly and nucleocytoplasmic transport; both Nup170p and NUP157p are similar to human Nup155p; NUP170 has a paralog, NUP157, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml103c YML103C NUP188 Subunit of the inner ring of the nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to NPC organization and nucleocytoplasmic transport; homologous to human NUP188
ylr335w YLR335W NUP2 Nucleoporin involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport; binds to either the nucleoplasmic or cytoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore complex depending on Ran-GTP levels; also has a role in chromatin organization
ydr192c YDR192C NUP42 FG-nucleoporin component of central core of the nuclear pore complex; also part of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) cytoplasmic filaments; contributes directly to nucleocytoplasmic transport and maintenance of the NPC permeability barrier and is involved in gene tethering at the nuclear periphery; interacts with Gle1p
ymr153w YMR153W NUP53 FG-nucleoporin component of central core of nuclear pore complex (NPC); also part of the NPC nuclear basket; contributes directly to nucleocytoplasmic transport; involved in regulation of transcription and mitosis; induces membrane tubulation, which may contribute to nuclear pore assembly; NUP53 has a paralog, ASM4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yar002w YAR002W NUP60 FG-nucleoporin component of central core of the nuclear pore complex; contributes directly to nucleocytoplasmic transport and maintenance of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) permeability barrier and is involved in gene tethering at the nuclear periphery; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; both NUP1 and NUP60 are homologous to human NUP153
ydl116w YDL116W NUP84 Subunit of the Nup84p subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to nucleocytoplasmic transport and NPC biogenesis; also plays roles in several processes that may require localization of genes or chromosomes at the nuclear periphery, including double-strand break repair, transcription and chromatin silencing; homologous to human NUP107
ydl089w YDL089W NUR1 Protein of unknown function; interacts with Csm1p, Lrs4p; required for rDNA repeat stability; null mutant causes increase in unequal sister-chromatid exchange; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the nuclear periphery, possible Cdc28p substrate
ygl151w YGL151W NUT1 Component of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; mediator is required for transcriptional activation and also has a role in basal transcription
yhr195w YHR195W NVJ1 Nuclear envelope protein; anchored to the nuclear inner membrane, that interacts with the vacuolar membrane protein Vac8p to promote formation of nucleus-vacuole junctions during piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PMN)
ypr091c YPR091C NVJ2 Lipid-binding ER protein, enriched at nucleus-vacuolar junctions (NVJ); may be involved in sterol metabolism or signaling at the NVJ; contains a synaptotagmin-like-mitochondrial- lipid binding protein (SMP) domain; binds phosphatidylinositols and other lipids in a large-scale study; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments
ylr093c YLR093C NYV1 v-SNARE component of the vacuolar SNARE complex; involved in vesicle fusion; inhibits ATP-dependent Ca(2+) transport activity of Pmc1p in the vacuolar membrane
ykl120w YKL120W OAC1 Mitochondrial inner membrane transporter; transports oxaloacetate, sulfate, thiosulfate, and isopropylmalate; member of the mitochondrial carrier family
yal051w YAL051W OAF1 Oleate-activated transcription factor; acts alone and as a heterodimer with Pip2p; activates genes involved in beta-oxidation of fatty acids and peroxisome organization and biogenesis; involved in diauxic shift; OAF1 has a paralog, PIP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr064w YKR064W OAF3 Putative transcriptional repressor with Zn(2)-Cys(6) finger; negatively regulates transcription in response to oleate levels, based on mutant phenotype and localization to oleate-responsive promoters; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
ykl055c YKL055C OAR1 Mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase; may comprise a type II mitochondrial fatty acid synthase along with Mct1p
ypl052w YPL052W OAZ1 Regulator of ornithine decarboxylase Spe1p; antizyme that binds to Spe1p to stimulate ubiquitin-independent degradation by the proteasome; binding of polyamines to nascent Oaz1p during translation stimulates +1 ribosomal frameshifting, allowing translation of full-length Oaz1p
ynl099c YNL099C OCA1 Putative protein tyrosine phosphatase; required for cell cycle arrest in response to oxidative damage of DNA
ynl056w YNL056W OCA2 Putative protein of unknown function; similar to predicted tyrosine phosphatases Oca1p and Siw14p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YNL056W is not an essential gene
ycr095c YCR095C OCA4 Cytoplasmic protein required for replication of Brome mosaic virus; S. cerevisiae is a model system for studying replication of positive-strand RNA viruses in their natural hosts
yhl029c YHL029C OCA5 Cytoplasmic protein required for replication of Brome mosaic virus; S. cerevisiae is a model system for studying replication of positive-strand RNA viruses in their natural hosts
ydr067c YDR067C OCA6 Cytoplasmic protein required for replication of Brome mosaic virus; S. cerevisiae is a model system for studying positive-strand RNA virus replication; null mutation confers sensitivity to tunicamycin and DTT
ygl038c YGL038C OCH1 Mannosyltransferase of the cis-Golgi apparatus; initiates the polymannose outer chain elongation of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins
ykl134c YKL134C OCT1 Mitochondrial intermediate peptidase; cleaves destabilizing N-terminal residues of a subset of proteins upon import, after their cleavage by mitochondrial processing peptidase (Mas1p-Mas2p); may contribute to mitochondrial iron homeostasis
ypl134c YPL134C ODC1 Mitochondrial inner membrane transporter; exports 2-oxoadipate and 2-oxoglutarate from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol for lysine and glutamate biosynthesis and lysine catabolism; suppresses, in multicopy, an fmc1 null mutation; ODC1 has a paralog, ODC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor222w YOR222W ODC2 Mitochondrial inner membrane transporter; exports 2-oxoadipate and 2-oxoglutarate from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol for use in lysine and glutamate biosynthesis and in lysine catabolism; ODC2 has a paralog, ODC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml060w YML060W OGG1 Nuclear and mitochondrial glycosylase/lyase; specifically excises 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine residues located opposite cytosine or thymine residues in DNA, repairs oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA, contributes to UVA resistance
ybr025c YBR025C OLA1 P-loop ATPase with similarity to human OLA1 and bacterial YchF; identified as specifically interacting with the proteasome; protein abundance increases in response to hydrogen peroxide and to DNA replication stress
ybr230c YBR230C OM14 Integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein; abundance is decreased in cells grown in glucose relative to other carbon sources; appears to contain 3 alpha-helical transmembrane segments; ORF encodes a 97-basepair intron
yil136w YIL136W OM45 Mitochondrial outer membrane protein of unknown function; major constituent of the outer membrane, located on the outer (cytosolic) face; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykr087c YKR087C OMA1 Metalloendopeptidase of the mitochondrial inner membrane; involved in turnover of membrane-embedded proteins; mediates degradation of Cox1p in coa2 mutant cells; member of a family of predicted membrane-bound metallopeptidases in prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes
ydr316w YDR316W OMS1 Protein integral to the mitochondrial membrane; has a conserved methyltransferase motif; multicopy suppressor of respiratory defects caused by OXA1 mutations
yhl020c YHL020C OPI1 Transcriptional regulator of a variety of genes; phosphorylation by protein kinase A stimulates Opi1p function in negative regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic genes; involved in telomere maintenance; null exhibits disrupted mitochondrial metabolism and low cardiolipin content, strongly correlated with overproduction of inositol
yol032w YOL032W OPI10 Protein with a possible role in phospholipid biosynthesis; null mutant displays an inositol-excreting phenotype that is suppressed by exogenous choline; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypr044c YPR044C OPI11 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; largely overlaps verified gene RPL43A/YPR043W; deletion confers sensitivity to GSAO
yjr073c YJR073C OPI3 Methylene-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase; catalyzes the last two steps in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis; also known as phospholipid methyltransferase
ydl096c YDL096C OPI6 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene PMT1/YDL095W; YDL096C is not essential
ydr360w YDR360W OPI7 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene VID21/YDR359C
ykr035c YKR035C OPI8 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene DID2/YKR035W-A
ylr338w YLR338W OPI9 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF VRP1/YLR337C
yjl212c YJL212C OPT1 Proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter of the plasma membrane; also transports glutathione and phytochelatin; member of the OPT family
ypr194c YPR194C OPT2 Oligopeptide transporter; member of the OPT family, with potential orthologs in S. pombe and C. albicans; also plays a role in formation of mature vacuoles
ybr129c YBR129C OPY1 Protein of unknown function; overproduction blocks cell cycle arrest in the presence of mating pheromone; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ypr075c YPR075C OPY2 Integral membrane protein that acts as a membrane anchor for Ste50p; involved in the signaling branch of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway and as a regulator of the filamentous growth pathway; overproduction blocks cell cycle arrest in the presence of mating pheromone; relocalizes from vacuole to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress
ygr038w YGR038W ORM1 Protein of unknown function; evolutionarily conserved, required for resistance to agents that induce unfolded protein response; Orm1p and Orm2p together control membrane biogenesis by coordinating lipid homeostasis with protein quality control; ORM1 has a paralog, ORM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr350w YLR350W ORM2 Protein of unknown function; evolutionarily conserved, required for resistance to agents that induce unfolded protein response; Orm1p and Orm2p together control membrane biogenesis by coordinating lipid homeostasis with protein quality control; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; ORM2 has a paralog, ORM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor130c YOR130C ORT1 Ornithine transporter of the mitochondrial inner membrane; exports ornithine from mitochondria as part of arginine biosynthesis; human ortholog is associated with hyperammonaemia-hyperornithinaemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome
ydl019c YDL019C OSH2 Member of an oxysterol-binding protein family with seven members; in S. cerevisiae, family members have overlapping, redundant functions in sterol metabolism and collectively perform a function essential for viability; OSH2 has a paralog, SWH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr073w YHR073W OSH3 Member of an oxysterol-binding protein family; this family has seven members in S. cerevisiae; family members have overlapping, redundant functions in sterol metabolism and collectively perform a function essential for viability
ykr003w YKR003W OSH6 Member of an oxysterol-binding protein family; overlapping, redundant functions in sterol metabolism and which collectively perform a function essential for viability; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery; overexpression extends lifespan by promoting vacuolar fusion; OSH6 has a paralog, OSH7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr051w YJR051W OSM1 Fumarate reductase, catalyzes the reduction of fumarate to succinate; required for the reoxidation of intracellular NADH under anaerobic conditions; mutations cause osmotic sensitivity; OSM1 has a paralog, FRD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor085w YOR085W OST3 Gamma subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex of the ER lumen; complex catalyzes asparagine-linked glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins; Ost3p is important for N-glycosylation of a subset of proteins
ydl232w YDL232W OST4 Subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex of the ER lumen; complex catalyzes protein asparagine-linked glycosylation; type I membrane protein required for incorporation of Ost3p or Ost6p into the OST complex
ygl226c-a YGL226C-A OST5 Zeta subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex of the ER lumen; complex catalyzes asparagine-linked glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins
yml019w YML019W OST6 Subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex of the ER lumen; complex catalyzes asparagine-linked glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins; similar to and partially functionally redundant with Ost3p
yor255w YOR255W OSW1 Protein involved in sporulation; required for the construction of the outer spore wall layers; required for proper localization of Spo14p
ylr054c YLR054C OSW2 Protein of unknown function reputedly involved in spore wall assembly
ymr148w YMR148W OSW5 Protein of unknown function with possible role in spore wall assembly; predicted to contain an N-terminal transmembrane domain; osw5 null mutant spores exhibit increased spore wall permeability and sensitivity to beta-glucanase digestion
yfr039c YFR039C OSW7 Protein involved in outer spore wall assembly; likely involved directly in dityrosine layer assembly; may be involved in response to high salt and changes in carbon source; deletion mutant has decreased spore survival in Drosophila feces; OSW7 has a paralog, SHE10, that arose from the whole genome duplication; deletion of both OSW7 and SHE10 results in reduced dityrosine fluorescence from the spore wall relative to other mutants
yfl044c YFL044C OTU1 Deubiquitylation enzyme that binds to the chaperone-ATPase Cdc48p; may contribute to regulation of protein degradation by deubiquitylating substrates that have been ubiquitylated by Ufd2p; member of the Ovarian Tumor (OTU) family; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yhl013c YHL013C OTU2 Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; member of the ovarian tumor-like (OTU) superfamily of predicted cysteine proteases; shows cytoplasmic localization; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yer154w YER154W OXA1 Mitochondrial inner membrane insertase; mediates the insertion of both mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded proteins from the matrix into the inner membrane; also has a role in insertion of carrier proteins into the inner membrane; acts as a voltage-gated ion channel, activated by substrate peptides; interacts with mitochondrial ribosomes; conserved from bacteria to animals
ykl215c YKL215C OXP1 5-oxoprolinase; enzyme is ATP-dependent and functions as a dimer; similar to mouse Oplah gene; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypl196w YPL196W OXR1 Protein of unknown function required for oxidative damage resistance; required for normal levels of resistance to oxidative damage; null mutants are sensitive to hydrogen peroxide; member of a conserved family of proteins found in eukaryotes
yhr179w YHR179W OYE2 Conserved NADPH oxidoreductase containing flavin mononucleotide (FMN); responsible for geraniol reduction into citronellol during fermentation; homologous to Oye3p with different ligand binding and catalytic properties; may be involved in sterol metabolism, oxidative stress response, and programmed cell death; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypl171c YPL171C OYE3 Conserved NADPH oxidoreductase containing flavin mononucleotide (FMN); homologous to Oye2p with different ligand binding and catalytic properties; has potential roles in oxidative stress response and programmed cell death
ydr071c YDR071C PAA1 Polyamine acetyltransferase; acetylates polyamines (e.g. putrescine, spermidine, spermine) and also aralkylamines (e.g. tryptamine, phenylethylamine); may be involved in transcription and/or DNA replication
yor269w YOR269W PAC1 Involved in nuclear migration, part of the dynein/dynactin pathway; targets dynein to microtubule tips, which is necessary for sliding of microtubules along bud cortex; serves at interface between dynein's ATPase site and its microtubule binding stalk, causing individual dynein motors to remain attached to microtubules for long periods; synthetic lethal with bni1; homolog of human LIS1, mutations in which cause the severe brain disorder lissencephaly
ygr078c YGR078C PAC10 Part of the heteromeric co-chaperone GimC/prefoldin complex; complex promotes efficient protein folding
ydr488c YDR488C PAC11 Dynein intermediate chain, microtubule motor protein; required for intracellular transport and cell division; acts in cytoplasmic dynein pathway; forms complex with dynein light chain Dyn2p that promotes Dyn1p homodimerization and potentiates motor processivity; Dyn2p-Pac11p complex is also important for interaction of dynein motor complex with dynactin complex; forms cortical cytoplasmic microtubule capture site with Num1p; essential in the absence of CIN8
yer007w YER007W PAC2 Microtubule effector required for tubulin heterodimer formation; binds alpha-tubulin, required for normal microtubule function, null mutant exhibits cold-sensitive microtubules and sensitivity to benomyl
ydr538w YDR538W PAD1 Phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase; confers resistance to cinnamic acid, decarboxylates aromatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding vinyl derivatives; also has mRNA binding activity; homolog of E. coli UbiX
ybr279w YBR279W PAF1 Component of the Paf1p complex involved in transcription elongation; binds to and modulates the activity of RNA polymerases I and II; required for expression of a subset of genes, including cell cycle-regulated genes; involved in SER3 repression by helping to maintain SRG1 transcription-dependent nucleosome occupancy; homolog of human PD2/hPAF1
ymr174c YMR174C PAI3 Cytoplasmic proteinase A (Pep4p) inhibitor; dependent on Pbs2p and Hog1p protein kinases for osmotic induction; intrinsically unstructured, N-terminal half becomes ordered in the active site of proteinase A upon contact
ydr348c YDR348C PAL1 Protein of unknown function thought to be involved in endocytosis; physically interacts with Ede1p and is found at endocytic sites at cell periphery during early stages of endocytosis; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to bud neck; potential Cdc28p substrate; similar to S. pombe Pal1 protein; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; PAL1 has a paralog, YHR097C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr251w YDR251W PAM1 Essential protein of unknown function; exhibits variable expression during colony morphogenesis; overexpression permits survival without protein phosphatase 2A, inhibits growth, and induces a filamentous phenotype; PAM1 has a paralog, SVL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr065c YKR065C PAM17 Constituent of the TIM23 complex; proposed alternatively to be a component of the import motor (PAM complex) or to interact with and modulate the core TIM23 (Translocase of the Inner mitochondrial Membrane) complex; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygl094c YGL094C PAN2 Essential subunit of the Pan2p-Pan3p poly(A)-ribonuclease complex; complex acts to control poly(A) tail length and regulate the stoichiometry and activity of postreplication repair complexes
ykl025c YKL025C PAN3 Essential subunit of the Pan2p-Pan3p poly(A)-ribonuclease complex; complex acts to control poly(A) tail length and regulate the stoichiometry and activity of postreplication repair complexes
yil145c YIL145C PAN6 Pantothenate synthase; also known as pantoate-beta-alanine ligase, required for pantothenic acid biosynthesis, deletion causes pantothenic acid auxotrophy, homologous to E. coli panC
yol115w YOL115W PAP2 Non-canonical poly(A) polymerase; involved in nuclear RNA degradation as a component of TRAMP; catalyzes polyadenylation of hypomodified tRNAs, and snoRNA and rRNA precursors; required for mRNA surveillance and maintenance of genome integrity, serving as a link between RNA and DNA metabolism; overlapping but non-redundant functions with Trf5p; relocalizes to cytosol in response to hypoxia; PAP2 has a paralog, TRF5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl173w YDL173W PAR32 Putative protein of unknown function; hyperphosphorylated upon rapamycin treatment in a Tap42p-dependent manner; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; PAR32 is not an essential gene
ycr077c YCR077C PAT1 Deadenylation-dependent mRNA-decapping factor; also required for faithful chromosome transmission, maintenance of rDNA locus stability, and protection of mRNA 3'-UTRs from trimming; associated with topoisomerase II; functionally linked to Pab1p; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress; phosphorylation by PKA inhibits P body foci formation
ygl261c YGL261C PAU11 Putative protein of unknown function; member of the seripauperin multigene family encoded mainly in subtelomeric regions; mRNA expression appears to be regulated by SUT1 and UPC2
yhl046c YHL046C PAU13 Protein of unknown function; member of the seripauperin multigene family encoded mainly in subtelomeric regions; expression is induced after ethanol shock
yll025w YLL025W PAU17 Protein of unknown function; member of the seripauperin multigene family encoded mainly in subtelomeric regions; YLL025W is not an essential gene
yel049w YEL049W PAU2 Member of the seripauperin multigene family; encoded mainly in subtelomeric region; active during alcoholic fermentation; regulated by anaerobiosis; negatively regulated by oxygen; repressed by heme
ylr037c YLR037C PAU23 Cell wall mannoprotein; has similarity to Tir1p, Tir2p, Tir3p, and Tir4p; member of the seripauperin multigene family encoded mainly in subtelomeric regions; expressed under anaerobic conditions, completely repressed during aerobic growth
ybr301w YBR301W PAU24 Cell wall mannoprotein; has similarity to Tir1p, Tir2p, Tir3p, and Tir4p; member of the seripauperin multigene family encoded mainly in subtelomeric regions; expressed under anaerobic conditions, completely repressed during aerobic growth
ylr461w YLR461W PAU4 Member of the seripauperin multigene family; encoded mainly in subtelomeric regions; active during alcoholic fermentation; regulated by anaerobiosis; negatively regulated by oxygen; repressed by heme
yfl020c YFL020C PAU5 Member of the seripauperin multigene family; encoded mainly in subtelomeric regions; induced during alcoholic fermentation; induced by low temperature and also by anaerobic conditions; negatively regulated by oxygen and repressed by heme
yar020c YAR020C PAU7 Member of the seripauperin multigene family; active during alcoholic fermentation, regulated by anaerobiosis, inhibited by oxygen, repressed by heme
yal068c YAL068C PAU8 Protein of unknown function; member of the seripauperin multigene family encoded mainly in subtelomeric regions
ylr199c YLR199C PBA1 Protein involved in 20S proteasome assembly; forms a heterodimer with Add66p that binds to proteasome precursors; interaction with Pba1p-Add66p may affect function of the mature proteasome and its role in maintaining respiratory metabolism; similar to human PAC1 constituent of the PAC1-PAC2 complex involved in proteasome assembly
ypl272c YPL272C PBI1 Putative protein of unknown function; gene expression induced in response to ketoconazole; YPL272C is not an essential gene
ynl015w YNL015W PBI2 Cytosolic inhibitor of vacuolar proteinase B (PRB1); required for efficient vacuole inheritance; with thioredoxin forms protein complex LMA1, which assists in priming SNARE molecules and promotes vacuole fusion; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr178c YGR178C PBP1 Component of glucose deprivation induced stress granules; involved in P-body-dependent granule assembly; similar to human ataxin-2; interacts with Pab1p to regulate mRNA polyadenylation; interacts with Mkt1p to regulate HO translation; protein increases in abundance and relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ybr233w YBR233W PBP2 RNA binding protein; has similarity to mammalian heterogeneous nuclear RNP K protein, involved in the regulation of telomere position effect and telomere length; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ydl053c YDL053C PBP4 Pbp1p binding protein; interacts strongly with Pab1p-binding protein 1 (Pbp1p) in the yeast two-hybrid system; also interacts with Lsm12p in a copurification assay; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yjl128c YJL128C PBS2 MAP kinase kinase of the HOG signaling pathway; activated under severe osmotic stress; mitophagy-specific regulator; plays a role in regulating Ty1 transposition
ybr094w YBR094W PBY1 Putative tubulin tyrosine ligase associated with P-bodies; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ybr295w YBR295W PCA1 Cadmium transporting P-type ATPase; may also have a role in copper and iron homeostasis; stabilized by Cd binding, which prevents ubiquitination; S288C and other lab strains contain a G970R mutation which eliminates Cd transport function
ylr151c YLR151C PCD1 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase; prevents spontaneous mutagenesis via sanitization of oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates; can also act as peroxisomal pyrophosphatase with specificity for coenzyme A and CoA derivatives, may function to remove potentially toxic oxidized CoA disulfide from peroxisomes to maintain the capacity for beta-oxidation of fatty acids; nudix hydrolase family member; similar E. coli MutT and human, rat and mouse MTH1
ybr186w YBR186W PCH2 Hexameric ring ATPase that remodels chromosome axis protein Hop1p; nucleolar component of the pachytene checkpoint, which prevents chromosome segregation when recombination and chromosome synapsis are defective; also represses meiotic interhomolog recombination in rDNA; required for meiotic double-stranded break formation
yil071c YIL071C PCI8 Possible shared subunit of Cop9 signalosome (CSN) and eIF3; binds eIF3b subunit Prt1p, has possible dual functions in transcriptional and translational control, contains a PCI (Proteasome-COP9 signalosome (CSN)-eIF3) domain
ykr097w YKR097W PCK1 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; key enzyme in gluconeogenesis, catalyzes early reaction in carbohydrate biosynthesis, glucose represses transcription and accelerates mRNA degradation, regulated by Mcm1p and Cat8p, located in the cytosol
ynl289w YNL289W PCL1 Cyclin, interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85p; member of the Pcl1,2-like subfamily, involved in the regulation of polarized growth and morphogenesis and progression through the cell cycle; is ubiquitinated by Dma1p; phosphorylation by Pho85p targets it for degradation; localizes to sites of polarized cell growth
ydl127w YDL127W PCL2 Cyclin, interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85p; member of the Pcl1,2-like subfamily, involved in the regulation of polarized growth and morphogenesis and progression through the cell cycle; localizes to sites of polarized cell growth; PCL2 has a paralog, PCL9, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer059w YER059W PCL6 Pho85p cyclin of the Pho80p subfamily; forms the major Glc8p kinase together with Pcl7p and Pho85p; involved in the control of glycogen storage by Pho85p; stabilized by Elongin C binding; PCL6 has a paralog, PCL7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil050w YIL050W PCL7 Pho85p cyclin of the Pho80p subfamily; forms a functional kinase complex with Pho85p which phosphorylates Mmr1p and is regulated by Pho81p; involved in glycogen metabolism, expression is cell-cycle regulated; PCL7 has a paralog, PCL6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl219w YPL219W PCL8 Cyclin; interacts with Pho85p cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) to phosphorylate and regulate glycogen synthase, also activates Pho85p for Glc8p phosphorylation; PCL8 has a paralog, PCL10, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl179w YDL179W PCL9 Cyclin; forms a functional kinase complex with Pho85p cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), expressed in late M/early G1 phase, activated by Swi5p; PCL9 has a paralog, PCL2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr101w YGR101W PCP1 Mitochondrial serine protease; required for the processing of various mitochondrial proteins and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA and morphology; belongs to the rhomboid-GlpG superfamily of intramembrane peptidases
ybr222c YBR222C PCS60 Oxalyl-CoA synthetase; capable of catalyzing conversion of oxalate to oxalyl-CoA; catalyzes first step in pathway of oxalate degradation that functions to protect yeast from inhibitory effects of oxalate; peroxisomal protein that binds mRNA; localizes to both peroxisomal peripheral membrane and matrix, expression is highly inducible by oleic acid; similar to E. coli long chain acyl-CoA synthetase
ygr202c YGR202C PCT1 Cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase; a rate-determining enzyme of the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine synthesis, inhibited by Sec14p, activated upon lipid-binding; contains an element within the regulatory domain involved in both silencing and activation of enzymatic activity
yer178w YER178W PDA1 E1 alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex; catalyzes the direct oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA; phosphorylated; regulated by glucose
ybr221c YBR221C PDB1 E1 beta subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex; PDH is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex found in mitochondria
ylr044c YLR044C PDC1 Major of three pyruvate decarboxylase isozymes; key enzyme in alcoholic fermentation; decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde; involved in amino acid catabolism; subject to glucose-, ethanol-, and autoregulation; activated by phosphorylation in response to glucose levels
ylr134w YLR134W PDC5 Minor isoform of pyruvate decarboxylase; key enzyme in alcoholic fermentation, decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde, regulation is glucose- and ethanol-dependent, repressed by thiamine, involved in amino acid catabolism
ygr087c YGR087C PDC6 Minor isoform of pyruvate decarboxylase; decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde, involved in amino acid catabolism; transcription is glucose- and ethanol-dependent, and is strongly induced during sulfur limitation
ygl248w YGL248W PDE1 Low-affinity cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase; controls glucose and intracellular acidification-induced cAMP signaling, target of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway; glucose induces transcription and inhibits translation
yor360c YOR360C PDE2 High-affinity cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase; component of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling system, protects the cell from extracellular cAMP, contains readthrough motif surrounding termination codon
ypr002w YPR002W PDH1 Mitochondrial protein that participates in respiration; induced by diauxic shift; homologous to E. coli PrpD, may take part in the conversion of 2-methylcitrate to 2-methylisocitrate
ygl013c YGL013C PDR1 Transcription factor that regulates the pleiotropic drug response; zinc cluster protein that is a master regulator involved in recruiting other zinc cluster proteins to pleiotropic drug response elements (PDREs) to fine tune the regulation of multidrug resistance genes; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; PDR1 has a paralog, PDR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor328w YOR328W PDR10 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; multidrug transporter involved in the pleiotropic drug resistance network; regulated by Pdr1p and Pdr3p
yil013c YIL013C PDR11 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; multidrug transporter involved in multiple drug resistance; mediates sterol uptake when sterol biosynthesis is compromised; regulated by Pdr1p; required for anaerobic growth; PDR11 has a paralog, AUS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl058c YPL058C PDR12 Plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; weak-acid-inducible multidrug transporter required for weak organic acid resistance; induced by sorbate and benzoate and regulated by War1p; mutants exhibit sorbate hypersensitivity
ydr406w YDR406W PDR15 Plasma membrane ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter; multidrug transporter and general stress response factor implicated in cellular detoxification; regulated by Pdr1p, Pdr3p and Pdr8p; promoter contains a PDR responsive element; PDR15 has a paralog, PDR5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl231c YNL231C PDR16 Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP); controlled by the multiple drug resistance regulator Pdr1p; localizes to lipid particles and microsomes; controls levels of various lipids, may regulate lipid synthesis; homologous to Pdr17p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ynl264c YNL264C PDR17 Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP); downregulates Plb1p-mediated turnover of phosphatidylcholine; forms a complex with Psd2p which appears essential for maintenance of vacuolar PE levels; found in the cytosol and microsomes; homologous to Pdr16p; deletion affects phospholipid composition
ynr070w YNR070W PDR18 Putative transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family; role in plasma membrane sterol incorporation; implicated in pleiotropic drug resistance; provides resistance to ethanol stress and contributes to a decreased intracellular accumulation of ethanol; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ybl005w YBL005W PDR3 Transcriptional activator of the pleiotropic drug resistance network; regulates expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters through binding to cis-acting PDRE sites (PDR responsive elements); post-translationally up-regulated in cells lacking functional mitochondrial genome; involved in diauxic shift; relative distribution to nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; APCC(Cdh1) substrate; PDR3 has a paralog, PDR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor153w YOR153W PDR5 Plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; multidrug transporter actively regulated by Pdr1p; also involved in steroid transport, cation resistance, and cellular detoxification during exponential growth; PDR5 has a paralog, PDR15, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr266c YLR266C PDR8 Transcription factor; targets include ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, major facilitator superfamily transporters, and other genes involved in the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) phenomenon; PDR8 has a paralog, YRR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr193c YGR193C PDX1 E3-binding protein of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; plays a structural role in the complex by binding and positioning Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) to the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) core
ybr035c YBR035C PDX3 Pyridoxine (pyridoxamine) phosphate oxidase; has homologs in E. coli and Myxococcus xanthus; transcription is under the general control of nitrogen metabolism
yer149c YER149C PEA2 Coiled-coil 12S polarisome subunit; required for polarity establishment, apical bud growth, shmoo formation during mating, and filamentous differentiation; involved in the localization of Bni1p at sites of polarized growth, thereby controlling the polarized assembly of actin cables; role in apical growth affects diploid-specific bipolar bud site selection; retains Slt2p at the bud tip to regulate ER inheritance; role in low affinity Ca2+ influx and cell fusion during mating
ygr058w YGR058W PEF1 Penta-EF-hand protein; required for polar bud growth and cell wall abscission; binds calcium and zinc with different affinity; localizes to bud site in G1, bud neck in G2; binds to Sec31p and modulates COPII coat assembly
ybl017c YBL017C PEP1 Type I transmembrane sorting receptor for multiple vacuolar hydrolases; cycles between the late-Golgi and prevacuolar endosome-like compartments
yor036w YOR036W PEP12 Target membrane receptor (t-SNARE); for vesicular intermediates traveling between the Golgi apparatus and the vacuole; controls entry of biosynthetic, endocytic, and retrograde traffic into the prevacuolar compartment; syntaxin
ylr148w YLR148W PEP3 Component of CORVET membrane tethering complex; vacuolar peripheral membrane protein that promotes vesicular docking/fusion reactions in conjunction with SNARE proteins, required for vacuolar biogenesis
ypl154c YPL154C PEP4 Vacuolar aspartyl protease (proteinase A); required for the posttranslational precursor maturation of vacuolar proteinases; important for protein turnover after oxidative damage; synthesized as a zymogen, self-activates
ymr231w YMR231W PEP5 Histone E3 ligase, component of CORVET membrane tethering complex; peripheral vacuolar membrane protein required for protein trafficking and vacuole biogenesis; interacts with Pep7p; involved in ubiquitylation and degradation of excess histones
ydr323c YDR323C PEP7 Adaptor protein involved in vesicle-mediated vacuolar protein sorting; multivalent adaptor protein; facilitates vesicle-mediated vacuolar protein sorting by ensuring high-fidelity vesicle docking and fusion, which are essential for targeting of vesicles to the endosome; required for vacuole inheritance
yjl053w YJL053W PEP8 Vacuolar protein component of the retromer; forms part of the multimeric membrane-associated retromer complex involved in vacuolar protein sorting along with Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps17p, and Vps5p; essential for endosome-to-Golgi retrograde protein transport; interacts with Ypt7p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ycr044c YCR044C PER1 Protein of the endoplasmic reticulum; required for GPI-phospholipase A2 activity that remodels the GPI anchor as a prerequisite for association of GPI-anchored proteins with lipid rafts; functionally complemented by human ortholog PERLD1
ylr064w YLR064W PER33 Protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; also associates with the nuclear pore complex; deletion extends chronological lifespan; highly conserved across species, orthologous to human TMEM33 and paralogous to Pom33p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yfr023w YFR023W PES4 Poly(A) binding protein, suppressor of DNA polymerase epsilon mutation; PES4 has a paralog, MIP6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr046c YKR046C PET10 Protein of unknown function that co-purifies with lipid particles; expression pattern suggests a role in respiratory growth; computational analysis of large-scale protein-protein interaction data suggests a role in ATP/ADP exchange
ydr079w YDR079W PET100 Chaperone that facilitates the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase; integral to the mitochondrial inner membrane; interacts with a subcomplex of subunits VII, VIIa, and VIII (Cox7p, Cox9p, and Cox8p) but not with the holoenzyme
ymr257c YMR257C PET111 Mitochondrial translational activator specific for the COX2 mRNA; located in the mitochondrial inner membrane
ybl080c YBL080C PET112 Subunit of the trimeric GatFAB AmidoTransferase(AdT) complex; involved in the formation of Q-tRNAQ; mutation is functionally complemented by the bacterial GatB ortholog
yer058w YER058W PET117 Protein required for assembly of cytochrome c oxidase
yer153c YER153C PET122 Mitochondrial translational activator specific for the COX3 mRNA; acts together with Pet54p and Pet494p; located in the mitochondrial inner membrane
yor158w YOR158W PET123 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; PET123 exhibits genetic interactions with PET122, which encodes a COX3 mRNA-specific translational activator
yor017w YOR017W PET127 Protein with a role in 5'-end processing of mitochondrial RNAs; located in the mitochondrial membrane
yjl023c YJL023C PET130 Protein required for respiratory growth; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ycr020c YCR020C PET18 Protein of unknown function; has weak similarity to proteins involved in thiamin metabolism; expression is induced in the absence of thiamin
yjr034w YJR034W PET191 Protein required for assembly of cytochrome c oxidase; exists as an oligomer; described as both an integral mitochondrial inner membrane protein facing the intermembrane space (IMS) and as a soluble IMS protein; contains a twin Cx9C motif; imported into the IMS via the MIA import machinery
ypl159c YPL159C PET20 Mitochondrial protein; required for respiratory growth under some conditions and for stability of the mitochondrial genome
ylr067c YLR067C PET309 Specific translational activator for the COX1 mRNA; also influences stability of intron-containing COX1 primary transcripts; localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane; contains seven pentatricopeptide repeats (PPRs)
ynr045w YNR045W PET494 Mitochondrial translational activator specific for the COX3 mRNA; acts together with Pet54p and Pet122p; located in the mitochondrial inner membrane
ygr222w YGR222W PET54 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; binds to the 5' UTR of the COX3 mRNA to activate its translation together with Pet122p and Pet494p; also binds to the COX1 Group I intron AI5 beta to facilitate exon ligation during splicing
ynl003c YNL003C PET8 S-adenosylmethionine transporter of the mitochondrial inner membrane; member of the mitochondrial carrier family; required for biotin biosynthesis and respiratory growth
ykl197c YKL197C PEX1 AAA-peroxin; heterodimerizes with AAA-peroxin Pex6p and participates in the recycling of peroxisomal signal receptor Pex5p from the peroxisomal membrane to the cystosol; induced by oleic acid and upregulated during anaerobiosis
ydr265w YDR265W PEX10 Peroxisomal membrane E3 ubiquitin ligase; required for for Ubc4p-dependent Pex5p ubiquitination and peroxisomal matrix protein import; contains zinc-binding RING domain; mutations in human homolog cause various peroxisomal disorders
yol147c YOL147C PEX11 Peroxisomal protein required for medium-chain fatty acid oxidation; also required for peroxisome proliferation, possibly by inducing membrane curvature; localization regulated by phosphorylation; transcription regulated by Adr1p and Pip2p-Oaf1p
ymr026c YMR026C PEX12 C3HC4-type RING-finger peroxin and E3 ubiquitin ligase; required for peroxisome biogenesis and peroxisomal matrix protein import; forms translocation subcomplex with Pex2p and Pex10p; mutations in human homolog cause peroxisomal disorder
ylr191w YLR191W PEX13 Integral peroxisomal membrane protein; required for translocation of peroxisomal matrix proteins; interacts with the PTS1 signal recognition factor Pex5p and the PTS2 signal recognition factor Pex7p; forms a complex with Pex14p and Pex17p
ygl153w YGL153W PEX14 Central component of the peroxisomal protein import machinery; peroxisomal membrane peroxin; interacts with both PTS1 (Pex5p) and PTS2 (Pex7p), peroxisomal matrix protein signal recognition factors and membrane receptor Pex13p
yol044w YOL044W PEX15 Tail-anchored type II integral peroxisomal membrane protein; required for peroxisome biogenesis; cells lacking Pex15p mislocalize peroxisomal matrix proteins to cytosol; overexpression results in impaired peroxisome assembly
ynl214w YNL214W PEX17 Peroxisomal membrane peroxin and subunit of docking complex; complex facilitates the import of peroxisomal matrix proteins; required for peroxisome biogenesis
yhr160c YHR160C PEX18 Peroxin; required for targeting of peroxisomal matrix proteins containing PTS2; interacts with Pex7p; partially redundant with Pex21p; PEX18 has a paralog, PEX21, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl065c YDL065C PEX19 Chaperone and import receptor for newly-synthesized class I PMPs; binds peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) in the cytoplasm and delivers them to the peroxisome for subsequent insertion into the peroxisomal membrane; interacts with Myo2p and contributes to peroxisome partitioning
yjl210w YJL210W PEX2 RING-finger peroxin and E3 ubiquitin ligase; peroxisomal membrane protein with a C-terminal zinc-binding RING domain, forms translocation subcomplex with Pex10p and Pex12p which functions in peroxisomal matrix protein import
ygr239c YGR239C PEX21 Peroxin required for peroxisomal matrix protein targeting; acts on proteins containing the PTS2 targeting sequence; interacts with Pex7p; partially redundant with Pex18p; relative distribution to cytoplasmic foci increases upon DNA replication stress; PEX21 has a paralog, PEX18, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal055w YAL055W PEX22 Putative peroxisomal membrane protein; required for import of peroxisomal proteins; functionally complements a Pichia pastoris pex22 mutation
ypl112c YPL112C PEX25 Peripheral peroxisomal membrane peroxin; required for the regulation of peroxisome size and maintenance, recruits GTPase Rho1p to peroxisomes, induced by oleate, interacts with Pex27p; PEX25 has a paralog, PEX27, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor193w YOR193W PEX27 Peripheral peroxisomal membrane protein; involved in controlling peroxisome size and number, interacts with Pex25p; PEX27 has a paralog, PEX25, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr150w YHR150W PEX28 Peroxisomal integral membrane peroxin; involved in the regulation of peroxisomal size, number and distribution; genetic interactions suggest that Pex28p and Pex29p act at steps upstream of those mediated by Pex30p, Pex31p, and Pex32p
ydr479c YDR479C PEX29 Peroxisomal integral membrane peroxin; involved in the regulation of peroxisomal size, number and distribution; genetic interactions suggest that Pex28p and Pex29p act at steps upstream of those mediated by Pex30p, Pex31p, and Pex32p; forms ER foci upon DNA replication stress
ydr329c YDR329C PEX3 Peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP); required for proper localization and stability of PMPs; anchors peroxisome retention factor Inp1p at the peroxisomal membrane; interacts with Pex19p
ylr324w YLR324W PEX30 Peroxisomal integral membrane protein; involved in negative regulation of peroxisome number; partially functionally redundant with Pex31p; genetic interactions suggest action at a step downstream of steps mediated by Pex28p and Pex29p; PEX30 has a paralog, PEX31, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr004w YGR004W PEX31 Peroxisomal integral membrane protein; involved in negative regulation of peroxisome size; partially functionally redundant with Pex30p and Pex32p; probably acts at a step downstream of steps mediated by Pex28p and Pex29p; PEX31 has a paralog, PEX30, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr168w YBR168W PEX32 Peroxisomal integral membrane protein; involved in negative regulation of peroxisome size; partially functionally redundant with Pex31p; genetic interactions suggest action at a step downstream of steps mediated by Pex28p and Pex29p
ycl056c YCL056C PEX34 Protein that regulates peroxisome populations; peroxisomal integral membrane protein; interacts with Pex11p, Pex25p, and Pex27p to control both constitutive peroxisome division and peroxisome morphology and abundance during peroxisome proliferation
ygr133w YGR133W PEX4 Peroxisomal ubiquitin conjugating enzyme; required for peroxisomal matrix protein import and peroxisome biogenesis
ydr244w YDR244W PEX5 Peroxisomal membrane signal receptor for peroxisomal matrix proteins; receptor for the C-terminal tripeptide signal sequence (PTS1) of peroxisomal matrix proteins; required for peroxisomal matrix protein import; also proposed to have PTS1-receptor independent functions
ynl329c YNL329C PEX6 AAA-peroxin; heterodimerizes with AAA-peroxin Pex1p and participates in the recycling of peroxisomal signal receptor Pex5p from the peroxisomal membrane to the cystosol
ydr142c YDR142C PEX7 Peroxisomal signal receptor for peroxisomal matrix proteins; recognizes the N-terminal nonapeptide signal (PTS2); WD repeat protein; defects in human homolog cause lethal rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP)
ygr077c YGR077C PEX8 Intraperoxisomal organizer of the peroxisomal import machinery; organizes the formation of the importomer complex, bridging the docking complex with the RING finger complex; tightly associated with the lumenal face of the peroxisomal membrane; essential for peroxisome biogenesis; binds PTS1-signal receptor Pex5p, and PTS2-signal receptor Pex7p
ynl326c YNL326C PFA3 Palmitoyltransferase for Vac8p; required for vacuolar membrane fusion; contains an Asp-His-His-Cys-cysteine rich (DHHC-CRD) domain; autoacylates; required for vacuolar integrity under stress conditions
yol003c YOL003C PFA4 Palmitoyltransferase with autoacylation activity; required for palmitoylation of amino acid permeases containing a C-terminal Phe-Trp-Cys site; required for modification of Chs3p; member of the DHHC family of putative palmitoyltransferases
ydr459c YDR459C PFA5 Palmitoyltransferase with autoacylation activity; likely functions in pathway(s) outside Ras; member of a family of putative palmitoyltransferases containing an Asp-His-His-Cys-cysteine rich (DHHC-CRD) domain
yjl179w YJL179W PFD1 Subunit of heterohexameric prefoldin; prefoldin binds cytosolic chaperonin and transfers target proteins to it; involved in the biogenesis of actin and of alpha- and gamma-tubulin; prefoldin complex also localizes to chromatin of actively transcribed genes in the nucleus and facilitates transcriptional elongation
ygr240c YGR240C PFK1 Alpha subunit of heterooctameric phosphofructokinase; involved in glycolysis, indispensable for anaerobic growth, activated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and AMP, mutation inhibits glucose induction of cell cycle-related genes
ymr205c YMR205C PFK2 Beta subunit of heterooctameric phosphofructokinase; involved in glycolysis; indispensable for anaerobic growth; activated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and AMP; mutation inhibits glucose induction of cell cycle-related genes
yil107c YIL107C PFK26 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase; inhibited by phosphoenolpyruvate and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate; has negligible fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase activity; transcriptional regulation involves protein kinase A
yol136c YOL136C PFK27 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase; catalyzes synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate; inhibited by phosphoenolpyruvate and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, expression induced by glucose and sucrose, transcriptional regulation involves protein kinase A
yhr185c YHR185C PFS1 Sporulation protein required for prospore membrane formation; required for prospore membrane formation at selected spindle poles; ensures functionality of all four spindle pole bodies during meiosis II; not required for meiotic recombination or meiotic chromosome segregation
ypl206c YPL206C PGC1 Phosphatidyl Glycerol phospholipase C; regulates the phosphatidylglycerol (PG) content via a phospholipase C-type degradation mechanism; contains glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase motifs
ygl025c YGL025C PGD1 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; essential for basal and activated transcription; direct target of Cyc8p-Tup1p transcriptional corepressor
ykl127w YKL127W PGM1 Phosphoglucomutase, minor isoform; catalyzes the conversion from glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, which is a key step in hexose metabolism; PGM1 has a paralog, PGM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr105c YMR105C PGM2 Phosphoglucomutase; catalyzes the conversion from glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, which is a key step in hexose metabolism; functions as the acceptor for a Glc-phosphotransferase; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; PGM2 has a paralog, PGM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr153w YJR153W PGU1 Endo-polygalacturonase; pectolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the rhamnogalacturonan chains in pectins
ynl316c YNL316C PHA2 Prephenate dehydratase; catalyzes the conversion of prephanate to phenylpyruvate, which is a step in the phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway
ygr132c YGR132C PHB1 Subunit of the prohibitin complex (Phb1p-Phb2p); prohibitin is a 1.2 MDa ring-shaped inner mitochondrial membrane chaperone that stabilizes newly synthesized proteins; determinant of replicative life span; involved in mitochondrial segregation; prohibitin deficiency induces a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR)
ygr231c YGR231C PHB2 Subunit of the prohibitin complex (Phb1p-Phb2p); prohibitin is a 1.2 MDa ring-shaped inner mitochondrial membrane chaperone that stabilizes newly synthesized proteins; determinant of replicative life span; involved in mitochondrial segregation; prohibitin deficiency induces a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR)
ykl043w YKL043W PHD1 Transcriptional activator that enhances pseudohyphal growth; physically interacts with the Tup1-Cyc8 complex and recruits Tup1p to its targets; regulates expression of FLO11, an adhesin required for pseudohyphal filament formation; similar to StuA, an A. nidulans developmental regulator; potential Cdc28p substrate; PHD1 has a paralog, SOK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr281c YDR281C PHM6 Protein of unknown function; expression is regulated by phosphate levels
yol084w YOL084W PHM7 Protein of unknown function; expression is regulated by phosphate levels; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery and vacuole; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yer037w YER037W PHM8 Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) phosphatase, nucleotidase; principle and physiological nucleotidase working on GMP, UMP and CMP; involved in LPA hydrolysis in response to phosphate starvation and ribose salvage pathway; phosphatase activity is soluble and Mg2+ dependent; expression is induced by low phosphate levels and by inactivation of Pho85p; PHM8 has a paralog, SDT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl236w YDL236W PHO13 Alkaline phosphatase specific for p-nitrophenyl phosphate; also has protein phosphatase activity
ydl106c YDL106C PHO2 Homeobox transcription factor; regulatory targets include genes involved in phosphate metabolism; binds cooperatively with Pho4p to the PHO5 promoter; phosphorylation of Pho2p facilitates interaction with Pho4p; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ynl097c YNL097C PHO23 Component of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex; involved in transcriptional regulation of PHO5; affects termination of snoRNAs and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs); C-terminus has similarity to human candidate tumor suppressor p33(ING1) and its isoform ING3
ybr092c YBR092C PHO3 Constitutively expressed acid phosphatase similar to Pho5p; brought to the cell surface by transport vesicles; hydrolyzes thiamin phosphates in the periplasmic space, increasing cellular thiamin uptake; expression is repressed by thiamin
yfr034c YFR034C PHO4 Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor of the myc-family; activates transcription cooperatively with Pho2p in response to phosphate limitation; binding to 'CACGTG' motif is regulated by chromatin restriction, competitive binding of Cbf1p to the same DNA binding motif and cooperation with Pho2p,; function is regulated by phosphorylation at multiple sites and by phosphate availability
ybr093c YBR093C PHO5 Repressible acid phosphatase; 1 of 3 repressible acid phosphatases that also mediates extracellular nucleotide-derived phosphate hydrolysis; secretory pathway derived cell surface glycoprotein; induced by phosphate starvation and coordinately regulated by PHO4 and PHO2
ydr481c YDR481C PHO8 Repressible vacuolar alkaline phosphatase; regulated by levels of Pi and by Pho4p, Pho9p, Pho80p, Pho81p and Pho85p; dephosphorylates phosphotyrosyl peptides; contributes to NAD+ metabolism by producing nicotinamide riboside from NMN
yol001w YOL001W PHO80 Cyclin; interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85p; regulates the response to nutrient levels and environmental conditions, including the response to phosphate limitation and stress-dependent calcium signaling
ygr233c YGR233C PHO81 Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor; regulates Pho80p-Pho85p and Pcl7p-Pho85p cyclin-CDK complexes in response to phosphate levels; inhibitory activity for Pho80p-Pho85p requires myo-D-inositol heptakisphosphate (IP7) generated by Vip1p; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yml123c YML123C PHO84 High-affinity inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporter; also low-affinity manganese transporter; regulated by Pho4p and Spt7p; mutation confers resistance to arsenate; exit from the ER during maturation requires Pho86p; cells overexpressing Pho84p accumulate heavy metals but do not develop symptoms of metal toxicity
ypl031c YPL031C PHO85 Cyclin-dependent kinase; has ten cyclin partners; involved in regulating the cellular response to nutrient levels and environmental conditions and progression through the cell cycle
yjl117w YJL117W PHO86 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein; required for ER exit of the high-affinity phosphate transporter Pho84p, specifically required for packaging of Pho84p into COPII vesicles; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ycr037c YCR037C PHO87 Low-affinity inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporter; acts upstream of Pho81p in regulation of the PHO pathway; expression is independent of Pi concentration and Pho4p activity; contains 12 membrane-spanning segments; PHO87 has a paralog, PHO90, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr106w YBR106W PHO88 Probable membrane protein; involved in phosphate transport; role in the maturation of secretory proteins; pho88 pho86 double null mutant exhibits enhanced synthesis of repressible acid phosphatase at high inorganic phosphate concentrations
ybr296c YBR296C PHO89 Na+/Pi cotransporter, active in early growth phase; similar to phosphate transporters of Neurospora crassa; transcription regulated by inorganic phosphate concentrations and Pho4p; mutations in related human transporter genes hPit1 and hPit2 are associated with hyperphosphatemia-induced calcification of vascular tissue and familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification
yjl198w YJL198W PHO90 Low-affinity phosphate transporter; acts upstream of Pho81p in regulation of the PHO pathway; deletion of pho84, pho87, pho89, pho90, and pho91 causes synthetic lethality; transcription independent of Pi and Pho4p activity; overexpression results in vigorous growth; PHO90 has a paralog, PHO87, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynr013c YNR013C PHO91 Low-affinity vacuolar phosphate transporter; exports phosphate from the vacuolar lumen to the cytosol; regulates phosphate and polyphosphate metabolism; acts upstream of Pho81p in regulation of the PHO pathway; deletion of pho84, pho87, pho89, pho90, and pho91 causes synthetic lethality; transcription independent of Pi and Pho4p activity; overexpression results in vigorous growth
ydr374c YDR374C PHO92 Posttranscriptional regulator of phosphate metabolism; facilitates PHO4 mRNA degradation by interacting with Pop2p; regulates PHO4 mRNA stability by binding to PHO4's 3'UTR in a phosphate-dependent manner; contains highly conserved YTH (YT521-B Homology) domain that exhibits RNA-binding activity; functional homolog of human YTHDF2
yor386w YOR386W PHR1 DNA photolyase involved in photoreactivation; repairs pyrimidine dimers in the presence of visible light; induced by DNA damage; regulated by transcriptional repressor Rph1p
ydr313c YDR313C PIB1 RING-type ubiquitin ligase of the endosomal and vacuolar membranes; binds phosphatidylinositol(3)-phosphate; contains a FYVE finger domain
ygl023c YGL023C PIB2 Protein of unknown function; contains FYVE domain; similar to Fab1 and Vps27
yer053c YER053C PIC2 Mitochondrial phosphate carrier; imports inorganic phosphate into mitochondria; functionally redundant with Mir1p but less abundant than Mir1p under normal conditions; expression is induced at high temperature
yml061c YML061C PIF1 DNA helicase, potent G-quadruplex DNA binder and unwinder; promotes DNA synthesis during break-induced replication (BIR); important for crossover recombination; nuclear form acts as a catalytic inhibitor of telomerase; mitochondrial form is involved in repair and recombination of mitochondrial DNA; mutations affect zinc and iron homeostasis; regulated by Rad53p-dependent phosphorylation in rho0 cells
ylr273c YLR273C PIG1 Putative targeting subunit for type-1 protein phosphatase Glc7p; tethers Glc7p to Gsy2p glycogen synthase; PIG1 has a paralog, GAC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil045w YIL045W PIG2 Putative type-1 protein phosphatase targeting subunit; tethers Glc7p type-1 protein phosphatase to Gsy2p glycogen synthase; PIG2 has a paralog, GIP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr034c YHR034C PIH1 Component of the conserved R2TP complex (Rvb1-Rvb2-Tah1-Pih1); R2TP complex interacts with Hsp90 (Hsp82p and Hsc82p) to mediate assembly large protein complexes such as box C/D snoRNPs and RNA polymerase II
ygr086c YGR086C PIL1 Primary protein component of eisosomes; eisosomes are large immobile cell cortex structures associated with endocytosis; null mutant shows activation of Pkc1p/Ypk1p stress resistance pathways; detected in phosphorylated state in mitochondria; member of the BAR domain family; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from plasma membrane to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ybl022c YBL022C PIM1 ATP-dependent Lon protease; involved in degradation of misfolded proteins in mitochondria; required for biogenesis and maintenance of mitochondria
yor104w YOR104W PIN2 Protein that induces appearance of [PIN+] prion when overproduced; predicted to be palmitoylated
ypr154w YPR154W PIN3 Negative regulator of actin nucleation-promoting factor activity; interacts with Las17p, a homolog of human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP), via an N-terminal SH3 domain, and along with LSB1 cooperatively inhibits the nucleation of actin filaments; induces the appearance of the [PIN+] prion when overproduced; PIN3 has a paralog, LSB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl051c YBL051C PIN4 Protein involved in G2/M phase progression and response to DNA damage; interacts with Rad53p; contains an RNA recognition motif, a nuclear localization signal, and several SQ/TQ cluster domains; hyperphosphorylated in response to DNA damage
yor363c YOR363C PIP2 Oleate-specific transcriptional activator of peroxisome proliferation; autoregulatory; contains Zn(2)-Cys(6) cluster domain, forms heterodimer with Oaf1p, binds oleate response elements (OREs), activates beta-oxidation genes; PIP2 has a paralog, OAF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl164c YKL164C PIR1 O-glycosylated protein required for cell wall stability; attached to the cell wall via beta-1,3-glucan; mediates mitochondrial translocation of Apn1p; expression regulated by the cell integrity pathway and by Swi5p during the cell cycle; PIR1 has a paralog, YJL160C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl163w YKL163W PIR3 O-glycosylated covalently-bound cell wall protein; required for cell wall stability; expression is cell cycle regulated, peaking in M/G1 and also subject to regulation by the cell integrity pathway; coding sequence contains length polymorphisms in different strains; PIR3 has a paralog, HSP150, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr490c YDR490C PKH1 Serine/threonine protein kinase; involved in sphingolipid-mediated signaling pathway that controls endocytosis; activates Ypk1p and Ykr2p, components of signaling cascade required for maintenance of cell wall integrity; redundant with Pkh2p; PKH1 has a paralog, PKH2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol100w YOL100W PKH2 Serine/threonine protein kinase; involved in sphingolipid-mediated signaling pathway that controls endocytosis; activates Ypk1p and Ykr2p, components of signaling cascade required for maintenance of cell wall integrity; redundant with Pkh1p; PKH2 has a paralog, PKH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr466w YDR466W PKH3 Protein kinase with similarity to mammalian PDK1 and yeast Pkh1p/Phk2p; yeast Pkh1p and Pkh2p are two redundant upstream activators of Pkc1p; identified as a multicopy suppressor of a pkh1 pkh2 double mutant
yil042c YIL042C PKP1 Mitochondrial protein kinase; involved in negative regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity by phosphorylating the ser-133 residue of the Pda1p subunit; acts in concert with kinase Pkp2p and phosphatases Ptc5p and Ptc6p
ygl059w YGL059W PKP2 Mitochondrial protein kinase; negatively regulates activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylating the ser-133 residue of the Pda1p subunit; acts in concert with kinase Pkp1p and phosphatases Ptc5p and Ptc6p; relocalizes from mitochondrion to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ymr123w YMR123W PKR1 V-ATPase assembly factor; functions with other V-ATPase assembly factors in the ER to efficiently assemble the V-ATPase membrane sector (V0); protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr008c YMR008C PLB1 Phospholipase B (lysophospholipase) involved in lipid metabolism; required for efficient acyl chain remodeling of newly synthesized phosphatidylethanolamine-derived phosphatidylcholine; required for deacylation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine but not phosphatidylinositol; PLB1 has a paralog, PLB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr006c YMR006C PLB2 Phospholipase B (lysophospholipase) involved in lipid metabolism; displays transacylase activity in vitro; overproduction confers resistance to lysophosphatidylcholine
yol011w YOL011W PLB3 Phospholipase B (lysophospholipase) involved in lipid metabolism; hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine and displays transacylase activity in vitro; PLB3 has a paralog, PLB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl268w YPL268W PLC1 Phospholipase C; hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2) to generate the signaling molecules inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG); involved in regulating many cellular processes
ydr501w YDR501W PLM2 Putative transcription factor, contains Forkhead Associated domain; found associated with chromatin; target of SBF transcription factor; induced in response to DNA damaging agents and deletion of telomerase; PLM2 has a paralog, TOS4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr183w YDR183W PLP1 Protein that interacts with CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1) complex; has a role in actin and tubulin folding; has weak similarity to phosducins, which are G-protein regulators
ypl036w YPL036W PMA2 Plasma membrane H+-ATPase; isoform of Pma1p, involved in pumping protons out of the cell; regulator of cytoplasmic pH and plasma membrane potential
ygl006w YGL006W PMC1 Vacuolar Ca2+ ATPase involved in depleting cytosol of Ca2+ ions; prevents growth inhibition by activation of calcineurin in the presence of elevated concentrations of calcium; similar to mammalian PMCA1a
yer132c YER132C PMD1 Protein with an N-terminal kelch-like domain; putative negative regulator of early meiotic gene expression; required, with Mds3p, for growth under alkaline conditions; PMD1 has a paralog, MDS3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr016c YLR016C PML1 Subunit of the RES complex; RES complex is required for nuclear retention of unspliced pre-mRNAs; acts in the same pathway as Pml39p and Mlp1p
yml107c YML107C PML39 Protein required for nuclear retention of unspliced pre-mRNAs; required along with Mlp1p and Pml1p; anchored to nuclear pore complex via Mlp1p and Mlp2p; found with the subset of nuclear pores farthest from the nucleolus; may interact with ribosomes
ycr024c-a YCR024C-A PMP1 Regulatory subunit for the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase Pma1p; small single-membrane span proteolipid; forms unique helix and positively charged cytoplasmic domain that is able to specifically segregate phosphatidylserines; PMP1 has a paralog, PMP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel017c-a YEL017C-A PMP2 Proteolipid associated with plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (Pma1p); regulates plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; PMP2 has a paralog, PMP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr276c YDR276C PMP3 Small plasma membrane protein; confers resistance to amphotericin B and is a potential target of this common antifungal drug; related to a family of plant polypeptides that are overexpressed under high salt concentration or low temperature; not essential for viability; deletion causes hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane potential
ygl167c YGL167C PMR1 High affinity Ca2+/Mn2+ P-type ATPase; required for Ca2+ and Mn2+ transport into Golgi; involved in Ca2+ dependent protein sorting and processing; mutations in human homolog ATP2C1 cause acantholytic skin condition Hailey-Hailey disease
ynl082w YNL082W PMS1 ATP-binding protein required for mismatch repair; required for both mitosis and meiosis; functions as a heterodimer with Mlh1p; binds double- and single-stranded DNA via its N-terminal domain, similar to E. coli MutL
ydl095w YDL095W PMT1 Protein O-mannosyltransferase of the ER membrane; transfers mannose from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to protein serine and threonine residues; 1 of 7 related proteins involved in O-glycosylation which is essential for cell wall rigidity; involved in ER quality control; amino terminus faces cytoplasm, carboxyl terminus faces ER lumen
yal023c YAL023C PMT2 Protein O-mannosyltransferase of the ER membrane; transfers mannose residues from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to protein serine/threonine residues; involved in ER quality control; acts in a complex with Pmt1p, can instead interact with Pmt5p; antifungal drug target; PMT2 has a paralog, PMT3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor321w YOR321W PMT3 Protein O-mannosyltransferase; transfers mannose residues from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to protein serine/threonine residues; acts in a complex with Pmt5p, can instead interact with Pmt1p in some conditions; antifungal drug target; PMT3 has a paralog, PMT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl093w YDL093W PMT5 Protein O-mannosyltransferase; transfers mannose residues from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to protein serine/threonine residues; acts in a complex with Pmt3p, can instead interact with Pmt2p in some conditions; target for new antifungals
ygr199w YGR199W PMT6 Protein O-mannosyltransferase; transfers mannose from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to protein serine/threonine residues of secretory proteins; reaction is essential for cell wall rigidity; member of a family of mannosyltransferases
ydr307w YDR307W PMT7 Putative protein mannosyltransferase similar to Pmt1p; has a potential role in protein O-glycosylation
ykl128c YKL128C PMU1 Putative phosphomutase; contains a region homologous to the active site of phosphomutases; overexpression suppresses the histidine auxotrophy of an ade3 ade16 ade17 triple mutant and the temperature sensitivity of a tps2 mutant
ygl037c YGL037C PNC1 Nicotinamidase that converts nicotinamide to nicotinic acid; part of the NAD(+) salvage pathway; required for life span extension by calorie restriction; PNC1 expression responds to all known stimuli that extend replicative life span; protein increases in abundance and relative distribution to cytoplasmic foci decreases upon DNA replication stress
ypl096w YPL096W PNG1 Conserved peptide N-glycanase; required for deglycosylation of misfolded glycoproteins during proteasome-dependent degradation; localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; activity is enhanced by interaction with Rad23p
ylr209c YLR209C PNP1 Purine nucleoside phosphorylase; specifically metabolizes inosine and guanosine nucleosides; involved in the nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway
yor161c YOR161C PNS1 Protein of unknown function; has similarity to Torpedo californica tCTL1p, which is postulated to be a choline transporter, neither null mutation nor overexpression affects choline transport
yor266w YOR266W PNT1 Mitochondrial integral inner membrane protein; involved in membrane insertion of C-terminus of Cox2p, interacts genetically and physically with Cox18p; deletion mutant sensitive to the anti-Pneumocystis carinii drug pentamidine
ybr022w YBR022W POA1 Phosphatase that is highly specific for ADP-ribose 1''-phosphate; a tRNA splicing metabolite; may have a role in regulation of tRNA splicing
ypl144w YPL144W POC4 Component of a heterodimeric Poc4p-Irc25p chaperone; involved in assembly of alpha subunits into the 20S proteasome; may regulate formation of proteasome isoforms with alternative subunits under different conditions
ycl047c YCL047C POF1 ATPase involved in protein quality control and filamentation pathways; interacts physically with Kss1p and suppresses the filamentation defect of a kss1 deletion; also interacts with Ubc7p
yil122w YIL122W POG1 Nuclear chromatin-associated protein of unknown function; overexpression promotes recovery from pheromone induced arrest and suppresses the stress sensitivity caused by a mutation in the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p; binds upstream of BAR1 and cell cycle-related genes; potential Cdc28p substrate; SBF regulated
yjr043c YJR043C POL32 Third subunit of DNA polymerase delta; involved in chromosomal DNA replication; required for error-prone DNA synthesis in the presence of DNA damage and processivity; forms a complex with Rev3p, Rev7p and Pol31p; interacts with Hys2p, PCNA (Pol30p), and Pol1p
ycr014c YCR014C POL4 DNA polymerase IV; undergoes pair-wise interactions with Dnl4p-Lif1p and Rad27p to mediate repair of DNA double-strand breaks by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ); homologous to mammalian DNA polymerase beta
ymr129w YMR129W POM152 Glycoprotein subunit of transmembrane ring of nuclear pore complex; contributes to nucleocytoplasmic transport, nuclear pore complex (NPC) biogenesis and spindle pole body duplication; homologous to human NUP210
yll023c YLL023C POM33 Transmembrane nucleoporin; involved in nuclear pore complex (NPC) distribution, assembly or stabilization; highly conserved across species, orthologous to human TMEM33 and paralogous to Per33p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr018c YLR018C POM34 Subunit of the transmembrane ring of the nuclear pore complex (NPC); contributes to nucleocytoplasmic transport, NPC biogenesis and spindle pole body duplication
ynr052c YNR052C POP2 RNase of the DEDD superfamily; subunit of the Ccr4-Not complex that mediates 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation
ynl055c YNL055C POR1 Mitochondrial porin (voltage-dependent anion channel); outer membrane protein required for maintenance of mitochondrial osmotic stability and mitochondrial membrane permeability; couples the glutathione pools of the intermembrane space (IMS) and the cytosol; phosphorylated; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; POR1 has a paralog, POR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil114c YIL114C POR2 Putative mitochondrial porin (voltage-dependent anion channel); not required for mitochondrial membrane permeability or mitochondrial osmotic stability; POR2 has a paralog, POR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl188w YPL188W POS5 Mitochondrial NADH kinase; phosphorylates NADH; also phosphorylates NAD(+) with lower specificity; required for the response to oxidative stress
yil160c YIL160C POT1 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase with broad chain length specificity; cleaves 3-ketoacyl-CoA into acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA during beta-oxidation of fatty acids
ygl205w YGL205W POX1 Fatty-acyl coenzyme A oxidase; involved in the fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway; localized to the peroxisomal matrix
ymr267w YMR267W PPA2 Mitochondrial inorganic pyrophosphatase; required for mitochondrial function and possibly involved in energy generation from inorganic pyrophosphate
yhr075c YHR075C PPE1 Protein with carboxyl methyl esterase activity; may have a role in demethylation of the phosphoprotein phosphatase catalytic subunit; also identified as a small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal protein
ynr032w YNR032W PPG1 Putative serine/threonine protein phosphatase; putative phosphatase of the type 2A-like phosphatase family, required for glycogen accumulation; interacts with Tap42p, which binds to and regulates other protein phosphatases
ydl134c YDL134C PPH21 Catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); functionally redundant with Pph22p; methylated at C terminus; forms alternate complexes with several regulatory subunits; involved in signal transduction and regulation of mitosis; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; PPH21 has a paralog, PPH22, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl188c YDL188C PPH22 Catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); functionally redundant with Pph21p; methylated at C terminus; forms alternate complexes with several regulatory subunits; involved in signal transduction and regulation of mitosis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; PPH22 has a paralog, PPH21, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr075w YDR075W PPH3 Catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase PP4 complex; active complex is composed of Pph3p and Psy2p, with Psy4p apparently providing additional substrate specificity in some cases; regulates recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint and also the gene conversion- and single-strand annealing-mediated pathways of meiotic double-strand break repair; involved in activation of Gln3p to alleviate nitrogen catabolite repression; Pph3p and Psy2p localize to foci on meiotic chromosomes
ydr435c YDR435C PPM1 Carboxyl methyltransferase; methylates the C terminus of the protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (Pph21p or Pph22p), which is important for complex formation with regulatory subunits
yol141w YOL141W PPM2 AdoMet-dependent tRNA methyltransferase; also involved in methoxycarbonylation; required for the synthesis of wybutosine (yW), a modified guanosine found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of phe-tRNA; similarity to Ppm1p
ydr452w YDR452W PPN1 Vacuolar endopolyphosphatase with a role in phosphate metabolism; functions as a homodimer; relocalizes from vacuole to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ypl179w YPL179W PPQ1 Protein phosphatase that regulates the mating response; negatively regulates the MAP kinase signaling cascade during mating; member of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP1 family
ylr014c YLR014C PPR1 Zinc finger transcription factor; contains a Zn(2)-Cys(6) binuclear cluster domain, positively regulates transcription of URA1, URA3, URA4, and URA10, which are involved in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, in response to pyrimidine starvation; activity may be modulated by interaction with Tup1p
ybr276c YBR276C PPS1 Protein phosphatase; has specificity for serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues; has a role in the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle
ygr123c YGR123C PPT1 Protein serine/threonine phosphatase; regulates Hsp90 chaperone by affecting its ATPase and cochaperone binding activities; has similarity to human phosphatase PP5; present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm; expressed during logarithmic growth
ypl148c YPL148C PPT2 Phosphopantetheine:protein transferase (PPTase); activates mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (Acp1p) by phosphopantetheinylation
yml016c YML016C PPZ1 Serine/threonine protein phosphatase Z, isoform of Ppz2p; involved in regulation of potassium transport, which affects osmotic stability, cell cycle progression, and halotolerance; PPZ1 has a paralog, PPZ2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr436w YDR436W PPZ2 Serine/threonine protein phosphatase Z, isoform of Ppz1p; involved in regulation of potassium transport, which affects osmotic stability, cell cycle progression, and halotolerance; PPZ2 has a paralog, PPZ1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel060c YEL060C PRB1 Vacuolar proteinase B (yscB); serine protease of the subtilisin family; involved in protein degradation in the vacuole and required for full protein degradation during sporulation; activity inhibited by Pbi2p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; PRB1 has a paralog, YSP3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr297w YMR297W PRC1 Vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y (proteinase C, CPY); broad-specificity C-terminal exopeptidase involved in non-specific protein degradation in the vacuole; member of the serine carboxypeptidase family
ycl057w YCL057W PRD1 Zinc metalloendopeptidase; found in the cytoplasm and intermembrane space of mitochondria; with Cym1p, involved in degradation of mitochondrial proteins and of presequence peptides cleaved from imported proteins; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr135w YGR135W PRE9 Alpha 3 subunit of the 20S proteasome; the only nonessential 20S subunit; may be replaced by the alpha 4 subunit (Pre6p) under stress conditions to create a more active proteasomal isoform
yil095w YIL095W PRK1 Protein serine/threonine kinase; regulates the organization and function of the actin cytoskeleton and reduces endocytic ability of cell through the phosphorylation of the Pan1p-Sla1p-End3p protein complex; PRK1 has a paralog, ARK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl279w YNL279W PRM1 Pheromone-regulated multispanning membrane protein; involved in membrane fusion during mating; predicted to have 5 transmembrane segments and a coiled coil domain; localizes to the shmoo tip; regulated by Ste12p
yjl108c YJL108C PRM10 Pheromone-regulated protein; proposed to be involved in mating; predicted to have 5 transmembrane segments; induced by treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation
ymr278w YMR278W PRM15 Phosphoribomutase; catalyzes interconversion of ribose-1-phosphate and ribose-5-phosphate; has some phosphoglucomutase activity but primary activity in vivo is phosphoribomutase; contributes to ribose recycling in the pentose phosphate pathway; transcription induced in response to stress; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; non-essential
yil037c YIL037C PRM2 Pheromone-regulated protein; predicted to have 4 transmembrane segments and a coiled coil domain; regulated by Ste12p; required for efficient nuclear fusion
ypl192c YPL192C PRM3 Protein required for nuclear envelope fusion during karyogamy; pheromone-regulated; localizes to the outer face of the nuclear membrane; interacts with Kar5p at the spindle pole body
ypl156c YPL156C PRM4 Pheromone-regulated protein proposed to be involved in mating; predicted to have 1 transmembrane segment; transcriptionally regulated by Ste12p during mating and by Cat8p during the diauxic shift
yil117c YIL117C PRM5 Pheromone-regulated protein, predicted to have 1 transmembrane segment; induced during cell integrity signaling; PRM5 has a paralog, YNL058C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml047c YML047C PRM6 Potassium transporter that mediates K+ influx; activates high-affinity Ca2+ influx system (HACS) during mating pheromone response; expression up-regulated in response to alpha factor; regulated by Ste12p during mating; localized to sites of polarized growth; member of a fungal-specific gene family; PRM6 has a paralog, KCH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl039c YDL039C PRM7 Pheromone-regulated protein; predicted to have one transmembrane segment; promoter contains Gcn4p binding elements
ydl038c YDL039C PRM7 Pheromone-regulated protein; predicted to have one transmembrane segment; promoter contains Gcn4p binding elements
ygl053w YGL053W PRM8 Pheromone-regulated protein; contains with 2 predicted transmembrane segments and an FF sequence, a motif involved in COPII binding; forms a complex with Prp9p in the ER; member of DUP240 gene family; PRM8 has a paralog, PRM9, that arose from a segmental duplication
yar031w YAR031W PRM9 Pheromone-regulated protein; contains 3 predicted transmembrane segments and an FF sequence, a motif involved in COPII binding; member of DUP240 gene family; PRM9 has a paralog, PRM8, that arose from a segmental duplication
ydr300c YDR300C PRO1 Gamma-glutamyl kinase; catalyzes the first step in proline biosynthesis; PRO1 has a paralog, YHR033W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor323c YOR323C PRO2 Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase; catalyzes the second step in proline biosynthesis
ygr006w YGR006W PRP18 Splicing factor and component of snRNP U5; factor involved in the positioning of the 3' splice site during the second catalytic step of splicing; interacts with Slu7p
ykl116c YKL116C PRR1 Serine/threonine protein kinase; inhibits pheromone induced signaling downstream of MAPK, possibly at the level of the Ste12p transcription factor
ydl214c YDL214C PRR2 Serine/threonine protein kinase; inhibits pheromone induced signalling downstream of MAPK, possibly at the level of the Ste12p transcription factor; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; PRR2 has a paralog, NPR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl011c YHL011C PRS3 5-phospho-ribosyl-1(alpha)-pyrophosphate synthetase; synthesizes PRPP, which is required for nucleotide, histidine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; one of five related enzymes, which are active as heteromultimeric complexes
ybl068w YBL068W PRS4 5-phospho-ribosyl-1(alpha)-pyrophosphate synthetase, synthesizes PRPP; which is required for nucleotide, histidine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; one of five related enzymes, which are active as heteromultimeric complexes; PRS4 has a paralog, PRS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol061w YOL061W PRS5 5-phospho-ribosyl-1(alpha)-pyrophosphate synthetase; synthesizes PRPP, which is required for nucleotide, histidine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; one of five related enzymes, which are active as heteromultimeric complexes; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ybl064c YBL064C PRX1 Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin with thioredoxin peroxidase activity; has a role in reduction of hydroperoxides; reactivation requires Trr2p and glutathione; induced during respiratory growth and oxidative stress; phosphorylated; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yjl079c YJL079C PRY1 Sterol binding protein involved in the export of acetylated sterols; secreted glycoprotein and member of the CAP protein superfamily (cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP), antigen 5, and pathogenesis related 1 proteins); sterol export function is redundant with that of PRY2; may be involved in detoxification of hydrophobic compounds; PRY1 has a paralog, PRY2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr013w YKR013W PRY2 Sterol binding protein involved in the export of acetylated sterols; secreted glycoprotein and member of the CAP protein superfamily (cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP), antigen 5, and pathogenesis related 1 proteins); sterol export function is redundant with that of PRY1; may be involved in detoxification of hydrophobic compounds; PRY2 has a paralog, PRY1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl078c YJL078C PRY3 Cell wall-associated protein involved in export of acetylated sterols; member of the CAP protein superfamily (cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP), antigen 5, and pathogenesis related 1 proteins); role in mating efficiency; expression of full-length transcript is daughter cell-specific; in response to alpha factor, a short transcript starting at +452 is expressed and the long form is repressed by Ste12p
ynl169c YNL169C PSD1 Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase of the mitochondrial inner membrane; converts phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine; regulates mitochondrial fusion and morphology by affecting lipid mixing in the mitochondrial membrane and by influencing the ratio of long to short forms of Mgm1p; partly exposed to the mitochondrial intermembrane space
ygr170w YGR170W PSD2 Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase of the Golgi and vacuolar membranes; converts phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanolamine; controls vacuolar membrane phospholipid content by regulating phospholipids in compartments that will eventually give rise to the vacuole; loss of Psd2p causes a specific reduction in vacuolar membrane PE levels while total PE levels are not significantly affected
yol054w YOL054W PSH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting centromere-binding protein Cse4p; mediates poyubiquitination and degradation of Cse4p; prevents Cse4p from mislocalizing to euchromatin; ubiquitylation of Cse4p may be antagonized by Scm3p
yal017w YAL017W PSK1 PAS domain-containing serine/threonine protein kinase; coordinately regulates protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism and storage in response to a unknown metabolite that reflects nutritional status; PSK1 has a paralog, PSK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol045w YOL045W PSK2 PAS-domain containing serine/threonine protein kinase; regulates sugar flux and translation in response to an unknown metabolite by phosphorylating Ugp1p and Gsy2p (sugar flux) and Caf20p, Tif11p and Sro9p (translation); PSK2 has a paralog, PSK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr137c YMR137C PSO2 Nuclease required for DNA single- and double-strand break repair; acts at a post-incision step in repair of breaks that result from interstrand cross-links produced by a variety of mono- and bi-functional psoralen derivatives; induced by UV-irradiation; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
ydr505c YDR505C PSP1 Asn and gln rich protein of unknown function; high-copy suppressor of POL1 (DNA polymerase alpha) and partial suppressor of CDC2 (polymerase delta) and CDC6 (pre-RC loading factor) mutations; overexpression results in growth inhibition; PSP1 has a paralog, YLR177W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml017w YML017W PSP2 Asn rich cytoplasmic protein that contains RGG motifs; high-copy suppressor of group II intron-splicing defects of a mutation in MRS2 and of a conditional mutation in POL1 (DNA polymerase alpha); possible role in mitochondrial mRNA splicing
yll010c YLL010C PSR1 Plasma membrane associated protein phosphatase; involved in the general stress response; required along with binding partner Whi2p for full activation of STRE-mediated gene expression, possibly through dephosphorylation of Msn2p; PSR1 has a paralog, PSR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr019w YLR019W PSR2 Plasma membrane phosphatase involved in the general stress response; required with Psr1p and Whi2p for full activation of STRE-mediated gene expression, possibly through dephosphorylation of Msn2p; PSR2 has a paralog, PSR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr055w YDR055W PST1 Cell wall protein that contains a putative GPI-attachment site; secreted by regenerating protoplasts; up-regulated by activation of the cell integrity pathway, as mediated by Rlm1p; upregulated by cell wall damage via disruption of FKS1; PST1 has a paralog, ECM33, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr032c YDR032C PST2 Protein with similarity to a family of flavodoxin-like proteins; induced by oxidative stress in a Yap1p dependent manner; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; PST2 has a paralog, RFS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl076c YKL076C PSY1 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 69% of ORF overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YKL075C
ynl201c YNL201C PSY2 Subunit of protein phosphatase PP4 complex; active complex is composed of catalytic subunit Pph3p and Psy2p, with Psy4p apparently providing additional substrate specificity in some cases; regulates recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint and also the gene conversion- and single-strand annealing-mediated pathways of meiotic double-strand break repair; Pph3p and Psy2p localize to foci on meiotic chromosomes; putative homolog of mammalian R3
ylr376c YLR376C PSY3 Component of the Shu complex, which promotes error-free DNA repair; Shu complex mediates inhibition of Srs2p function; structural analysis reveals a similar DNA-binding region in both Psy3p and Csm2p and that both regions work together to form a single DNA binding site; deletion of PSY3 results in a mutator phenotype; deletion increases sensitivity to anticancer drugs oxaliplatin and cisplatin but not mitomycin C
ybl046w YBL046W PSY4 Regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase PP4; presence of Psy4p in the PP4 complex (along with catalytic subunit Pph3p and Psy2p) is required for dephosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX, but not for dephosphorylation of Rad53p, during recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint; localization is cell-cycle dependent and regulated by Cdc28p phosphorylation; required for cisplatin resistance; homolog of mammalian R2
ydl006w YDL006W PTC1 Type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C); dephosphorylates Hog1p, inactivating osmosensing MAPK cascade; involved in Fus3p activation during pheromone response; deletion affects precursor tRNA splicing, mitochondrial inheritance, and sporulation
yer089c YER089C PTC2 Type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C); dephosphorylates Hog1p to limit maximal osmostress induced kinase activity; dephosphorylates Ire1p to downregulate the unfolded protein response; dephosphorylates Cdc28p; inactivates the DNA damage checkpoint; PTC2 has a paralog, PTC3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl056w YBL056W PTC3 Type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C); dephosphorylates Hog1p (see also Ptc2p) to limit maximal kinase activity induced by osmotic stress; dephosphorylates T169 phosphorylated Cdc28p (see also Ptc2p); role in DNA damage checkpoint inactivation; PTC3 has a paralog, PTC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr125c YBR125C PTC4 Cytoplasmic type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C); identified as a high-copy number suppressor of cnb1 mpk1 synthetic lethality; overexpression decreases high-osmolarity induced Hog1p phosphorylation and kinase activity
yor090c YOR090C PTC5 Mitochondrial type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C); involved in regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by dephosphorylating the serine 133 of the Pda1p subunit; localizes to the intermembrane space and is imported via the presequence pathway and processed by the inner membrane protease (Imp1p-Imp2p); acts in concert with kinases Pkp1p and Pkp2p and phosphatase Ptc6p
ycr079w YCR079W PTC6 Mitochondrial type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C); has similarity to mammalian PP1Ks; involved in mitophagy; null mutant is sensitive to rapamycin and has decreased phosphorylation of the Pda1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase
yhr076w YHR076W PTC7 Type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C); alternatively spliced to create two mRNA isoforms; protein from spliced form localizes to the mitochondria while the one from the unspliced form is localized to the nuclear envelope
yhr189w YHR189W PTH1 One of two mitochondrially-localized peptidyl-tRNA hydrolases; dispensable for respiratory growth on rich medium, but required for respiratory growth on minimal medium; see also PTH2
ybl057c YBL057C PTH2 One of two mitochondrially-localized peptidyl-tRNA hydrolases; negatively regulates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway via interactions with ubiquitin-like ubiquitin-associated proteins; dispensable for cell growth; see also PTH1
yjr059w YJR059W PTK2 Putative serine/threonine protein kinase; involved in regulation of ion transport across plasma membrane; enhances spermine uptake; PTK2 has a paralog, PTK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl039w YKL039W PTM1 Protein of unknown function; copurifies with late Golgi vesicles containing the v-SNARE Tlg2p; PTM1 has a paralog, YHL017W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl230w YDL230W PTP1 Phosphotyrosine-specific protein phosphatase; dephosphorylates a broad range of substrates in vivo, including Fpr3p; localized to the cytoplasm and the mitochondria; proposed to be a negative regulator of filamentation
yor208w YOR208W PTP2 Phosphotyrosine-specific protein phosphatase; involved in the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) during osmolarity sensing; dephosporylates Hog1p MAPK and regulates its localization; localized to the nucleus
yer075c YER075C PTP3 Phosphotyrosine-specific protein phosphatase; involved in the inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) during osmolarity sensing; dephosporylates Hog1p MAPK and regulates its localization; localized to the cytoplasm
ykr093w YKR093W PTR2 Integral membrane peptide transporter; mediates transport of di- and tri-peptides; conserved protein that contains 12 transmembrane domains; PTR2 expression is regulated by the N-end rule pathway via repression by Cup9p
ynl016w YNL016W PUB1 Poly (A)+ RNA-binding protein; abundant mRNP-component protein that binds mRNA and is required for stability of many mRNAs; component of glucose deprivation induced stress granules, involved in P-body-dependent granule assembly; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypr042c YPR042C PUF2 PUF family mRNA-binding protein; Pumilio homology domain confers RNA binding activity; preferentially binds mRNAs encoding membrane-associated proteins; binding site composed of two UAAU tetranucleotides, separated by a 3-nt linker; PUF2 has a paralog, JSN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll013c YLL013C PUF3 Protein of the mitochondrial outer surface; links the Arp2/3 complex with the mitochore during anterograde mitochondrial movement; also binds to and promotes degradation of mRNAs for select nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins
ygl014w YGL014W PUF4 Member of the PUF protein family; PUF family is defined by the presence of Pumilio homology domains that confer RNA binding activity; preferentially binds mRNAs encoding nucleolar ribosomal RNA-processing factors
ydr496c YDR496C PUF6 Pumilio-homology domain protein; binds the 3' UTR of ASH1 mRNA and represses its translation, resulting in proper asymmetric localization of ASH1 mRNA; required at post-transcriptional step for efficient retrotransposition; absence results in decreased Ty1 Gag:GFP protein levels; co-sediments with the 60S ribosomal subunit and is required for its biogenesis
yer185w YER185W PUG1 Plasma membrane protein involved in protoprophyrin and heme transport; roles in the uptake of protoprophyrin IX and the efflux of heme; expression is induced under both low-heme and low-oxygen conditions; member of the fungal lipid-translocating exporter (LTE) family of proteins
ylr414c YLR414C PUN1 Plasma membrane protein with a role in cell wall integrity; co-localizes with Sur7p in punctate membrane patches; null mutant displays decreased thermotolerance; transcription induced upon cell wall damage and metal ion stress
ypl212c YPL212C PUS1 tRNA:pseudouridine synthase; introduces pseudouridines at positions 26-28, 34-36, 65, and 67 of tRNA; nuclear protein that appears to be involved in tRNA export; also acts on U2 snRNA; PUS1 has a paralog, PUS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl063w YGL063W PUS2 Mitochondrial tRNA:pseudouridine synthase; acts at positions 27 and 28, but not at position 72; efficiently and rapidly targeted to mitochondria, specifically dedicated to mitochondrial tRNA modification; PUS2 has a paralog, PUS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl292w YNL292W PUS4 Pseudouridine synthase; catalyzes only the formation of pseudouridine-55 (Psi55), a highly conserved tRNA modification, in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tRNAs; PUS4 overexpression leads to translational derepression of GCN4 (Gcd- phenotype)
ylr165c YLR165C PUS5 Pseudouridine synthase; catalyzes only the formation of pseudouridine (Psi)-2819 in mitochondrial 21S rRNA; not essential for viability
ygr169c YGR169C PUS6 tRNA:pseudouridine synthase; catalyzes the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine at position 31 in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs; mutation of Asp168 to Ala abolishes enzyme activity; not essential for viability
yor243c YOR243C PUS7 Pseudouridine synthase; catalyzes pseudouridylation at positions 35 and 56 in U2 snRNA, position 50 in 5S rRNA, position 13 in cytoplasmic tRNAs, and position 35 in pre-tRNA(Tyr); conserved in archaea, vertebrates, and some bacteria
ydl036c YDL036C PUS9 Mitochondrial tRNA:pseudouridine synthase; catalyzes the formation of pseudouridine at position 32 in mitochondrial tRNAs; contains an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence; PUS9 has a paralog, RIB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr142w YLR142W PUT1 Proline oxidase; nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in utilization of proline as sole nitrogen source; PUT1 transcription is induced by Put3p in the presence of proline and the absence of a preferred nitrogen source
yhr037w YHR037W PUT2 Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase; nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in utilization of proline as sole nitrogen source; deficiency of the human homolog causes HPII, an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism
ykl015w YKL015W PUT3 Transcriptional activator; binds specific gene recruitment sequences and is required for DNA zip code-mediated targeting of genes to nuclear periphery; regulates proline utilization genes, constitutively binds PUT1 and PUT2 promoters as a dimer, undergoes conformational change to form active state; binds other promoters only under activating conditions; differentially phosphorylated in presence of different nitrogen sources; has a Zn(2)-Cys(6) binuclear cluster domain
yor348c YOR348C PUT4 Proline permease; required for high-affinity transport of proline; also transports the toxic proline analog azetidine-2-carboxylate (AzC); PUT4 transcription is repressed in ammonia-grown cells
ypl147w YPL147W PXA1 Subunit of a heterodimeric peroxisomal ABC transport complex; required for import of long-chain fatty acids into peroxisomes; similarity to human adrenoleukodystrophy transporter ABCD1 and ABCD2 and ALD-related proteins; mutations in ABCD1 cause X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a peroxisomal disorder; complex also includes Pxa2p
ykl188c YKL188C PXA2 Subunit of a heterodimeric peroxisomal ABC transport complex; required for import of long-chain fatty acids into peroxisomes; similarity to human adrenoleukodystrophy transporter ABCD1 and ABCD2 and ALD-related proteins; mutations in ABCD1 cause X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a peroxisomal disorder; complex also includes Pxa1p
ykr090w YKR090W PXL1 Protein that localizes to sites of polarized growth; required for selection and/or maintenance of polarized growth sites, may modulate signaling by the GTPases Cdc42p and Rho1p; contains LIM domains and has similarity to metazoan paxillin; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ygl062w YGL062W PYC1 Pyruvate carboxylase isoform; cytoplasmic enzyme that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate; differentially regulated than isoform Pyc2p; mutations in the human homolog are associated with lactic acidosis; PYC1 has a paralog, PYC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr218c YBR218C PYC2 Pyruvate carboxylase isoform; cytoplasmic enzyme that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate; differentially regulated than isoform Pyc1p; mutations in the human homolog are associated with lactic acidosis; PYC2 has a paralog, PYC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor347c YOR347C PYK2 Pyruvate kinase; appears to be modulated by phosphorylation; transcription repressed by glucose, and Pyk2p may be active under low glycolytic flux; PYK2 has a paralog, CDC19, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr001w-a YHR001W-A QCR10 Subunit of the ubiqunol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex; this complex comprises part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain; members include Cobp, Rip1p, Cyt1p, Cor1p, Qcr2p, Qcr6p, Qcr7p, Qcr8p, Qcr9p, and Qcr10p and comprises part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
ypr191w YPR191W QCR2 Subunit 2 of ubiquinol cytochrome-c reductase (Complex III); Complex III is a component of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain; phosphorylated; transcription is regulated by Hap1p, Hap2p/Hap3p, and heme
yfr033c YFR033C QCR6 Subunit 6 of the ubiquinol cytochrome-c reductase complex; the complex, also known as the cytochrome bc(1) complex or Complex III, is a component of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain; highly acidic protein; required for maturation of cytochrome c1; may be loosely associated with the complex since it is easily released into the intermembrane space
ydr529c YDR529C QCR7 Subunit 7 of ubiquinol cytochrome-c reductase (Complex III); Complex III is a component of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain; oriented facing the mitochondrial matrix; N-terminus appears to play a role in complex assembly
yjl166w YJL166W QCR8 Subunit 8 of ubiquinol cytochrome-c reductase (Complex III); Complex III is a component of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain; oriented facing the intermembrane space; expression is regulated by Abf1p and Cpf1p
ygr183c YGR183C QCR9 Subunit 9 of ubiquinol cytochrome-c reductase (Complex III); Complex III is a component of the mitochondrial inner membrane electron transport chain; required for electron transfer at the ubiquinol oxidase site of the complex
yil120w YIL120W QDR1 Multidrug transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; involved in spore wall assembly; sequence similarity to DTR1 and QDR3, and the triple mutant dtr1 qdr1 qdr3 exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants; required for resistance to quinidine, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and barban; QDR1 has a paralog, AQR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil121w YIL121W QDR2 Plasma membrane transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; exports copper; has broad substrate specificity and can transport many mono- and divalent cations; transports a variety of drugs and is required for resistance to quinidine, barban, cisplatin, and bleomycin; contributes to potassium homeostasis; expression is regulated by copper
ybr043c YBR043C QDR3 Multidrug transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; has a role in polyamine homeostasis; involved in spore wall asembly; sequence similarity to DTR1 and QDR1, and the triple mutant dtr1 qdr1 qdr3 exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants; expression is upregulated under polyamine stress; required for resistance to quinidine, barban, cisplatin, and bleomycin
ylr204w YLR204W QRI5 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; required for accumulation of spliced COX1 mRNA; may have an additional role in translation of COX1 mRNA
ydl104c YDL104C QRI7 Protein involved in threonylcarbamoyl adenosine biosynthesis; Sua5p and Qri7p are necessary and sufficient for RNA t6A modification in vitro; highly conserved mitochondrial protein; essential for t6A modification of mitochondrial tRNAs that decode ANN codons; similar to Kae1p and E. coli YgjD, both of which are also required for tRNA t6A modification; when directed to the cytoplasm, complements the essential function of Kae1p in the KEOPS complex
ypl022w YPL022W RAD1 Single-stranded DNA endonuclease (with Rad10p); cleaves single-stranded DNA during nucleotide excision repair and double-strand break repair; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 1 (NEF1); homolog of human XPF protein
yml095c YML095C RAD10 Single-stranded DNA endonuclease (with Rad1p); cleaves single-stranded DNA during nucleotide excision repair and double-strand break repair; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 1 (NEF1); homolog of human ERCC1 protein
ymr201c YMR201C RAD14 Protein that recognizes and binds damaged DNA during NER; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 1 (NEF1); contains zinc finger motif; homolog of human XPA protein; NER stands for nucleotide excision repair
ybr114w YBR114W RAD16 Protein that binds damaged DNA during NER; binds DNA in an ATP-dependent manner (with Rad7p) during nucleotide excision repair (NER); subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 4 (NEF4) and the Elongin-Cullin-Socs (ECS) ligase complex
yor368w YOR368W RAD17 Checkpoint protein; involved in the activation of the DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoints; with Mec3p and Ddc1p, forms a clamp that is loaded onto partial duplex DNA; homolog of human and S. pombe Rad1 and U. maydis Rec1 proteins
ycr066w YCR066W RAD18 E3 ubiquitin ligase; forms heterodimer with Rad6p to monoubiquitinate PCNA-K164; heterodimer binds single-stranded DNA and has single-stranded DNA dependent ATPase activity; required for postreplication repair; SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbl) that contains a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) which stimulates its ubiquitin ligase activity towards the sumoylated form of PCNA
ygr258c YGR258C RAD2 Single-stranded DNA endonuclease; cleaves single-stranded DNA during nucleotide excision repair to excise damaged DNA; subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 3 (NEF3); homolog of human XPG protein
yel037c YEL037C RAD23 Protein with ubiquitin-like N terminus; subunit of Nuclear Excision Repair Factor 2 (NEF2) with Rad4p that binds damaged DNA; enhances protein deglycosylation activity of Png1p; also involved, with Rad4p, in ubiquitylated protein turnover
yer173w YER173W RAD24 Checkpoint protein; involved in the activation of the DNA damage and meiotic pachytene checkpoints; subunit of a clamp loader that loads Rad17p-Mec3p-Ddc1p onto DNA; homolog of human and S. pombe Rad17 protein
yjr035w YJR035W RAD26 Protein involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair; repairs UV-induced DNA lesions; recruitment to DNA lesions is dependent on an elongating RNA polymerase II; homolog of human CSB protein
ykl113c YKL113C RAD27 5' to 3' exonuclease, 5' flap endonuclease; required for Okazaki fragment processing and maturation, for long-patch base-excision repair and large loop repair (LLR), ribonucleotide excision repair; member of the S. pombe RAD2/FEN1 family; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ydr030c YDR030C RAD28 Protein involved in DNA repair; related to the human CSA protein that is involved in transcription-coupled repair nucleotide excision repair
ydr419w YDR419W RAD30 DNA polymerase eta; involved in translesion synthesis during post-replication repair; catalyzes the synthesis of DNA opposite cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and other lesions; may also have a role in protection against mitochondrial mutagenesis; mutations in human pol eta are responsible for XPV
yml011c YML011C RAD33 Protein involved in nucleotide excision repair; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus
ydr314c YDR314C RAD34 Protein involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER); homologous to RAD4
yer162c YER162C RAD4 Protein that recognizes and binds damaged DNA (with Rad23p) during NER; subunit of Nuclear Excision Repair Factor 2 (NEF2); also involved, with Rad23p, in turnover of ubiquitylated proteins; NER stands for nucleotide excision repair
ylr032w YLR032W RAD5 DNA helicase/Ubiquitin ligase; involved in error-free branch of DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway; proposed to promote replication fork regression during postreplication repair by template switching; stimulates synthesis of free and PCNA-bound polyubiquitin chains by Ubc13p-Mms2p; required for error-prone translesion synthesis; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; associates with native telomeres, cooperates with homologous recombination in senescent cells
ynl250w YNL250W RAD50 Subunit of MRX complex with Mre11p and Xrs2p; complex is involved in processing double-strand DNA breaks in vegetative cells, initiation of meiotic DSBs, telomere maintenance, and nonhomologous end joining; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
yer095w YER095W RAD51 Strand exchange protein; forms a helical filament with DNA that searches for homology; involved in the recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis; homolog of Dmc1p and bacterial RecA protein
yml032c YML032C RAD52 Protein that stimulates strand exchange; stimulates strand exchange by facilitating Rad51p binding to single-stranded DNA; anneals complementary single-stranded DNA; involved in the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis and UV induced sister chromatid recombination
ygl163c YGL163C RAD54 DNA-dependent ATPase that stimulates strand exchange; modifies the topology of double-stranded DNA; involved in the recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis; member of the SWI/SNF family of DNA translocases; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
ydr076w YDR076W RAD55 Protein that stimulates strand exchange; stimulates strand exchange by stabilizing the binding of Rad51p to single-stranded DNA; involved in the recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis; forms heterodimer with Rad57p
ydr004w YDR004W RAD57 Protein that stimulates strand exchange; stimulates strand exchange by stabilizing the binding of Rad51p to single-stranded DNA; involved in the recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth and meiosis; forms heterodimer with Rad55p
ydl059c YDL059C RAD59 Protein involved DNA double-strand break repair; repairs breaks in DNA during vegetative growth via recombination and single-strand annealing; anneals complementary single-stranded DNA; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress; required for loading of Rad52p to DSBs; paralog of Rad52p
ygl058w YGL058W RAD6 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2); involved in postreplication repair as a heterodimer with Rad18p, DSBR and checkpoint control as a heterodimer with Bre1p, ubiquitin-mediated N-end rule protein degradation as a heterodimer with Ubr1p, as well as endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) with Ubr1p in the absence of canonical ER membrane ligases
ydr014w YDR014W RAD61 Subunit of a complex that inhibits sister chromatid cohesion; also negatively regulates chromosome condensation; inhibited by Eco1p-acetylated cohesin subunits Smc3p and Mcd1p; binds Smc3p ATPase head of cohesin; related to the human Wapl protein that controls the association of cohesin with chromatin
yjr052w YJR052W RAD7 Protein that binds damaged DNA during NER; binds DNA in an ATP-dependent manner (with Rad16p) during nucleotide excision repair (NER); subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 4 (NEF4) and the Elongin-Cullin-Socs (ECS) ligase complex
ydr217c YDR217C RAD9 DNA damage-dependent checkpoint protein; required for cell-cycle arrest in G1/S, intra-S, and G2/M, plays a role in postreplication repair (PRR) pathway; transmits checkpoint signal by activating Rad53p and Chk1p; hyperphosphorylated by Mec1p and Tel1p; multiple cyclin dependent kinase consensus sites and the C-terminal BRCT domain contribute to DNA damage checkpoint activation; Rad9p Chk1 Activating Domain (CAD) is phosphorylated at multiple sites by Cdc28p/Clb2p
ygl246c YGL246C RAI1 Nuclear protein with decapping endonuclease activity; targets mRNAs with unmethylated 7-methylguanosine cap structures and 5'-triphosphates; binds to and stabilizes the exoribonuclease Rat1p; required for pre-rRNA processing; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; homologous to human DOM3Z
ydl090c YDL090C RAM1 Beta subunit of the CAAX farnesyltransferase (FTase); this complex prenylates the a-factor mating pheromone and Ras proteins; required for the membrane localization of Ras proteins and a-factor; homolog of the mammalian FTase beta subunit
yor101w YOR101W RAS1 GTPase involved in G-protein signaling in adenylate cyclase activation; plays a role in cell proliferation; localized to the plasma membrane; homolog of mammalian RAS proto-oncogenes; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; RAS1 has a paralog, RAS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl098c YNL098C RAS2 GTP-binding protein; regulates nitrogen starvation response, sporulation, and filamentous growth; farnesylation and palmitoylation required for activity and localization to plasma membrane; homolog of mammalian Ras proto-oncogenes; RAS2 has a paralog, RAS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr033c YJR033C RAV1 Subunit of RAVE complex (Rav1p, Rav2p, Skp1p); the RAVE complex promotes assembly of the V-ATPase holoenzyme; required for transport between the early and late endosome/PVC and for localization of TGN membrane proteins; potential Cdc28p substrate
ydr202c YDR202C RAV2 Subunit of RAVE complex (Rav1p, Rav2p, Skp1p); the RAVE complex associates with the V1 domain of the vacuolar membrane (H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) and promotes assembly and reassembly of the holoenzyme
yor301w YOR301W RAX1 Protein involved in bud site selection during bipolar budding; localization requires Rax2p; has similarity to members of the insulin-related peptide superfamily
ylr084c YLR084C RAX2 N-glycosylated protein; involved in the maintenance of bud site selection during bipolar budding; localization requires Rax1p; RAX2 mRNA stability is regulated by Mpt5p
ypl246c YPL246C RBD2 Possible rhomboid protease; has similarity to eukaryotic rhomboid proteases including Pcp1p
yal036c YAL036C RBG1 Member of the DRG family of GTP-binding proteins; associates with translating ribosomes; interacts with Tma46p, Ygr250cp, Gir2p and Yap1p via two-hybrid
ygr173w YGR173W RBG2 Protein with a role in translation; forms a complex with Gir2p; has similarity to mammalian developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein
ycr036w YCR036W RBK1 Putative ribokinase
yor265w YOR265W RBL2 Protein involved in microtubule morphogenesis; required for protection from excess free beta-tubulin; proposed to be involved the folding of beta-tubulin; similar to mouse beta-tubulin cofactor A; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydl189w YDL189W RBS1 Protein of unknown function; identified as a high copy suppressor of psk1 psk2 mutations that confer temperature-sensitivity for galactose utilization; proposed to bind single-stranded nucleic acids via its R3H domain
ymr274c YMR274C RCE1 Type II CAAX prenyl protease; involved in the proteolysis and maturation of Ras and the a-factor mating pheromone
yml030w YML030W RCF1 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit; required for assembly of the Complex III-Complex IV supercomplex, and for assembly of Cox13p and Rcf2p into cytochrome c oxidase; similar to Rcf2p, and either Rcf1p or Rcf2p is required for late-stage assembly of the Cox12p and Cox13p subunits and for cytochrome c oxidase activity; required for growth under hypoxic conditions; member of the hypoxia induced gene family; C. elegans and human orthologs are functional in yeast
ynr018w YNR018W RCF2 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit; has a role in assembly of respiratory supercomplexes; similar to Rcf1p, and either Rcf1p or Rcf2p is required for late-stage assembly of the Cox12p and Cox13p subunits and for cytochrome c oxidase activity; associates with the cytochrome c oxidase - cytochrome bc1 supercomplex; null mutant accumulates reactive oxygen species; member of the conserved hypoxia induced gene family; C. elegans homolog is functional in yeast
ygl158w YGL158W RCK1 Protein kinase involved in the response to oxidative stress; identified as suppressor of S. pombe cell cycle checkpoint mutations; RCK1 has a paralog, RCK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr248w YLR248W RCK2 Protein kinase involved in response to oxidative and osmotic stress; identified as suppressor of S. pombe cell cycle checkpoint mutations; similar to CaM (calmodulin) kinases; RCK2 has a paralog, RCK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl022c YNL022C RCM1 rRNA m5C methyltransferase; methylates cytosine at position 2278 of 25S rRNA while Nop2p methylates cytosine at position 2870; contains seven beta-strand methyltransferase motif; localized to the nucleolus; interacts with Trm112p; homolog of NSUN5A, a human gene which is deleted in Williams-Beuren Syndrome
ykl159c YKL159C RCN1 Protein involved in calcineurin regulation during calcium signaling; has similarity to H. sapiens DSCR1 which is found in the Down Syndrome candidate region
yor220w YOR220W RCN2 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; phosphorylated in response to alpha factor; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr075w YMR075W RCO1 Essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex; interacts with Eaf3p
ybr005w YBR005W RCR1 Protein of the ER membrane involved in cell wall chitin deposition; may function in the endosomal-vacuolar trafficking pathway, helping determine whether plasma membrane proteins are degraded or routed to the plasma membrane; RCR1 has a paralog, RCR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr003w YDR003W RCR2 Vacuolar protein; presumably functions within the endosomal-vacuolar trafficking pathway, affecting events that determine whether plasma membrane proteins are degraded or routed to the plasma membrane; RCR2 has a paralog, RCR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl204c YJL204C RCY1 F-box protein involved in recycling endocytosed proteins; involved in recycling plasma membrane proteins internalized by endocytosis; localized to sites of polarized growth; direct interaction with C-terminal cytoplasmic region of Drs2p plays an important role for Drs2p function in endocytic recycling pathway
ybr073w YBR073W RDH54 DNA-dependent ATPase; DNA recombination/repair translocase, supercoils DNA and promotes DNA strand opening; stimulates strand exchange by modifying the topology of double-stranded DNA; involved in recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks during mitosis and meiosis; contributes to the remodelling of nucleosomes; proposed to be involved in crossover interference; interacts with Dmc1p; stimulates Dmc1p and Rad51p
ydl135c YDL135C RDI1 Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor; involved in the localization and regulation of Cdc42p and Rho1p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor285w YOR285W RDL1 Protein of unknown function containing a rhodanese-like domain; localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor286w YOR286W RDL2 Protein with rhodanese activity; contains a rhodanese-like domain similar to Rdl1p, Uba4p, Tum1p, and Ych1p; overexpression causes a cell cycle delay; null mutant displays elevated frequency of mitochondrial genome loss
yor380w YOR380W RDR1 Transcriptional repressor involved in regulating multidrug resistance; negatively regulates expression of the PDR5 gene; member of the Gal4p family of zinc cluster proteins
ycr106w YCR106W RDS1 Putative zinc cluster transcription factor; involved in conferring resistance to cycloheximide
ypl133c YPL133C RDS2 Transcription factor involved in regulating gluconeogenesis; also involved in the regulation of glyoxylate cycle genes; member of the zinc cluster family of proteins; confers resistance to ketoconazole
ylr329w YLR329W REC102 Protein involved in early stages of meiotic recombination; required for chromosome synapsis; forms a complex with Rec104p and Spo11p necessary during the initiation of recombination
yhr157w YHR157W REC104 Protein involved in early stages of meiotic recombination; required for meiotic crossing over; forms a complex with Rec102p and Spo11p necessary during the initiation of recombination
yjr021c YJR021C REC107 Protein involved in early stages of meiotic recombination; involved in coordination between the initiation of recombination and the first division of meiosis; part of a complex (Rec107p-Mei4p-Rec114p) required for ds break formation
ymr133w YMR133W REC114 Protein involved in early stages of meiotic recombination; possibly involved in the coordination of recombination and meiotic division; mutations lead to premature initiation of the first meiotic division
ypr007c YPR007C REC8 Meiosis-specific component of sister chromatid cohesion complex; maintains cohesion between sister chromatids during meiosis I; maintains cohesion between centromeres of sister chromatids until meiosis II; independent of its role in sister chromatid cohesion, Rec8p promotes allelic collisions and prevents nonspecific chromosome interactions; homolog of S. pombe Rec8p
ylr263w YLR263W RED1 Protein component of the synaptonemal complex axial elements; involved in chromosome segregation during the first meiotic division; critical for coupling checkpoint signaling to SC formation; interacts with Hop1p, Mec3p and Ddc1p
yjl217w YJL217W REE1 Cytoplasmic protein involved in the regulation of enolase (ENO1); mRNA expression is induced by calcium shortage, copper deficiency (via Mac1p) and the presence of galactose (via Gal4p); mRNA expression is also regulated by the cell cycle
ydr195w YDR195W REF2 RNA-binding protein; involved in the cleavage step of mRNA 3'-end formation prior to polyadenylation, and in snoRNA maturation; part of holo-CPF subcomplex APT, which associates with 3'-ends of snoRNA- and mRNA-encoding genes; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ydr028c YDR028C REG1 Regulatory subunit of type 1 protein phosphatase Glc7p; involved in negative regulation of glucose-repressible genes; involved in regulation of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; REG1 has a paralog, REG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr050c YBR050C REG2 Regulatory subunit of the Glc7p type-1 protein phosphatase; involved with Reg1p, Glc7p, and Snf1p in regulation of glucose-repressible genes, also involved in glucose-induced proteolysis of maltose permease; REG2 has a paralog, REG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr387c YLR387C REH1 Cytoplasmic 60S subunit biogenesis factor; associates with pre-60S particles; similar to Rei1p and shares partially redundant function in cytoplasmic 60S subunit maturation; contains dispersed C2H2 zinc finger domains
ybr267w YBR267W REI1 Cytoplasmic pre-60S factor; required for the correct recycling of shuttling factors Alb1, Arx1 and Tif6 at the end of the ribosomal large subunit biogenesis; involved in bud growth in the mitotic signaling network
ycl001w YCL001W RER1 Protein involved in retention of membrane proteins; including Sec12p, in the ER; localized to Golgi; functions as a retrieval receptor in returning membrane proteins to the ER
yor346w YOR346W REV1 Deoxycytidyl transferase; involved in repair of abasic sites and adducted guanines in damaged DNA by translesion synthesis (TLS); forms a complex with the subunits of DNA polymerase zeta, Rev3p and Rev7p; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ypl167c YPL167C REV3 Catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase zeta; involved in translesion synthesis during post-replication repair; required for mutagenesis induced by DNA damage; involved in double-strand break repair; forms a complex with Rev7p, Pol31p and Pol32p
yil139c YIL139C REV7 Accessory subunit of DNA polymerase zeta; involved in translesion synthesis during post-replication repair; required for mutagenesis induced by DNA damage; involved in double-strand break repair; forms a complex with Rev3p, Pol31p and Pol32p
ylr059c YLR059C REX2 3'-5' RNA exonuclease; involved in 3'-end processing of U4 and U5 snRNAs, 5S and 5.8S rRNAs, and RNase P and RNase MRP RNA; localized to mitochondria and null suppresses escape of mtDNA to nucleus in yme1 yme2 mutants; RNase D exonuclease
ylr107w YLR107W REX3 RNA exonuclease; required for maturation of the RNA component of RNase MRP; functions redundantly with Rnh70p and Rex2p in processing of U5 snRNA and RNase P RNA; member of RNase D family of exonucleases
yol080c YOL080C REX4 Putative RNA exonuclease; possibly involved in pre-rRNA processing and ribosome assembly
yor279c YOR279C RFM1 Component of the Sum1p-Rfm1p-Hst1p complex; Rfm1p tethers the Hst1p histone deacetylase to the DNA-binding protein Sum1p; complex is involved in transcriptional repression of middle sporulation genes and in initiation of DNA replication
ybr052c YBR052C RFS1 Protein of unknown function; member of a flavodoxin-like fold protein family that includes Pst2p and Ycp4p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; RFS1 has a paralog, PST2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr073c YLR073C RFU1 Protein that inhibits Doa4p deubiquitinating activity; contributes to ubiquitin homeostasis by regulating the conversion of free ubiquitin chains to ubiquitin monomers by Doa4p; GFP-fusion protein localizes to endosomes
ylr176c YLR176C RFX1 Major transcriptional repressor of DNA-damage-regulated genes; recruits repressors Tup1p and Cyc8p to their promoters; involved in DNA damage and replication checkpoint pathway; similar to a family of mammalian DNA binding RFX1-4 proteins
yor127w YOR127W RGA1 GTPase-activating protein for polarity-establishment protein Cdc42p; implicated in control of septin organization, pheromone response, and haploid invasive growth; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; RGA1 has a paralog, RGA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr379w YDR379W RGA2 GTPase-activating protein for polarity-establishment protein Cdc42p; implicated in control of septin organization, pheromone response, and haploid invasive growth; regulated by Pho85p and Cdc28p; RGA2 has a paralog, RGA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr115w YPR115W RGC1 Pleckstrin homology domain containing protein; proposed to function as a glycerol channel activator; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; RGC1 has a paralog, ASK10, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr260c YBR260C RGD1 GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) for Rho3p and Rho4p; possibly involved in control of actin cytoskeleton organization
yfl047w YFL047W RGD2 GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) for Cdc42p and Rho5p; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
yer067w YER067W RGI1 Protein of unknown function; involved in energy metabolism under respiratory conditions; protein abundance is increased upon intracellular iron depletion or in response to DNA replication stress; RGI1 has a paralog, RGI2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil057c YIL057C RGI2 Protein of unknown function; involved in energy metabolism under respiratory conditions; expression induced under carbon limitation and repressed under high glucose; RGI2 has a paralog, RGI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl066w YPL066W RGL1 Regulator of Rho1p signaling, cofactor of Tus1p; required for the localization of Tus1p during all phases of cytokinesis; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the bud neck and cytoplasm; null mutant is viable and exhibits growth defect on a non-fermentable (respiratory) carbon source
ymr182c YMR182C RGM1 Putative zinc finger DNA binding transcription factor; contains two N-terminal C2H2 zinc fingers and C-terminal proline rich domain; overproduction impairs cell growth and induces expression of genes involved in monosaccharide catabolism and aldehyde metabolism; regulates expression of of Y' telomeric elements and subtelomeric COS genes; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; RGM1 has a paralog, USV1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr137w YDR137W RGP1 Subunit of a Golgi membrane exchange factor (Ric1p-Rgp1p); this complex catalyzes nucleotide exchange on Ypt6p
yor107w YOR107W RGS2 Negative regulator of glucose-induced cAMP signaling; directly activates the GTPase activity of the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit Gpa2p
ykl038w YKL038W RGT1 Glucose-responsive transcription factor; regulates expression of several glucose transporter (HXT) genes in response to glucose; binds to promoters and acts both as a transcriptional activator and repressor; RGT1 has a paralog, EDS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl138w YDL138W RGT2 Plasma membrane high glucose sensor that regulates glucose transport; contains 12 predicted transmembrane segments and a long C-terminal tail required for induction of hexose transporters; RGT2 has a paralog, SNF3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr027c YCR027C RHB1 Putative Rheb-related GTPase; involved in regulating canavanine resistance and arginine uptake; member of the Ras superfamily of G-proteins
ynl090w YNL090W RHO2 Non-essential small GTPase of the Rho/Rac family of Ras-like proteins; involved in the establishment of cell polarity and in microtubule assembly
ykr055w YKR055W RHO4 Non-essential small GTPase; member of the Rho/Rac subfamily of Ras-like proteins; likely to be involved in the establishment of cell polarity; has long N-terminal extension that plays an important role in Rho4p function and is shared with Rho4 homologs in other yeasts and filamentous fungi
ybl033c YBL033C RIB1 GTP cyclohydrolase II; catalyzes the first step of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway
yol143c YOL143C RIB4 Lumazine synthase (DMRL synthase); catalyzes synthesis of immediate precursor to riboflavin; DMRL synthase stands for 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase
ylr039c YLR039C RIC1 Protein involved in retrograde transport to the cis-Golgi network; forms heterodimer with Rgp1p that acts as a GTP exchange factor for Ypt6p; involved in transcription of rRNA and ribosomal protein genes
ybr275c YBR275C RIF1 Protein that binds to the Rap1p C-terminus; acts synergistically with Rif2p to help control telomere length and establish telomeric silencing; deletion results in telomere elongation
ylr453c YLR453C RIF2 Protein that binds to the Rap1p C-terminus; acts synergistically with Rif1p to help control telomere length and establish telomeric silencing; deletion results in telomere elongation; RIF2 has a paralog, ORC4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr028c-a YCR028C-A RIM1 ssDNA-binding protein essential for mitochondrial genome maintenance; involved in mitochondrial DNA replication
yhl027w YHL027W RIM101 Cys2His2 zinc-finger transcriptional repressor; involved in alkaline responsive gene repression as part of adaptation to a alkaline conditions; involved in cell wall assembly; required for alkaline pH-stimulated haploid invasive growth and sporulation; activated by alkaline-dependent proteolytic processing which results in removal of the C-terminal tail; similar to A. nidulans PacC
ymr139w YMR139W RIM11 Protein kinase; required for signal transduction during entry into meiosis; promotes the formation of the Ime1p-Ume6p complex by phosphorylating Ime1p and Ume6p; shares similarity with mammalian glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; RIM11 has a paralog, MRK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr154c YMR154C RIM13 Calpain-like cysteine protease; involved in proteolytic activation of Rim101p in response to alkaline pH; localizes to punctate structures in alkaline conditions and in vps4 mutant; has similarity to A. nidulans palB
yfl033c YFL033C RIM15 Protein kinase involved in cell proliferation in response to nutrients; glucose-repressible protein kinase; involved in signal transduction during cell proliferation in response to nutrients, specifically the establishment of stationary phase; identified as a regulator of IME2; substrate of Pho80p-Pho85p kinase
yor275c YOR275C RIM20 Protein involved in proteolytic activation of Rim101p; part of response to alkaline pH; PalA/AIP1/Alix family member; interaction with the ESCRT-III subunit Snf7p suggests a relationship between pH response and multivesicular body formation
ynl294c YNL294C RIM21 pH sensor molecule, component of the RIM101 pathway; has a role in cell wall construction and alkaline pH response; is glycosylated and phosphorylated; interacts with Dfg16p and Rim9p to form a pH-sensing complex; localization to the plasma membrane is dependent on Dfg16p and Rim9p; has similarity to A. nidulans PalH
yhl024w YHL024W RIM4 Putative RNA-binding protein; required for the expression of early and middle sporulation genes
ymr063w YMR063W RIM9 Plasma membrane protein of unknown function; involved in the proteolytic activation of Rim101p in response to alkaline pH; interacts with Rim21p and Dfg16p to form a pH-sensing complex in the Rim101 pathway and is required to maintain Rim21p levels; has similarity to A. nidulans PalI;
yel024w YEL024W RIP1 Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase; a Rieske iron-sulfur protein of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex; transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c1 during respiration; during import, Rip1p is first imported into the mitochondrial matrix where it is processed, acquires its Fe-S cluster, and is folded, then is translocated into the inner membrane by the action of a homo-oligomer of Bcs1p, and finally is delivered by Bcs1p to Complex III for assembly
ymr283c YMR283C RIT1 2'-O-ribosyl phosphate transferase; modifies the initiator methionine tRNA at position 64 to distinguish it from elongator methionine tRNA
ypl208w YPL208W RKM1 SET-domain lysine-N-methyltransferase; catalyzes the formation of dimethyllysine residues on the large ribsomal subunit proteins L23a (Rpl23Ap and Rpl23Bp) and L18 (Rps18Ap and Rps18Bp)
ydr198c YDR198C RKM2 Ribosomal protein lysine methyltransferase; responsible for trimethylation of the lysine residue at position 3 of Rpl12Ap and Rpl12Bp
ybr030w YBR030W RKM3 Ribosomal lysine methyltransferase; specific for monomethylation of Rpl42ap and Rpl42bp (lysine 40); nuclear SET domain containing protein; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ydr257c YDR257C RKM4 Ribosomal lysine methyltransferase; specific for monomethylation of Rpl42ap and Rpl42bp (lysine 55); nuclear SET-domain containing protein
ylr137w YLR137W RKM5 Protein lysine methyltransferase; monomethylates Lys-46 of the ribosomal large subunit Rpl1a/Rpl1b; member of the seven beta-strand methyltransferase superfamily; orthologs only found among fungal species
ymr247c YMR247C RKR1 RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligase; involved in ubiquitin-mediated degradation of non-stop proteins; component of ribosome-bound RQC (ribosome quality control) complex required for degradation of polypeptides arising from stalled translation; degrades products of mRNAs lacking a termination codon regardless of a poly(A) tail; functional connections to chromatin modification; homolog of mouse Listerin, mutations in which reported to cause neurodegeneration
ypr018w YPR018W RLF2 Largest subunit (p90) of the Chromatin Assembly Complex (CAF-1); chromatin assembly by CAF-1 is important for multiple processes including silencing at telomeres, mating type loci, and rDNA; maintenance of kinetochore structure; deactivation of the DNA damage checkpoint after DNA repair; and chromatin dynamics during transcription
ypl089c YPL089C RLM1 MADS-box transcription factor; component of the protein kinase C-mediated MAP kinase pathway involved in the maintenance of cell integrity; phosphorylated and activated by the MAP-kinase Slt2p; RLM1 has a paralog, SMP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl132c YKL132C RMA1 Putative dihydrofolate synthetase; similar to E. coli folylpolyglutamate synthetase/dihydrofolate synthetase; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; RMA1 has a paralog, FOL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl001w YDL001W RMD1 Cytoplasmic protein required for sporulation
ydr255c YDR255C RMD5 Component of GID Complex that confers ubiquitin ligase (U3) activity; necessary for polyubiquitination and degradation of the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; forms dimer with Fyv10p that is then recruited to GID Complex by Gid8p; also required for sporulation; conserved protein that has a degenerate RING finger domain
yel072w YEL072W RMD6 Protein required for sporulation
yfr048w YFR048W RMD8 Cytosolic protein required for sporulation
ygl107c YGL107C RMD9 Mitochondrial protein required for respiratory growth; mutant phenotype and genetic interactions suggest a role in delivering mt mRNAs to ribosomes; located on matrix face of the inner membrane and loosely associated with mitoribosomes; RMD9 has a paralog, YBR238C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr044c YGR044C RME1 Zinc finger protein involved in control of meiosis; prevents meiosis by repressing IME1 expression and promotes mitosis by activating CLN2 expression; directly repressed by a1-alpha2 regulator; mediates cell type control of sporulation; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ypl024w YPL024W RMI1 Subunit of the RecQ (Sgs1p) - Topo III (Top3p) complex; stimulates superhelical relaxing, DNA catenation/decatenation and ssDNA binding activities of Top3p; involved in response to DNA damage; functions in S phase-mediated cohesion establishment via a pathway involving the Ctf18-RFC complex and Mrc1p; stimulates Top3p DNA catenation/decatenation activity; null mutants display increased rates of recombination and delayed S phase
yel050c YEL050C RML2 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit (L2); has similarity to E. coli L2 ribosomal protein; mutant allele (fat21) causes inability to utilize oleate, and induce oleic acid oxidation; may interfere with activity of the Adr1p transcription factor
ygl250w YGL250W RMR1 Protein required for meiotic recombination and gene conversion; null mutant displays reduced PIS1 expression and growth defects on non-fermentable carbon sources and minimal media; GFP-fusion protein localizes to both cytoplasm and nucleus
ydr465c YDR465C RMT2 Arginine N5 methyltransferase; methylates ribosomal protein Rpl12 (L12) on Arg67; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ymr234w YMR234W RNH1 Ribonuclease H1; able to bind double-stranded RNAs and RNA-DNA hybrids; associates with RNAse polymerase I; the homolog of mammalian RNAse HII (the S. cerevisiae homolog of mammalian RNAse HI is RNH201)
ynl072w YNL072W RNH201 Ribonuclease H2 catalytic subunit; removes RNA primers during Okazaki fragment synthesis and errant ribonucleotides misincorporated during DNA replication; role in ribonucleotide excision repair; homolog of RNAse HI; related to human AGS4 which causes Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome
ydr279w YDR279W RNH202 Ribonuclease H2 subunit; required for RNase H2 activity; role in ribonucleotide excision repair; related to human AGS2 that causes Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome
ylr154c YLR154C RNH203 Ribonuclease H2 subunit; required for RNase H2 activity; role in ribonucleotide excision repair; related to human AGS3 that causes Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome
ygr276c YGR276C RNH70 3'-5' exoribonuclease; required for maturation of 3' ends of 5S rRNA and tRNA-Arg3 from dicistronic transcripts
yll046c YLL046C RNP1 Ribonucleoprotein that contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRM); RNP1 has a paralog, SBP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycl028w YCL028W RNQ1 [PIN(+)] prion; an infectious protein conformation that is generally an ordered protein aggregate
yer070w YER070W RNR1 Major isoform of large subunit of ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase; the RNR complex catalyzes rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis, regulated by DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways via localization of small subunits; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; RNR1 has a paralog, RNR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil066c YIL066C RNR3 Minor isoform of large subunit of ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase; the RNR complex catalyzes rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis, regulated by DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways via localization of small subunits; RNR3 has a paralog, RNR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr180c YGR180C RNR4 Ribonucleotide-diphosphate reductase (RNR) small subunit; the RNR complex catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis and is regulated by DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoint pathways via localization of the small subunits; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; RNR4 has a paralog, RNR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl123c YPL123C RNY1 Vacuolar RNase of the T(2) family; relocalizes to the cytosol where it cleaves tRNAs upon oxidative or stationary phase stress; promotes apoptosis under stress conditions and this function is independent of its catalytic activity
yor018w YOR018W ROD1 Membrane protein, binds the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p via its 2 PY motifs; overexpression confers resistance to the GST substrate o-dinitrobenzene, zinc, and calcium; proposed to regulate the endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; ROD1 has a paralog, ROG3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl144c YGL144C ROG1 Protein with putative serine active lipase domain; ROG1 has a paralog, YDL109C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr022w YFR022W ROG3 Protein that binds the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p via its 2 PY motifs; mutation suppresses the temperature sensitivity of an mck1 rim11 double mutant; proposed to regulate the endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins; ROG3 has a paralog, ROD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr070w YGR070W ROM1 GDP/GTP exchange protein (GEP) for Rho1p; mutations are synthetically lethal with mutations in rom2, which also encodes a GEP; ROM1 has a paralog, ROM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr371w YLR371W ROM2 GDP/GTP exchange factor (GEF) for Rho1p and Rho2p; mutations are synthetically lethal with mutations in rom1, which also encodes a GEF; Rom2p localization to the bud surface is dependent on Ack1p; ROM2 has a paralog, ROM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr229c YBR229C ROT2 Glucosidase II catalytic subunit; required for normal cell wall synthesis; mutations in rot2 suppress tor2 mutations, and are synthetically lethal with rot1 mutations
ypr065w YPR065W ROX1 Heme-dependent repressor of hypoxic genes; mediates aerobic transcriptional repression of hypoxia induced genes such as COX5b and CYC7; repressor function regulated through decreased promoter occupancy in response to oxidative stress; contains an HMG domain that is responsible for DNA bending activity; involved in the hyperosmotic stress resistance
ybl093c YBL093C ROX3 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme
ymr258c YMR258C ROY1 GTPase inhibitor with similarity to F-box proteins; inhibits Ypt52p GTPase activity by preventing Ypt52p from binding GTP; involved in regulating intracellular trafficking; physically interacts with Skp1p
yjr063w YJR063W RPA12 RNA polymerase I subunit A12.2; contains two zinc binding domains, and the N terminal domain is responsible for anchoring to the RNA pol I complex
ydr156w YDR156W RPA14 RNA polymerase I subunit A14
yjl148w YJL148W RPA34 RNA polymerase I subunit A34.5; essential for nucleolar assembly and for high polymerase loading rate; nucleolar localization depends on Rpa49p
ynl248c YNL248C RPA49 RNA polymerase I subunit A49; essential for nucleolar assembly and for high polymerase loading rate; required for nucleolar localization of Rpa34p
yjl140w YJL140W RPB4 RNA polymerase II subunit B32; forms two subunit dissociable complex with Rpb7p; the Rpb4p/Rpb7p subcomplex regulates cellular lifespan via an mRNA decay process; involved in recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to transcribing RNA polymerase II complex and in export of mRNA to cytoplasm under stress conditions; also involved in translation initiation
ygl070c YGL070C RPB9 RNA polymerase II subunit B12.6; contacts DNA; mutations affect transcription start site selection and fidelity of transcription
ynl330c YNL330C RPD3 Histone deacetylase, component of both the Rpd3S and Rpd3L complexes; regulates transcription, silencing, autophagy and other processes by influencing chromatin remodeling; forms at least two different complexes which have distinct functions and members; Rpd3(L) recruitment to the subtelomeric region is regulated by interaction with the arginine methyltransferase, Hmt1p
yjl121c YJL121C RPE1 D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase; catalyzes a reaction in the non-oxidative part of the pentose-phosphate pathway; mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress
yer169w YER169W RPH1 JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase; specifically demethylates H3K36 tri- and dimethyl modification states; associates with actively transcribed (RNAP II) regions in vivo and specifically targets H3K36 in its trimethylation state as its substrate; transcriptional repressor of PHR1; Rph1p phosphorylation during DNA damage is under control of the MEC1-RAD53 pathway; target of stess-induced hormesis; RPH1 has a paralog, GIS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil119c YIL119C RPI1 Transcription factor, allelic differences between S288C and Sigma1278b; mediates fermentation stress tolerance by modulating cell wall integrity; overexpression suppresses heat shock sensitivity of wild-type RAS2 overexpression and also suppresses cell lysis defect of mpk1 mutation; allele from S288c can confer fMAPK pathway independent transcription of FLO11; S288C and Sigma1278b alleles differ in number of tandem repeats within ORF
ygr085c YGR085C RPL11B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L11B; expressed at half the level of Rpl11Ap; involved in ribosomal assembly; depletion causes degradation of 60S proteins and RNA; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L11 and bacterial L5; RPL11B has a paralog, RPL11A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel054c YEL054C RPL12A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L12A; rpl12a rpl12b double mutant exhibits slow growth and slow translation; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L12 and bacterial L11; RPL12A has a paralog, RPL12B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr418w YDR418W RPL12B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L12B; rpl12a rpl12b double mutant exhibits slow growth and slow translation; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L12 and bacterial L11; RPL12B has a paralog, RPL12A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl082w YDL082W RPL13A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L13A; not essential for viability; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L13, no bacterial homolog; RPL13A has a paralog, RPL13B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr142c YMR142C RPL13B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L13B; not essential for viability; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L13, no bacterial homolog; RPL13B has a paralog, RPL13A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl006w YKL006W RPL14A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L14A; N-terminally acetylated; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L14, no bacterial homolog; RPL14A has a paralog, RPL14B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr121c YMR121C RPL15B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L15B; binds to 5.8 S rRNA; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L15, no bacterial homolog; RPL15B has a paralog, RPL15A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relocalizes from nucleus to nucleolus upon DNA replication stress
yil133c YIL133C RPL16A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L16A; N-terminally acetylated, binds 5.8 S rRNA; transcriptionally regulated by Rap1p; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L13A and bacterial L13; RPL16A has a paralog, RPL16B, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ynl069c YNL069C RPL16B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L16B; N-terminally acetylated, binds 5.8 S rRNA; transcriptionally regulated by Rap1p; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L13A and bacterial L13; RPL16B has a paralog, RPL16A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl177w YJL177W RPL17B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L17B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L17 and bacterial L22; RPL17B has a paralog, RPL17A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl301c YNL301C RPL18B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L18B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L18, no bacterial homolog; RPL18B has a paralog, RPL18A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr084c-a YBR084C-A RPL19A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L19A; rpl19a and rpl19b single null mutations result in slow growth, while the double null mutation is lethal; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L19, no bacterial homolog; RPL19A has a paralog, RPL19B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl027w YBL027W RPL19B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L19B; rpl19a and rpl19b single null mutations result in slow growth, while the double null mutation is lethal; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L19, no bacterial homolog; RPL19B has a paralog, RPL19A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl220w YPL220W RPL1A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L1A; N-terminally acetylated; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L10A and bacterial L1; RPL1A has a paralog, RPL1B, that arose from the whole genome duplication; rpl1a rpl1b double null mutation is lethal
ygl135w YGL135W RPL1B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L1B; N-terminally acetylated; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L10A and bacterial L1; RPL1B has a paralog, RPL1A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; rpl1a rpl1b double null mutation is lethal
ymr242c YMR242C RPL20A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L20A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L18A, no bacterial homolog; RPL20A has a paralog, RPL20B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor312c YOR312C RPL20B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L20B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L18A, no bacterial homolog; RPL20B has a paralog, RPL20A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr191w YBR191W RPL21A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L21A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L21, no bacterial homolog; RPL21A has a paralog, RPL21B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl079w YPL079W RPL21B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L21B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L21, no bacterial homolog; RPL21B has a paralog, RPL21A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr061w YLR061W RPL22A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L22A; required for the oxidative stress response in yeast; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L22, no bacterial homolog; RPL22A has a paralog, RPL22B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl087c YBL087C RPL23A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L23A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L23 and bacterial L14; RPL23A has a paralog, RPL23B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer117w YER117W RPL23B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L23B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L23 and bacterial L14; RPL23B has a paralog, RPL23A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl031c YGL031C RPL24A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L24A; not essential for translation but may be required for normal translation rate; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L24, no bacterial homolog; RPL24A has a paralog, RPL24B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr148c YGR148C RPL24B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L24B; not essential for translation but may be required for normal translation rate; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L24, no bacterial homolog; RPL24B has a paralog, RPL24A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr344w YLR344W RPL26A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L26A; binds to 5.8S rRNA; non-essential even when paralog is also deleted; deletion has minimal affections on ribosome biosynthesis; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L26 and bacterial L24; RPL26A has a paralog, RPL26B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr034w YGR034W RPL26B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L26B; binds to 5.8S rRNA; non-essential even when paralog is also deleted; deletion has minimal affections on ribosome biosynthesis; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L26 and bacterial L24; RPL26B has a paralog, RPL26A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr010w YHR010W RPL27A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L27A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L27, no bacterial homolog; RPL27A has a paralog, RPL27B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr471w YDR471W RPL27B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L27B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L27, no bacterial homolog; RPL27B has a paralog, RPL27A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr032c-a YFR032C-A RPL29 Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L29; not essential for translation, but required for proper joining of large and small ribosomal subunits and for normal translation rate; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L29, no bacterial homolog
yfr031c-a YFR031C-A RPL2A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L2A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L2 and bacterial L2; RPL2A has a paralog, RPL2B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil018w YIL018W RPL2B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L2B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L2 and bacterial L2; RPL2B has a paralog, RPL2A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; expression is upregulated at low temperatures
ydl075w YDL075W RPL31A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L31A; associates with karyopherin Sxm1p; loss of both Rpl31p and Rpl39p confers lethality; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L31, no bacterial homolog; RPL31A has a paralog, RPL31B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr406c YLR406C RPL31B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L31B; associates with karyopherin Sxm1p; loss of both Rpl31p and Rpl39p confers lethality; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L31, no bacterial homolog; RPL31B has a paralog, RPL31A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor234c YOR234C RPL33B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L33B; rpl33b null mutant exhibits normal growth while rpl33a rpl33b double null mutant is inviable; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L35A, no bacterial homolog; RPL33B has a paralog, RPL33A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer056c-a YER056C-A RPL34A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L34A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L34, no bacterial homolog; RPL34A has a paralog, RPL34B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil052c YIL052C RPL34B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L34B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L34, no bacterial homolog; RPL34B has a paralog, RPL34A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl191w YDL191W RPL35A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L35A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L35 and bacterial L29; RPL35A has a paralog, RPL35B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl136w YDL136W RPL35B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L35B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L35 and bacterial L29; RPL35B has a paralog, RPL35A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr194w YMR194W RPL36A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L36A; N-terminally acetylated; binds to 5.8 S rRNA; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L36, no bacterial homolog; RPL36A has a paralog, RPL36B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr185w YLR185W RPL37A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L37A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L37, no bacterial homolog; RPL37A has a paralog, RPL37B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr500c YDR500C RPL37B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L37B; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L37, no bacterial homolog; RPL37B has a paralog, RPL37A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr325c YLR325C RPL38 Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L38; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L38, no bacterial homolog
yjl189w YJL189W RPL39 Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L39; required for ribosome biogenesis; loss of both Rpl31p and Rpl39p confers lethality; also exhibits genetic interactions with SIS1 and PAB1; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L39, no bacterial homolog
yil148w YIL148W RPL40A Ubiquitin-ribosomal 60S subunit protein L40A fusion protein; cleaved to yield ubiquitin and ribosomal protein L40A; ubiquitin may facilitate assembly of the ribosomal protein into ribosomes; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L40, no bacterial homolog; RPL40A has a paralog, RPL40B, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ykr094c YKR094C RPL40B Ubiquitin-ribosomal 60S subunit protein L40B fusion protein; cleaved to yield ubiquitin and ribosomal protein L40B; ubiquitin may facilitate assembly of the ribosomal protein into ribosomes; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L40, no bacterial homolog; RPL40B has a paralog, RPL40A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl184c YDL184C RPL41A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L41A; comprises only 25 amino acids; rpl41a rpl41b double null mutant is viable; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L41, no bacterial homolog; RPL41A has a paralog, RPL41B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl134c-a YDL133C-A RPL41B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L41B; comprises only 25 amino acids; rpl41a rpl41b double null mutant is viable; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L41, no bacterial homolog; RPL41B has a paralog, RPL41A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl133c-a YDL133C-A RPL41B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L41B; comprises only 25 amino acids; rpl41a rpl41b double null mutant is viable; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L41, no bacterial homolog; RPL41B has a paralog, RPL41A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl162w YNL162W RPL42A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L42A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L36A, no bacterial homolog; RPL42A has a paralog, RPL42B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr043w YPR043W RPL43A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L43A; null mutation confers a dominant lethal phenotype; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L37A, no bacterial homolog; RPL43A has a paralog, RPL43B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr094w-a YJR094W-A RPL43B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L43B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L37A, no bacterial homolog; RPL43B has a paralog, RPL43A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr031w YBR031W RPL4A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L4A; N-terminally acetylated; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L4 and bacterial L4; RPL4A has a paralog, RPL4B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml073c YML073C RPL6A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L6A; N-terminally acetylated; binds 5.8S rRNA; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L6, no bacterial homolog; RPL6A has a paralog, RPL6B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr448w YLR448W RPL6B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L6B; binds 5.8S rRNA; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L6, no bacterial homolog; RPL6B has a paralog, RPL6A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl076c YGL076C RPL7A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L7A; required for processing of 27SA3 pre-rRNA to 27SB pre-rRNA during assembly of large ribosomal subunit; depletion leads to a turnover of pre-rRNA; contains a conserved C-terminal Nucleic acid Binding Domain (NDB2); binds to Domain II of 25S and 5.8S rRNAs; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L7 and bacterial L30; RPL7A has a paralog, RPL7B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl198w YPL198W RPL7B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L7B; required for processing of 27SA3 pre-rRNA to 27SB pre-rRNA during assembly of large ribosomal subunit; depletion leads to a turnover of pre-rRNA; contains a conserved C-terminal Nucleic acid Binding Domain (NDB2); binds to Domain II of 25S and 5.8S rRNAs; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L7 and bacterial L30; RPL7B has a paralog, RPL7A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl033c YHL033C RPL8A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L8A; required for processing of 27SA3 pre-rRNA to 27SB pre-rRNA during assembly of large ribosomal subunit; depletion leads to a turnover of pre-rRNA; L8 binds to Domain I of 25S and 5.8 S rRNAs; mutation results in decreased amounts of free 60S subunits; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L7A, no bacterial homolog; RPL8A has a paralog, RPL8B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll045c YLL045C RPL8B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L8B; required for processing of 27SA3 pre-rRNA to 27SB pre-rRNA during assembly of large ribosomal subunit; depletion leads to a turnover of pre-rRNA; L8 binds to Domain I of 25S and 5.8 S rRNAs; mutation results in decreased amounts of free 60S subunits; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L7A, no bacterial homolog; RPL8B has a paralog, RPL8A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl147c YGL147C RPL9A Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L9A; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L9 and bacterial L6; RPL9A has a paralog, RPL9B, that arose from a single-locus duplication
ynl067w YNL067W RPL9B Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L9B; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein L9 and bacterial L6; RPL9B has a paralog, RPL9A, that arose from a single-locus duplication
yhr200w YHR200W RPN10 Non-ATPase base subunit of the 19S RP of the 26S proteasome; N-terminus plays a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the regulatory particle (RP); binds selectively to polyubiquitin chains; homolog of the mammalian S5a protein
ylr421c YLR421C RPN13 Subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome lid; acts as a ubiquitin receptor for the proteasome; null mutants accumulate ubiquitinated Gcn4p and display decreased 26S proteasome stability; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygl004c YGL004C RPN14 Assembly chaperone for the 19S proteasome regulatory particle base; proteasome-interacting protein involved in the assembly of the base subcomplex of the 19S proteasome regulatory particle (RP); null mutants accumulate ubiquitinated Gcn4p and display decreased 26S proteasome stability; interacts with Rpt5p
ydl020c YDL020C RPN4 Transcription factor that stimulates expression of proteasome genes; Rpn4p levels are in turn regulated by the 26S proteasome in a negative feedback control mechanism; RPN4 is transcriptionally regulated by various stress responses; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yfl036w YFL036W RPO41 Mitochondrial RNA polymerase; single subunit enzyme similar to those of T3 and T7 bacteriophages; requires a specificity subunit encoded by MTF1 for promoter recognition; Mtf1p interacts with and stabilizes the Rpo41p-promoter complex, enhancing DNA bending and melting to facilitate pre-initiation open complex formation
ydl081c YDL081C RPP1A Ribosomal stalk protein P1 alpha; involved in the interaction between translational elongation factors and the ribosome; free (non-ribosomal) P1 stimulates the phosphorylation of the eIF2 alpha subunit (Sui2p) by Gcn2p; accumulation of P1 in the cytoplasm is regulated by phosphorylation and interaction with the P2 stalk component
ydl130w YDL130W RPP1B Ribosomal protein P1 beta; component of the ribosomal stalk, which is involved in interaction of translational elongation factors with ribosome; free (non-ribosomal) P1 stimulates the phosphorylation of the eIF2 alpha subunit (Sui2p) by Gcn2p; accumulation is regulated by phosphorylation and interaction with the P2 stalk component
yol039w YOL039W RPP2A Ribosomal protein P2 alpha; a component of the ribosomal stalk, which is involved in the interaction between translational elongation factors and the ribosome; free (non-ribosomal) P2 stimulates the phosphorylation of the eIF2 alpha subunit (Sui2p) by Gcn2p; regulates the accumulation of P1 (Rpp1Ap and Rpp1Bp) in the cytoplasm
ydr382w YDR382W RPP2B Ribosomal protein P2 beta; a component of the ribosomal stalk, which is involved in the interaction between translational elongation factors and the ribosome; free (non-ribosomal) P2 stimulates the phosphorylation of the eIF2 alpha subunit (Sui2p) by Gcn2p; regulates the accumulation of P1 (Rpp1Ap and Rpp1Bp) in the cytoplasm
ygr214w YGR214W RPS0A Ribosomal 40S subunit protein S0A; required for maturation of 18S rRNA along with Rps0Bp; deletion of either RPS0 gene reduces growth rate, deletion of both genes is lethal; homologous to human ribosomal protein SA and bacterial S2; RPS0A has a paralog, RPS0B, that arose from the whole genome duplication;
ylr048w YLR048W RPS0B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; RPS0B has a paralog, RPS0A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; required for maturation of 18S rRNA along with Rps0Ap; deletion of either RPS0 gene reduces growth rate, deletion of both genes is lethal; homologous to human ribosomal protein SA and bacterial S2
yor293w YOR293W RPS10A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S10, no bacterial homolog; RPS10A has a paralog, RPS10B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr230w YMR230W RPS10B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S10, no bacterial homolog; RPS10B has a paralog, RPS10A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr025w YDR025W RPS11A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S11 and bacterial S17; RPS11A has a paralog, RPS11B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr048w YBR048W RPS11B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S11 and bacterial S17; RPS11B has a paralog, RPS11A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor369c YOR369C RPS12 Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S12, no bacterial homolog
ycr031c YCR031C RPS14A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; required for ribosome assembly and 20S pre-rRNA processing; mutations confer cryptopleurine resistance; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S14 and bacterial S11; RPS14A has a paralog, RPS14B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl191w YJL191W RPS14B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; required for ribosome assembly and 20S pre-rRNA processing; mutations confer cryptopleurine resistance; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S14 and bacterial S11; RPS14B has a paralog, RPS14A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr143w YMR143W RPS16A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S16 and bacterial S9; RPS16A has a paralog, RPS16B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl083c YDL083C RPS16B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S16 and bacterial S9; RPS16B has a paralog, RPS16A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml024w YML024W RPS17A Ribosomal protein 51 (rp51) of the small (40s) subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S17, no bacterial homolog; RPS17A has a paralog, RPS17B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr447c YDR447C RPS17B Ribosomal protein 51 (rp51) of the small (40s) subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S17, no bacterial homolog; RPS17B has a paralog, RPS17A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr450w YDR450W RPS18A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S18 and bacterial S13; RPS18A has a paralog, RPS18B, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from cytoplasm to nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
yml026c YML026C RPS18B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S18 and bacterial S13; RPS18B has a paralog, RPS18A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yol121c YOL121C RPS19A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; required for assembly and maturation of pre-40 S particles; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S19, no bacterial homolog; mutations in human RPS19 are associated with Diamond Blackfan anemia; RPS19A has a paralog, RPS19B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl302c YNL302C RPS19B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; required for assembly and maturation of pre-40 S particles; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S19, no bacterial homolog; mutations in human RPS19 are associated with Diamond Blackfan anemia; RPS19B has a paralog, RPS19A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr441c YLR441C RPS1A Ribosomal protein 10 (rp10) of the small (40S) subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S3A, no bacterial homolog; RPS1A has a paralog, RPS1B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml063w YML063W RPS1B Ribosomal protein 10 (rp10) of the small (40S) subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S3A, no bacterial homolog; RPS1B has a paralog, RPS1A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr057w YKR057W RPS21A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S21, no bacterial homolog; RPS21A has a paralog, RPS21B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl136c YJL136C RPS21B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S21, no bacterial homolog; RPS21B has a paralog, RPS21A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl190c YJL190C RPS22A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S15A and bacterial S8; RPS22A has a paralog, RPS22B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr367w YLR367W RPS22B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S15A and bacterial S8; RPS22B has a paralog, RPS22A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr118w YGR118W RPS23A Ribosomal protein 28 (rp28) of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; required for translational accuracy; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S23 and bacterial S12; RPS23A has a paralog, RPS23B, that arose from the whole genome duplication; deletion of both RPS23A and RPS23B is lethal
ypr132w YPR132W RPS23B Ribosomal protein 28 (rp28) of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; required for translational accuracy; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S23 and bacterial S12; RPS23B has a paralog, RPS23A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; deletion of both RPS23A and RPS23B is lethal
yer074w YER074W RPS24A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S24, no bacterial homolog; RPS24A has a paralog, RPS24B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil069c YIL069C RPS24B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S24, no bacterial homolog; RPS24B has a paralog, RPS24A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr027c YGR027C RPS25A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S25, no bacterial homolog; RPS25A has a paralog, RPS25B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr333c YLR333C RPS25B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S25, no bacterial homolog; RPS25B has a paralog, RPS25A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer131w YER131W RPS26B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S26, no bacterial homolog; RPS26B has a paralog, RPS26A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl156w YKL156W RPS27A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S27, no bacterial homolog; RPS27A has a paralog, RPS27B, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yhr021c YHR021C RPS27B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S27, no bacterial homolog; RPS27B has a paralog, RPS27A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor167c YOR167C RPS28A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S28, no bacterial homolog; RPS28A has a paralog, RPS28B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr264w YLR264W RPS28B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S28, no bacterial homolog; RPS28B has a paralog, RPS28A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr388w YLR388W RPS29A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S29 and bacterial S14; RPS29A has a paralog, RPS29B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl061c YDL061C RPS29B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S29 and bacterial S14; RPS29B has a paralog, RPS29A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr287c-a YLR287C-A RPS30A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S30, no bacterial homolog; RPS30A has a paralog, RPS30B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor182c YOR182C RPS30B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S30, no bacterial homolog; RPS30B has a paralog, RPS30A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yjr145c YJR145C RPS4A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; mutation affects 20S pre-rRNA processing; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S4, no bacterial homolog; RPS4A has a paralog, RPS4B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr203c YHR203C RPS4B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S4, no bacterial homolog; RPS4B has a paralog, RPS4A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl090c YPL090C RPS6A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S6, no bacterial homolog; RPS6A has a paralog, RPS6B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr181c YBR181C RPS6B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S6, no bacterial homolog; RPS6B has a paralog, RPS6A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor096w YOR096W RPS7A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; interacts with Kti11p; deletion causes hypersensitivity to zymocin; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S7, no bacterial homolog; RPS7A has a paralog, RPS7B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl096c YNL096C RPS7B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; interacts with Kti11p; deletion causes hypersensitivity to zymocin; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S7, no bacterial homolog; RPS7B has a paralog, RPS7A, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybl072c YBL072C RPS8A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S8, no bacterial homolog; RPS8A has a paralog, RPS8B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl081w YPL081W RPS9A Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S9 and bacterial S4; RPS9A has a paralog, RPS9B, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr189w YBR189W RPS9B Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit; homologous to mammalian ribosomal protein S9 and bacterial S4; RPS9B has a paralog, RPS9A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr333c YDR333C RQC1 Component of the ribosome quality control complex (RQC); RQC (Rqc1p-Rkr1p-Tae2p-Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p) is a ribosome-bound complex required for the degradation of polypeptides arising from stalled translation; required along with Rkr1p for recruitment of the Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex to the RQC
yil153w YIL153W RRD1 Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase; activator of the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity of PP2A; involved in G1 phase progression, microtubule dynamics, bud morphogenesis and DNA repair; required for rapid reduction of Sgs1p levels in response to rapamycin; subunit of the Tap42p-Sit4p-Rrd1p complex; protein increases in abundance and relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ypl152w YPL152W RRD2 Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase; also activates the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); regulates G1 phase progression, the osmoresponse, microtubule dynamics; subunit of the Tap42p-Pph21p-Rrd2p complex; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yhr038w YHR038W RRF1 Mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor; essential for mitochondrial protein synthesis and for the maintenance of the respiratory function of mitochondria
ydr065w YDR065W RRG1 Protein of unknown function; required for vacuolar acidification and mitochondrial genome maintenance; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yor305w YOR305W RRG7 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the mitochondrion; deletion confers sensitivity to 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsenoxide (GSAO); YOR305W is not an essential gene
ypr116w YPR116W RRG8 Putative protein of unknown function; required for mitochondrial genome maintenance; null mutation results in a decrease in plasma membrane electron transport
ynl213c YNL213C RRG9 Protein of unknown function; null mutant lacks mitochondrial DNA and cannot grow on glycerol; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ydl216c YDL216C RRI1 Catalytic subunit of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex; acts as an isopeptidase in cleaving the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from SCF ubiquitin ligases; metalloendopeptidase involved in the adaptation to pheromone signaling
yol117w YOL117W RRI2 Subunit of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex; this complex cleaves the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from SCF ubiquitin ligases; plays a role in the mating pheromone response
yhr031c YHR031C RRM3 DNA helicase involved in rDNA replication and Ty1 transposition; relieves replication fork pauses at telomeric regions; structurally and functionally related to Pif1p
ybl025w YBL025W RRN10 Protein involved in promoting high level transcription of rDNA; subunit of UAF (upstream activation factor) for RNA polymerase I
yor001w YOR001W RRP6 Nuclear exosome exonuclease component; has 3'-5' exonuclease activity; involved in RNA processing, maturation, surveillance, degradation, tethering, and export; role in sn/snoRNAs precursor degradation; binds nuclear exosome-associated nucleic acid binding protein Lrp1p in the nucleus and protects it from proteolysis; has similarity to E. coli RNase D and to human PM-Sc1 100 (EXOSC10); mutant displays reduced transcription elongation in the G-less-based run-on (GLRO)
ydr083w YDR083W RRP8 Nucleolar S-adenosylmethionine-dependent rRNA methyltransferase; methylates adenine (m1A) of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA at position 645; involved in pre-rRNA cleavage at site A2; mutation is synthetically lethal with a gar1 mutation; deletion disrupts telomere maintenance by influencing the expression of neighboring gene STN1
ybl048w YBL048W RRT1 Protein of unknown function; identified in a screen for mutants with increased levels of rDNA transcription; dubious open reading frame unlikely to encode a protein, based on experimental and comparative sequence data
ycr045c YCR045C RRT12 Probable subtilisin-family protease; role in formation of the dityrosine layer of spore walls; localizes to the spore wall and also the nuclear envelope and ER region in mature spores
yer066w YER066W RRT13 Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene identified in a screen for mutants with decreased levels of rDNA transcription
ynl105w YNL105W RRT16 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene INP52; identified in a screen for mutants with decreased levels of rDNA transcription
ybr246w YBR246W RRT2 Protein required for last step of diphthamide biosynthesis; deletion leads to resistance to sordarin and accumulation of diphthine; WD40 domain-containing protein involved in endosomal recycling; forms a complex with Rtt10p that functions in the retromer-mediated pathway for recycling internalized cell-surface proteins; non-essential gene identified in a screen for mutants with increased levels of rDNA transcription
yfr032c YFR032C RRT5 Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene identified in a screen for mutants with increased levels of rDNA transcription; expressed at high levels during sporulation
ygl146c YGL146C RRT6 Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene identified in a screen for mutants with increased levels of rDNA transcription; contains two putative transmembrane spans, but no significant homology to other known proteins
yll030c YLL030C RRT7 Protein of unknown function; identified in a screen for mutants with increased levels of rDNA transcription; dubious open reading frame unlikely to encode a protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yol048c YOL048C RRT8 Protein involved in spore wall assembly; shares similarity with Lds1p and Lds2p and a strain mutant for all 3 genes exhibits reduced dityrosine fluorescence relative to the single mutants; identified in a screen for mutants with increased levels of rDNA transcription; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to lipid particles; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypl193w YPL193W RSA1 Protein involved in the assembly of 60S ribosomal subunits; functionally interacts with Dbp6p; functions in a late nucleoplasmic step of the assembly
ylr221c YLR221C RSA3 Protein with a likely role in ribosomal maturation; required for accumulation of wild-type levels of large (60S) ribosomal subunits; binds to the helicase Dbp6p in pre-60S ribosomal particles in the nucleolus
yor049c YOR049C RSB1 Suppressor of sphingoid LCB sensitivity of an LCB-lyase mutation; putative integral membrane transporter or flippase that may transport long chain bases (LCBs) from the cytoplasmic side toward the extracytoplasmic side of the membrane
ygr056w YGR056W RSC1 Component of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex; required for expression of mid-late sporulation-specific genes; contains two essential bromodomains, a bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) domain, and an AT hook; RSC1 has a paralog, RSC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr357w YLR357W RSC2 Component of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex; required for expression of mid-late sporulation-specific genes; involved in telomere maintenance; RSC2 has a paralog, RSC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr030w YMR030W RSF1 Protein required for respiratory growth; localized to both the nucleus and mitochondrion; may interact with transcription factors to mediate the transition to respiratory growth and activate transcription of nuclear and mitochondrial genes
yjr127c YJR127C RSF2 Zinc-finger protein; involved in transcriptional control of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes, many of which specify products required for glycerol-based growth, respiration, and other functions; RSF2 has a paralog, TDA9, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
yer050c YER050C RSM18 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; has similarity to E. coli S18 ribosomal protein
ynr037c YNR037C RSM19 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; has similarity to E. coli S19 ribosomal protein
ykl155c YKL155C RSM22 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; also predicted to be an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase
ygl129c YGL129C RSM23 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; has similarity to mammalian apoptosis mediator proteins; null mutation prevents induction of apoptosis by overproduction of metacaspase Mca1p
ydr175c YDR175C RSM24 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
yil093c YIL093C RSM25 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
ygr215w YGR215W RSM27 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit
ydr494w YDR494W RSM28 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; genetic interactions suggest a possible role in promoting translation initiation
yjr113c YJR113C RSM7 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; has similarity to E. coli S7 ribosomal protein
ymr266w YMR266W RSN1 Membrane protein of unknown function; overexpression suppresses NaCl sensitivity of sro7 mutant cells by restoring sodium pump (Ena1p) localization to the plasma membrane
ygr152c YGR152C RSR1 GTP-binding protein of the Ras superfamily; required for bud site selection, morphological changes in response to mating pheromone, and efficient cell fusion; localized to the plasma membrane; significantly similar to mammalian Rap GTPases
ygr213c YGR213C RTA1 Protein involved in 7-aminocholesterol resistance; has seven potential membrane-spanning regions; expression is induced under both low-heme and low-oxygen conditions; member of the fungal lipid-translocating exporter (LTE) family of protein; RTA1 has a paralog, YLR046C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol138c YOL138C RTC1 Subunit of the SEA (Seh1-associated) complex; SEA is a coatomer-related complex that associates dynamically with the vacuole; null mutation suppresses cdc13-1 temperature sensitivity; has N-terminal WD-40 repeats and a C-terminal RING motif
ybr147w YBR147W RTC2 Putative vacuolar membrane transporter for cationic amino acids; likely contributes to amino acid homeostasis by exporting cationic amino acids from the vacuole; positive regulation by Lys14p suggests that lysine may be the primary substrate; member of the PQ-loop family, with seven transmembrane domains; similar to mammalian PQLC2 vacuolar transporter; RTC2 has a paralog, YPQ1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr087w YHR087W RTC3 Protein of unknown function involved in RNA metabolism; has structural similarity to SBDS, the human protein mutated in Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (the yeast SBDS ortholog = SDO1); null mutation suppresses cdc13-1 temperature sensitivity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ynl254c YNL254C RTC4 Protein of unknown function; null mutation suppresses cdc13-1 temperature sensitivity; (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
yor118w YOR118W RTC5 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; null mutation suppresses cdc13-1 temperature sensitivity
ypl183w-a YPL183W-A RTC6 Protein involved in translation; mutants have defects in biogenesis of nuclear ribosomes; sequence similar to prokaryotic ribosomal protein L36, may be a mitochondrial ribosomal protein; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygl244w YGL244W RTF1 Subunit of RNAPII-associated chromatin remodeling Paf1 complex; regulates gene expression by directing cotranscriptional histone modification, influences transcription and chromatin structure through several independent functional domains; directly or indirectly regulates DNA-binding properties of Spt15p and relative activities of different TATA elements; involved in transcription elongation as demonstrated by the G-less-based run-on (GLRO) assay
yol067c YOL067C RTG1 Transcription factor (bHLH) involved in interorganelle communication; contributes to communication between mitochondria, peroxisomes, and nucleus; target of Hog1p
ygl252c YGL252C RTG2 Sensor of mitochondrial dysfunction; regulates the subcellular location of Rtg1p and Rtg3p, transcriptional activators of the retrograde (RTG) and TOR pathways; Rtg2p is inhibited by the phosphorylated form of Mks1p
ybl103c YBL103C RTG3 bHLH/Zip transcription factor for retrograde (RTG) and TOR pathways; forms a complex with another bHLH/Zip protein, Rtg1p, to activate the pathways; target of Hog1p
ydl025c YDL025C RTK1 Putative protein kinase, potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; interacts with ribosome biogenesis factors, Cka2, Gus1 and Arc1; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr233c YDR233C RTN1 Reticulon protein; stabilizes membrane curvature; involved in nuclear pore assembly and maintenance of tubular ER morphology; mutant overexpressing RTN1 shows increase in tubular ER; interacts with exocyst subunit Sec6p, Yip3p, and Sbh1p; more abundant than Rtn2p; member of the RTNLA subfamily; mutants have reduced phosphatidylserine transfer between the ER and mitochondria; RTN1 has a paralog, RTN2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl204w YDL204W RTN2 Reticulon protein; stabilizes membrane curvature; involved in nuclear pore assembly and maintenance of tubular ER morphology; interacts with exocyst subunit Sec6p, Yip3p, and Sbh1p; much less abundant than Rtn1p; rtn1 rtn2 yop1 triple mutant lacks tubular ER; member of RTNLA (reticulon-like A) subfamily; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes to plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress; RTN2 has a paralog, RTN1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr185w YMR185W RTP1 Protein required for the nuclear import and biogenesis of RNA pol II; conflicting evidence on whether null mutant is viable with elongated buds, or inviable; interacts with Rpb2, Rpb3, Nup116p, Nup100p and components of the R2TP complex (Rvb1p, Rvb2p, Pih1p); similar to human TMCO7 gene
yer139c YER139C RTR1 CTD phosphatase; dephosphorylates S5-P in the C-terminal domain of Rpo21p; has a cysteine-rich motif required for function and conserved in eukaryotes; shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm; RTR1 has a paralog, RTR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr066c YDR066C RTR2 Protein of unknown function; exhibits genetic interactions with Rtr1p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YDR066C is not an essential gene; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress; RTR2 has a paralog, RTR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor014w YOR014W RTS1 B-type regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); Rts1p and Cdc55p are alternative regulatory subunits for PP2A catalytic subunits, Pph21p and Pph22p; PP2A-Rts1p protects cohesin when recruited by Sgo1p to the pericentromere; highly enriched at centromeres in the absence of Cdc55p; required for maintenance of septin ring organization during cytokinesis, for ring disassembly in G1 and for dephosphorylation of septin, Shs1p; homolog of the mammalian B' subunit of PP2A
ygr161c YGR161C RTS3 Putative component of the protein phosphatase type 2A complex
ypl183c YPL183C RTT10 WD40 domain-containing protein involved in endosomal recycling; forms a complex with Rrt2p that functions in the retromer-mediated pathway for recycling internalized cell-surface proteins; evidence it interacts with Trm7p for 2'-O-methylation of N34 of substrate tRNAs; has a role in regulation of Ty1 transposition; human ortholog is WDR6
yjl047c YJL047C RTT101 Cullin subunit of a Roc1p-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex; role in anaphase progression; implicated in Mms22-dependent DNA repair; involved with Mms1p in nonfunctional rRNA decay; modified by the ubiquitin-like protein, Rub1p
ygr275w YGR275W RTT102 Component of both the SWI/SNF and RSC chromatin remodeling complexes; suggested role in chromosome maintenance; possible weak regulator of Ty1 transposition; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr289c YDR289C RTT103 Protein involved in transcription termination by RNA polymerase II; interacts with exonuclease Rat1p and Rai1p; has an RPR domain (carboxy-terminal domain interacting domain); also involved in regulation of Ty1 transposition
ynl206c YNL206C RTT106 Histone chaperone; involved in regulation of chromatin structure in both transcribed and silenced chromosomal regions; affects transcriptional elongation; has a role in regulation of Ty1 transposition; interacts physically and functionally with Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 (CAF-1)
yhr154w YHR154W RTT107 Protein implicated in Mms22-dependent DNA repair during S phase; involved in recruiting the SMC5/6 complex to double-strand breaks; DNA damage induces phosphorylation by Mec1p at one or more SQ/TQ motifs; interacts with Mms22p and Slx4p; has four BRCT domains; has a role in regulation of Ty1 transposition; relative distribution to nuclear foci increases upon DNA replication stress
yll002w YLL002W RTT109 Histone acetyltransferase; critical for cell survival in the presence of DNA damage during S phase; prevents hyper-amplification of rDNA; acetylates H3-K56 and H3-K9; involved in non-homologous end joining and in regulation of Ty1 transposition; interacts physically with Vps75p
ydr139c YDR139C RUB1 Ubiquitin-like protein with similarity to mammalian NEDD8; conjugation (neddylation) substrates include the cullins Cdc53p, Rtt101p, and Cul3p; activated by Ula1p and Uba3p (E1 enzyme pair); conjugation mediated by Ubc12p (E2 enzyme)
yor216c YOR216C RUD3 Golgi matrix protein; involved in the structural organization of the cis-Golgi; interacts genetically with COG3 and USO1
yor138c YOR138C RUP1 Protein that regulates ubiquitination of Rsp5p; has a WW domain consensus motif of PPPSY (residues 131-135) that mediates binding of Rsp5p to Ubp2p; contains an UBA domain; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ycr009c YCR009C RVS161 Amphiphysin-like lipid raft protein; interacts with Rvs167p and regulates polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, cell polarity, cell fusion and viability following starvation or osmotic stress
ydr388w YDR388W RVS167 Actin-associated protein with roles in endocytosis and exocytosis; interacts with Rvs161p to regulate actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, and viability following starvation or osmotic stress; recruited to bud tips by Gyl1p and Gyp5p during polarized growth; homolog of mammalian amphiphysin
ybr095c YBR095C RXT2 Component of the histone deacetylase Rpd3L complex; possibly involved in cell fusion and invasive growth; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ydl076c YDL076C RXT3 Component of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex; involved in histone deacetylation; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykl212w YKL212W SAC1 Phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PtdInsP) phosphatase; involved in hydrolysis of PtdIns[4]P in the early and medial Golgi; regulated by interaction with Vps74p; ER localized transmembrane protein which cycles through the Golgi; involved in protein trafficking and processing, secretion, and cell wall maintenance; regulates sphingolipid biosynthesis through the modulation of PtdIns(4)P metabolism
ydr159w YDR159W SAC3 Nuclear pore-associated protein; required for biogenesis of the small ribosomal subunit; component of TREX-2 complex (Sac3p-Thp1p-Sus1p-Cdc31p) involved in transcription elongation and mRNA export from the nucleus; involved in post-transcriptional tethering of active genes to the nuclear periphery and to non-nascent mRNP; similar to the human germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP)
ydr129c YDR129C SAC6 Fimbrin, actin-bundling protein; cooperates with Scp1p (calponin/transgelin) in the organization and maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton; relocalizes from plasma membrane to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ydr389w YDR389W SAC7 GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Rho1p; regulator of a Tor2p-mediated, Rho1p GTPase switch that controls organization of the actin cytoskeleton; negative regulator of the RHO1-PKC1-MAPK cell integrity (CWI) and membrane fluidity homeostasis signaling pathways; potential Cdc28p substrate; SAC7 has a paralog, BAG7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl175c YGL175C SAE2 Endonuclease required for telomere elongation; also required for telomeric 5' C-rich strand resection; involved in processing hairpin DNA structures with MRX complex; involved in double-strand break repair; required for normal resistance to DNA-damaging agents; exists in form of inactive oligomers that are transiently released into smaller active units by a series of phosphorylations; DNA damage triggers removal of Sae2p ensuring that active Sae2p is present only transiently
ybr280c YBR280C SAF1 F-Box protein involved in proteasome-dependent degradation of Aah1p; involved in proteasome-dependent degradation of Aah1p during entry of cells into quiescence; interacts with Skp1
yjr004c YJR004C SAG1 Alpha-agglutinin of alpha-cells; binds to Aga1p during agglutination, N-terminal half is homologous to the immunoglobulin superfamily and contains binding site for a-agglutinin, C-terminal half is highly glycosylated and contains GPI anchor
yer129w YER129W SAK1 Upstream serine/threonine kinase for the SNF1 complex; plays a role in pseudohyphal groth; partially redundant with Elm1p and Tos3p; members of this family have functional orthology with LKB1, a mammalian kinase associated with Peutz-Jeghers cancer-susceptibility syndrome; SAK1 has a paralog, TOS3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl083w YNL083W SAL1 ADP/ATP transporter; member of the Ca2+-binding subfamily of mitochondrial carriers, with two EF-hand motifs; transport activity of either Sal1p or Pet9p is critical for viability; polymorphic in different S. cerevisiae strains
ylr180w YLR180W SAM1 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase; catalyzes transfer of the adenosyl group of ATP to the sulfur atom of methionine; SAM1 has a paralog, SAM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr502c YDR502C SAM2 S-adenosylmethionine synthetase; catalyzes transfer of the adenosyl group of ATP to the sulfur atom of methionine; SAM2 has a paralog, SAM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl274w YPL274W SAM3 High-affinity S-adenosylmethionine permease; required for utilization of S-adenosylmethionine as a sulfur source; has similarity to S-methylmethionine permease Mmp1p
ymr060c YMR060C SAM37 Component of the Sorting and Assembly Machinery (SAM) complex; the SAM (or TOB) complex is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane; binds precursors of beta-barrel proteins and facilitates their outer membrane insertion; contributes to SAM complex stability
ypl273w YPL273W SAM4 S-adenosylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase; functions along with Mht1p in the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to methionine to control the methionine/AdoMet ratio; SAM4 has a paralog, YMR321C, that arose from a single-locus duplication
ydr143c YDR143C SAN1 Ubiquitin-protein ligase; involved in proteasome-dependent degradation of aberrant nuclear proteins; targets substrates with regions of exposed hydrophobicity containing 5 or more contiguous hydrophobic residues; contains intrinsically disordered regions that contribute to substrate recognition; prefers a window of exposed hydrophobicity that causes a particular level of protein insolubility, suggesting that San1p evolved to target highly aggregation-prone proteins
yer047c YER047C SAP1 Putative ATPase of the AAA family; interacts with the Sin1p transcriptional repressor in the two-hybrid system
yfr040w YFR040W SAP155 Protein required for function of the Sit4p protein phosphatase; forms a complex with Sit4p; member of a family of similar proteins including Sap4p, Sap185p, and Sap190p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; SAP155 has a paralog, SAP4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl098w YJL098W SAP185 Protein that forms a complex with the Sit4p protein phosphatase; required for Sit4p function; member of a family of similar proteins including Sap4p, Sap155p, and Sap190p; SAP185 has a paralog, SAP190, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr028w YKR028W SAP190 Protein that forms a complex with the Sit4p protein phosphatase; required for Sit4p function; member of a family of similar proteins including Sap4p, Sap155p, and Sap185p; SAP190 has a paralog, SAP185, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr263w YMR263W SAP30 Component of Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex; involved in silencing at telomeres, rDNA, and silent mating-type loci; involved in telomere maintenance
ygl229c YGL229C SAP4 Protein required for function of the Sit4p protein phosphatase; member of a family of similar proteins that form complexes with Sit4p, including Sap155p, Sap185p, and Sap190p; SAP4 has a paralog, SAP155, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr127c YMR127C SAS2 Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) catalytic subunit of the SAS complex; acetylates free histones and nucleosomes and regulates transcriptional silencing; member of the MYSTacetyltransferase family; other members are Sas4p and Sas5p
ybl052c YBL052C SAS3 Histone acetyltransferase catalytic subunit of NuA3 complex; acetylates histone H3, involved in transcriptional silencing; homolog of the mammalian MOZ proto-oncogene; mutant has aneuploidy tolerance; sas3gcn5 double mutation is lethal
ydr181c YDR181C SAS4 Subunit of the SAS complex (Sas2p, Sas4p, Sas5p); acetylates free histones and nucleosomes and regulates transcriptional silencing; required for the HAT activity of Sas2p
yor213c YOR213C SAS5 Subunit of the SAS complex (Sas2p, Sas4p, Sas5p); acetylates free histones and nucleosomes and regulates transcriptional silencing; stimulates Sas2p HAT activity
ycr008w YCR008W SAT4 Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in salt tolerance; funtions in regulation of Trk1p-Trk2p potassium transporter; partially redundant with Hal5p; has similarity to Npr1p
yal027w YAL027W SAW1 5'- and 3'-flap DNA binding protein; recruits Rad1p-Rad10p to single-strand annealing intermediates with 3' non-homologous tails for removal during double-strand break repair; complexes with Rad1p-Rad10p and stimulates its endonuclease activity; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus
ygr263c YGR263C SAY1 Sterol deacetylase; component of the sterol acetylation/deacetylation cycle along with Atf2p; integral membrane protein with active site in the ER lumen; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum
ykl117w YKL117W SBA1 Co-chaperone that binds and regulates Hsp90 family chaperones; plays a role in determining prion variants; important for pp60v-src activity in yeast; homologous to the mammalian p23 proteins, and like p23 can regulate telomerase activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr351w YDR351W SBE2 Protein required for bud growth; involved in transport of cell wall components from the Golgi to the cell surface; SBE2 has a paralog, SBE22, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr103w YHR103W SBE22 Protein involved in bud growth; involved in the transport of cell wall components from the Golgi to the cell surface; similar in structure and functionally redundant with Sbe2p; SBE22 has a paralog, SBE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer019c-a YER019C-A SBH2 Ssh1p-Sss1p-Sbh2p complex component; involved in protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum; SBH2 has a paralog, SBH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl034c YHL034C SBP1 Protein that binds eIF4G and has a role in repression of translation; has an RGG motif; found in cytoplasmic P bodies; found associated with small nucleolar RNAs snR10 and snR11; SBP1 has a paralog, RNP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr129w YPR129W SCD6 Repressor of translation initiation; binds eIF4G through its RGG domain and inhibits recruitment of the preinitiation complex; also contains an Lsm domain; may have a role in RNA processing; overproduction suppresses null mutation in clathrin heavy chain gene CHC1; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ymr214w YMR214W SCJ1 One of several homologs of bacterial chaperone DnaJ; located in the ER lumen where it cooperates with Kar2p to mediate maturation of proteins
ygr049w YGR049W SCM4 Mitochondrial outer membrane protein of unknown function; predicted to have 4 transmembrane segments; import is mediated by Tom70p and Mim1p; interacts genetically with a cdc4 mutation; SCM4 has a paralog, ATG33, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr037c YBR037C SCO1 Copper-binding protein of mitochondrial inner membrane; required for cytochrome c oxidase activity and respiration; may function to deliver copper to cytochrome c oxidase; similar to thioredoxins; SCO1 has a paralog, SCO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr024w YBR024W SCO2 Protein anchored to mitochondrial inner membrane; may have a redundant function with Sco1p in delivery of copper to cytochrome c oxidase; interacts with Cox2p; SCO2 has a paralog, SCO1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor367w YOR367W SCP1 Component of yeast cortical actin cytoskeleton; binds and cross links actin filaments; originally identified by its homology to calponin (contains a calponin-like repeat) but the Scp1p domain structure is more similar to transgelin
yjl080c YJL080C SCP160 Essential RNA-binding G protein effector of mating response pathway; mainly associated with nuclear envelope and ER, interacts in mRNA-dependent manner with translating ribosomes via multiple KH domains, similar to vertebrate vigilins
yer120w YER120W SCS2 Integral ER membrane protein, regulates phospholipid metabolism; one of 6 proteins (Ist2p, Scs2p, Scs22p, Tcb1p, Tcb2p, Tcb3p) that connect ER to the plasma membrane (PM) and regulate PI4P levels by controlling access of Sac1p phosphatase to its substrate PI4P in the PM; interacts with FFAT motif of Opi1p; involved in telomeric silencing; null shows inositol auxotrophy above 34 deg C; VAP homolog; SCS2 has a paralog, SCS22, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl091c-a YBL091C-A SCS22 Protein involved in regulation of phospholipid metabolism; one of 6 proteins (Ist2p, Scs2p, Scs22p, Tcb1p, Tcb2p, Tcb3p) that connect ER to the plasma membrane (PM) and regulate PM phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) levels by controlling access of Sac1p phosphatase to its substrate PI4P in the PM; similar to D. melanogaster inturned protein; SCS22 has a paralog, SCS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl126w YGL126W SCS3 Protein required for inositol prototrophy; required for normal ER membrane biosynthesis; ortholog of the FIT family of proteins involved in triglyceride droplet biosynthesis and homologous to human FIT2; disputed role in the synthesis of inositol phospholipids from inositol
ymr272c YMR272C SCS7 Sphingolipid alpha-hydroxylase; functions in the alpha-hydroxylation of sphingolipid-associated very long chain fatty acids, has both cytochrome b5-like and hydroxylase/desaturase domains, not essential for growth
ybl011w YBL011W SCT1 Glycerol 3-phosphate/dihydroxyacetone phosphate sn-1 acyltransferase; dual substrate-specific acyltransferase of the glycerolipid biosynthesis pathway; prefers 16-carbon fatty acids; similar to Gpt2p; gene is constitutively transcribed
ymr305c YMR305C SCW10 Cell wall protein with similarity to glucanases; may play a role in conjugation during mating based on mutant phenotype and its regulation by Ste12p; SWC10 has a paralog, SCW4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl028c YGL028C SCW11 Cell wall protein with similarity to glucanases; may play a role in conjugation during mating based on its regulation by Ste12p
ygr279c YGR279C SCW4 Cell wall protein with similarity to glucanases; scw4 scw10 double mutants exhibit defects in mating; SCW4 has a paralog, SCW10, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl083w YGL083W SCY1 Putative kinase; suppressor of GTPase mutant, similar to bovine rhodopsin kinase
ydr469w YDR469W SDC1 Subunit of the COMPASS (Set1C) complex; COMPASS methylates lysine 4 of histone H3 and is required in chromatin silencing at telomeres; contains a Dpy-30 domain that mediates interaction with Bre2p; similar to C. elegans and human DPY-30
yll016w YLL016W SDC25 Non-essential Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF); localized to the membrane; expressed in poor nutrient conditions and on nonfermentable carbon sources; contains a stop codon in S288C, full-length gene includes YLL017W; SDC25 has a paralog, CDC25, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl148c YKL148C SDH1 Flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase; couples the oxidation of succinate to the transfer of electrons to ubiquinone as part of the TCA cycle and the mitochondrial respiratory chain; FAD binding to Sdh1p is required for the assembly of the succinate dehydrogenase subunits; SDH1 has a paralog, YJL045W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll041c YLL041C SDH2 Iron-sulfur protein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase; the complex couples the oxidation of succinate to the transfer of electrons to ubiquinone as part of the TCA cycle and the mitochondrial respiratory chain; other members are Sdh1p, Sdh3p, and Sdh4p
ydr178w YDR178W SDH4 Membrane anchor subunit of succinate dehydrogenase; involved in coupling the oxidation of succinate to the transfer of electrons to ubiquinone as part of the TCA cycle and the mitochondrial respiratory chain; SDH4 has a paralog, SHH4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil167w YIL167W SDL1 Open reading frame unlikely to produce a functional protein in S288C; in closely related species and other S. cerevisiae strain backgrounds YIL167W and adjacent ORF, YIL168W, constitute a single ORF encoding L-serine dehydratase
yil113w YIL113W SDP1 Stress-inducible dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatase; negatively regulates Slt2p MAP kinase by direct dephosphorylation, diffuse localization under normal conditions shifts to punctate localization after heat shock; SDP1 has a paralog, MSG5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl056c YGL056C SDS23 Protein involved in cell separation during budding; one of two S. cerevisiae homologs (Sds23p and Sds24p) of the S. pombe Sds23 protein, which is implicated in APC/cyclosome regulation; SDS23 has a paralog, SDS24, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr214w YBR214W SDS24 Protein involved in cell separation during budding; one of two S. cerevisiae homologs (Sds23p and Sds24p) of the S. pombe Sds23 protein, which is implicated in APC/cyclosome regulation; may play an indirect role in fluid-phase endocytosis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; SDS24 has a paralog, SDS23, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil084c YIL084C SDS3 Component of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex; required for its structural integrity and catalytic activity, involved in transcriptional silencing and required for sporulation; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; cells defective in SDS3 display pleiotropic phenotypes
ygl224c YGL224C SDT1 Pyrimidine nucleotidase; responsible for production of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinic acid riboside; overexpression suppresses the 6-AU sensitivity of transcription elongation factor S-II, as well as resistance to other pyrimidine derivatives; SDT1 has a paralog, PHM8, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr268w YLR268W SEC22 R-SNARE protein; assembles into SNARE complex with Bet1p, Bos1p and Sed5p; cycles between the ER and Golgi complex; involved in anterograde and retrograde transport between the ER and Golgi; synaptobrevin homolog
yil076w YIL076W SEC28 Epsilon-COP subunit of the coatomer; regulates retrograde Golgi-to-ER protein traffic; stabilizes Cop1p, the alpha-COP and the coatomer complex; non-essential for cell growth; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr171w YBR171W SEC66 Non-essential subunit of Sec63 complex; with Sec61 complex, Kar2p/BiP and Lhs1p forms a channel competent for SRP-dependent and post-translational SRP-independent protein targeting and import into the ER; other members are Sec63p, Sec62p, and Sec72p
ylr292c YLR292C SEC72 Non-essential subunit of Sec63 complex; with Sec61 complex, Kar2p/BiP and Lhs1p forms a channel competent for SRP-dependent and post-translational SRP-independent protein targeting and import into the ER; other members are Sec63p, Sec62p, and Sec66p
ydr077w YDR077W SED1 Major stress-induced structural GPI-cell wall glycoprotein; associates with translating ribosomes, possible role in mitochondrial genome maintenance; ORF contains two distinct variable minisatellites; SED1 has a paralog, SPI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr067c YCR067C SED4 Integral ER membrane protein that stimulates Sar1p GTPase activity; involved in COPII vesicle budding through disassociation of coat proteins from membranes onto liposomes; binds Sec16p; SED4 has a paralog, SEC12, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil064w YIL064W SEE1 Probable lysine methyltransferase; involved in the dimethylation of eEF1A (Tef1p/Tef2p); sequence similarity to S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases of the seven beta-strand family; role in vesicular transport
ybl066c YBL066C SEF1 Putative transcription factor; has homolog in Kluyveromyces lactis
ymr086w YMR086W SEG1 Component of eisosome required for proper eisosome assembly; precedes Pil1p/Lsp1p during eisosome formation, controls eisosome length and shape; diffusely distributed, forms heterogeneous patches at plasma membrane in small buds, also found in medium and large buds; expression repressed by cAMP; similar to A. gossypii SEG gene and to S. pombe Sle1p, important for generating eisosomes; SEG1 has a paralog, SEG2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl105c YKL105C SEG2 Eisosome component; likely plays only minor role in eisosome assembly; shown to interact with Seg1p; similar to A. gossypii SEG gene which is important for stabilizing eisosomes; SEG2 has a paralog, SEG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr363w-a YDR363W-A SEM1 Component of lid subcomplex of 26S proteasome regulatory subunit; involved in mRNA export mediated by TREX-2 complex (Sac3p-Thp1p); assumes different conformations in different contexts, functions as molecular glue stabilizing the Rpn3p/Rpn7p regulatory heterodimer, and tethers it to lid helical bundle; ortholog of human DSS1; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yal067c YAL067C SEO1 Putative permease; member of the allantoate transporter subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily; mutation confers resistance to ethionine sulfoxide
yor184w YOR184W SER1 3-phosphoserine aminotransferase; catalyzes the formation of phosphoserine from 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate, required for serine and glycine biosynthesis; regulated by the general control of amino acid biosynthesis mediated by Gcn4p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr208w YGR208W SER2 Phosphoserine phosphatase of the phosphoglycerate pathway; involved in serine and glycine biosynthesis, expression is regulated by the available nitrogen source
yer081w YER081W SER3 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the first step in serine and glycine biosynthesis; SER3 has a paralog, SER33, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil074c YIL074C SER33 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the first step in serine and glycine biosynthesis; SER33 has a paralog, SER3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl168c YJL168C SET2 Histone methyltransferase with a role in transcriptional elongation; methylates H3 lysine 36 (H3K36), which suppresses incorporation of acetylated histones and signals for the deacetylation of these histones within transcribed genes; associates with the C-terminal domain(CTD) of Rpo21p; H3K36me3 (trimethylation) requires Spt6p, proline 38 on H3, CTD of Rpo21p, Ctk1p, and C-terminal SRI domain of Ste2p; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ykr029c YKR029C SET3 Defining member of the SET3 histone deacetylase complex; which is a meiosis-specific repressor of sporulation genes; necessary for efficient transcription by RNAPII; one of two yeast proteins that contains both SET and PHD domains; SET3 has a paralog, SET4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl105w YJL105W SET4 Protein of unknown function, contains a SET domain; SET4 has a paralog, SET3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr207c YHR207C SET5 Methyltransferase involved in methylation of histone H4 Lys5, -8, -12; S-adenosylmethionine-dependent; zinc-finger protein, contains one canonical and two unusual fingers in unusual arrangements; deletion enhances replication of positive-strand RNA virus
ypl165c YPL165C SET6 SET domain protein of unknown function; deletion heterozygote is sensitive to compounds that target ergosterol biosynthesis, may be involved in compound availability
yor165w YOR165W SEY1 Dynamin-like GTPase that mediates homotypic ER fusion; has a role in ER morphology; interacts physically and genetically with Yop1p and Rtn1p; functional ortholog of the human atlastin ATL1, defects in which cause a form of the human disease hereditary spastic paraplegia; homolog of Arabidopsis RHD3
ydl168w YDL168W SFA1 Bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase; formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity is glutathione-dependent; functions in formaldehyde detoxification and formation of long chain and complex alcohols, regulated by Hog1p-Sko1p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ynl049c YNL049C SFB2 Component of the Sec23p-Sfb2p heterodimer of the COPII vesicle coat; required for cargo selection during vesicle formation in ER to Golgi transport; homologous to Sfb3p; SFB2 has a paralog, SEC24, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr095w YJR095W SFC1 Mitochondrial succinate-fumarate transporter; transports succinate into and fumarate out of the mitochondrion; required for ethanol and acetate utilization
yor315w YOR315W SFG1 Nuclear protein putative transcription factor; required for growth of superficial pseudohyphae (which do not invade the agar substrate) but not for invasive pseudohyphal growth; may act together with Phd1p; potential Cdc28p substrate
yjl145w YJL145W SFH5 Non-classical phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP); exhibits PI- but not PC-transfer activity; localizes to the peripheral endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol and microsomes; similar to Sec14p; partially relocalizes to the plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress
ykl051w YKL051W SFK1 Plasma membrane protein that may act to generate normal levels of PI4P; may act together with or upstream of Stt4p; at least partially mediates proper localization of Stt4p to the plasma membrane
yor140w YOR140W SFL1 Transcriptional repressor and activator; involved in repression of flocculation-related genes, and activation of stress responsive genes; negatively regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A subunit Tpk2p
yor021c YOR021C SFM1 SPOUT methyltransferase; catalyzes omega-monomethylation of Rps3p on Arg-146; not an essential gene; predicted to be involved in rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis and in biopolymer catabolism
ylr403w YLR403W SFP1 Regulates transcription of ribosomal protein and biogenesis genes; regulates response to nutrients and stress, G2/M transitions during mitotic cell cycle and DNA-damage response, and modulates cell size; regulated by TORC1 and Mrs6p; sequence of zinc finger, ChIP localization data, and protein-binding microarray (PBM) data, and computational analyses suggest it binds DNA directly at highly active RP genes and indirectly through Rap1p at others; can form the [ISP+] prion
ybl102w YBL102W SFT2 Tetra-spanning membrane protein found mostly in the late Golgi; non-essential; can suppress some sed5 alleles; may be part of the transport machinery, but precise function is unknown; similar to mammalian syntaxin 5
yil099w YIL099W SGA1 Intracellular sporulation-specific glucoamylase; involved in glycogen degradation; induced during starvation of a/a diploids late in sporulation, but dispensable for sporulation
ypr198w YPR198W SGE1 Plasma membrane multidrug transporter; member of the major facilitator superfamily; acts as an extrusion permease; partial multicopy suppressor of gal11 mutations
ypl047w YPL047W SGF11 Integral subunit of SAGA histone acetyltransferase complex; regulates transcription of a subset of SAGA-regulated genes, required for the Ubp8p association with SAGA and for H2B deubiquitylation
ycl010c YCL010C SGF29 Component of the HAT/Core module of the SAGA, SLIK, and ADA complexes; HAT/Core module also contains Gcn5p, Ngg1p, and Ada2p; binds methylated histone H3K4; involved in transcriptional regulation through SAGA and TBP recruitment to target promoters and H3 acetylation
ygl066w YGL066W SGF73 SAGA complex subunit; has a role in anchoring the deubiquitination module into SAGA and SLIK complexes; involved in preinitiation complex assembly at promoters; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; human ortholog ataxin-7 is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia diseases; mutant displays reduced transcription elongation in the G-less-based run-on (GLRO) assay
yjr134c YJR134C SGM1 Protein of unknown function; required for wild-type growth rate on galactose and mannose; localizes to COPI coated vesicles and the Golgi apparatus
yir001c YIR001C SGN1 Cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein; contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM); may have a role in mRNA translation, as suggested by genetic interactions with genes encoding proteins involved in translational initiation
yor073w YOR073W SGO1 Component of the spindle checkpoint; involved in sensing lack of tension on mitotic chromosomes; protects centromeric Rec8p at meiosis I; required for accurate chromosomal segregation at meiosis II and for mitotic chromosome stability
ymr190c YMR190C SGS1 RecQ family nucleolar DNA helicase; role in genome integrity maintenance; regulates chromosome synapsis and meiotic joint molecule/crossover formation; stimulates DNA catenation/decatenation activity of Top3p; potential repressor of a subset of rapamycin responsive genes; rapidly lost in response to rapamycin in Rrd1p-dependent manner; similar to human BLM and WRN proteins implicated in Bloom and Werner syndromes; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
yor007c YOR007C SGT2 Glutamine-rich cytoplasmic cochaperone; serves as a scaffold bringing together Get4, Get5p, and other TRC complex members that are required to mediate posttranslational insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane; interacts with the prion domain of Sup35p; amyloid sensor; plays a role in targeting chaperones to prion aggregates; has similarity to human cochaperone SGT; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ykr043c YKR043C SHB17 Sedoheptulose bisphosphatase involved in riboneogenesis; dephosphorylates sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate, which is converted via the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway to ribose-5-phosphate; facilitates the conversion of glycolytic intermediates to pentose phosphate units; also has fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase activity but this is probably not biologically relevant, since deletion does not affect FBP levels; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus
yer096w YER096W SHC1 Sporulation-specific activator of Chs3p (chitin synthase III); required for the synthesis of the chitosan layer of ascospores; transcriptionally induced at alkaline pH; SHC1 has a paralog, SKT5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl031w YBL031W SHE1 Mitotic spindle protein; interacts with components of the Dam1 (DASH) complex, its effector Sli15p, and microtubule-associated protein Bim1p; also localizes to nuclear microtubules and to the bud neck in a ring-shaped structure; inhibits dynein function
ygl228w YGL228W SHE10 Protein involved in outer spore wall assembly; likely involved directly in dityrosine layer assembly; putative GPI-anchored protein; overexpression causes growth arrest; SHE10 has a paralog, OSW7/YFR039C, that arose from the whole genome duplication and deletion of both SHE10 and OWS7 results in reduced dityrosine fluorescence from the spore wall relative to other mutants
ykl130c YKL130C SHE2 RNA-binding protein that binds specific mRNAs and interacts with She3p; part of the mRNA localization machinery that restricts accumulation of certain proteins to the bud; binds to ER-derived membranes and targets mRNAs to cortical ER
ybr130c YBR130C SHE3 Protein adaptor between Myo4p and the She2p-mRNA complex; part of the mRNA localization machinery that restricts accumulation of certain proteins to the bud; also required for cortical ER inheritance
yor035c YOR035C SHE4 Protein containing a UCS (UNC-45/CRO1/SHE4) domain; binds to myosin motor domains to regulate myosin function; involved in endocytosis, polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, and asymmetric mRNA localization
ydr393w YDR393W SHE9 Protein required for normal mitochondrial morphology; mitochondrial inner membrane protein; may be involved in fission of the inner membrane; forms a homo-oligomeric complex
ybr258c YBR258C SHG1 Subunit of the COMPASS (Set1C) complex; COMPASS methylates histone H3 on lysine 4 and is required in transcriptional silencing near telomeres
ymr118c YMR118C SHH3 Putative mitochondrial inner membrane protein of unknown function; although similar to paralogous Sdh3p, Shh3p is not a stoichiometric subunit of either succinate dehydrogenase or of the TIM22 translocase; SHH3 has a paralog, SDH3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr164w YLR164W SHH4 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein of unknown function; similar to Tim18p; a fraction copurifies with Sdh3p, but Shh4p is neither a stoichiometric subunit of succinate dehydrogenase nor of the TIM22 translocase; expression induced by nitrogen limitation in a GLN3, GAT1-dependent manner; SHH4 has a paralog, SDH4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr263w YBR263W SHM1 Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase; converts serine to glycine plus 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate; involved in generating precursors for purine, pyrimidine, amino acid, and lipid biosynthesis; reverse reaction generates serine
ylr058c YLR058C SHM2 Cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase; converts serine to glycine plus 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate; major isoform involved in generating precursors for purine, pyrimidine, amino acid, and lipid biosynthesis
yer118c YER118C SHO1 Transmembrane osmosensor for filamentous growth and HOG pathways; involved in activation of the Cdc42p- and MAP kinase-dependent filamentous growth pathway and the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) response pathway; phosphorylated by Hog1p; interacts with Pbs2p, Msb2p, Hkr1p, and Ste11p
ybl058w YBL058W SHP1 UBX (ubiquitin regulatory X) domain-containing protein; regulates Glc7p phosphatase activity; shp1 mutants are impaired in growth and mitotic progression; functions in growth and mitotic progression require Cdc48p binding; mitotic phenotype is caused by reduced Glc7p activity; interacts with ubiquitylated proteins, required for degradation of a ubiquitylated model substrate
yol110w YOL110W SHR5 Palmitoyltransferase subunit; this complex adds a palmitoyl lipid moiety to heterolipidated substrates such as Ras1p and Ras2p through a thioester linkage; palmitoylation is required for Ras2p membrane localization; Palmitoyltransferase is composed of Shr5p and Erf2
ydl225w YDL225W SHS1 Component of the septin ring that is required for cytokinesis; septins are GTP-binding proteins that assemble into rod-like hetero-oligomers that can associate with other rods to form filaments; septin rings at the mother-bud neck act as scaffolds for recruiting cell division factors and as barriers to prevent diffusion of specific proteins; undergoes sumoylation and phosphorylation during mitosis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yhl006c YHL006C SHU1 Component of the Shu complex, which promotes error-free DNA repair; Shu complex mediates inhibition of Srs2p function
ydr078c YDR078C SHU2 Component of the Shu complex, which promotes error-free DNA repair; Shu complex mediates inhibition of Srs2p function
ygr112w YGR112W SHY1 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein required for complex IV assembly; associates with complex IV assembly intermediates and complex III/complex IV supercomplexes; similar to human SURF1 involved in Leigh Syndrome; complex IV is also known as cytochrome c oxidase
yor137c YOR137C SIA1 Protein of unassigned function; involved in activation of the Pma1p plasma membrane H+-ATPase by glucose; contains peptide signal for membrane localization
ylr079w YLR079W SIC1 Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI); inhibitor of Cdc28-Clb kinase complexes that controls G1/S phase transition, preventing premature S phase and ensuring genomic integrity; phosphorylated by Clb5/6-Cdk1 and Cln1/2-Cdk1 kinase which regulate timing of Sic1p degradation; phosphorylation targets Sic1p for SCF(CDC4)-dependent turnover; functional homolog of mammalian Kip1
ybr103w YBR103W SIF2 WD40 repeat-containing subunit of Set3C histone deacetylase complex; complex represses early/middle sporulation genes; antagonizes telomeric silencing; binds specifically to the Sir4p N-terminus
yol031c YOL031C SIL1 Nucleotide exchange factor for the ER lumenal Hsp70 chaperone Kar2p; required for protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); homolog of Yarrowia lipolytica SLS1; GrpE-like protein
yil123w YIL123W SIM1 Protein of the SUN family (Sim1p, Uth1p, Nca3p, Sun4p); may participate in DNA replication; promoter contains SCB regulation box at -300 bp indicating that expression may be cell cycle-regulated; SIM1 has a paralog, SUN4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol004w YOL004W SIN3 Component of both the Rpd3S and Rpd3L histone deacetylase complexes; involved in transcriptional repression and activation of diverse processes, including mating-type switching and meiosis; involved in the maintenance of chromosomal integrity
ynl236w YNL236W SIN4 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; contributes to both postive and negative transcriptional regulation; dispensible for basal transcription
ydr422c YDR422C SIP1 Alternate beta-subunit of the Snf1p kinase complex; may confer substrate specificity; vacuolar protein containing KIS (Kinase-Interacting Sequence) and ASC (Association with Snf1 kinase Complex) domains involved in protein interactions
ymr175w YMR175W SIP18 Phospholipid-binding hydrophilin; essential to overcome desiccation-rehydration process; expression is induced by osmotic stress; SIP18 has a paralog, GRE1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl208w YGL208W SIP2 One of three beta subunits of the Snf1 kinase complex; involved in the response to glucose starvation; null mutants exhibit accelerated aging; N-myristoylprotein localized to the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane; SIP2 has a paralog, GAL83, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl257c YNL257C SIP3 Transcription cofactor; acts through interaction with DNA-bound Snf1p; C-terminal region has a putative leucine zipper motif; potential Cdc28p substrate; SIP3 has a paralog, YSP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl089w YJL089W SIP4 C6 zinc cluster transcriptional activator; binds to the carbon source-responsive element (CSRE) of gluconeogenic genes; involved in the positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; regulated by Snf1p protein kinase; localized to the nucleus
ymr140w YMR140W SIP5 Protein of unknown function; interacts with both the Reg1p/Glc7p phosphatase and the Snf1p kinase; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ykr101w YKR101W SIR1 Protein involved in silencing at mating-type loci HML and HMR; recruitment to silent chromatin requires interactions with Orc1p and with Sir4p, through a common Sir1p domain; binds to centromeric chromatin
ydl042c YDL042C SIR2 Conserved NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase of the Sirtuin family; involved in regulation of lifespan; plays roles in silencing at HML, HMR, telomeres, and the rDNA locus; negatively regulates initiation of DNA replication; functions as a regulator of autophagy like mammalian homolog SIRT1, and also of mitophagy; SIR2 has a paralog, HST1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr442c YLR442C SIR3 Silencing protein; interacts with Sir2p and Sir4p, and histone H3 and H4 tails, to establish a transcriptionally silent chromatin state; required for spreading of silenced chromatin; recruited to chromatin through interaction with Rap1p; SIR3 has a paralog, ORC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr227w YDR227W SIR4 SIR protein involved in assembly of silent chromatin domains; silent information regulator (SIR) along with SIR2 and SIR3; involved in assembly of silent chromatin domains at telomeres and the silent mating-type loci; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; some alleles of SIR4 prolong lifespan
ykr072c YKR072C SIS2 Negative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (Ppz1p); involved in coenzyme A biosynthesis; subunit of phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (PPCDC: Cab3p, Sis2p, Vhs3p) complex and the CoA-Synthesizing Protein Complex (CoA-SPC: Cab2p, Cab3p, Cab4p, Cab5p, Sis2p and Vhs3p); SIS2 has a paralog, VHS3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel065w YEL065W SIT1 Ferrioxamine B transporter; member of the ARN family of transporters that specifically recognize siderophore-iron chelates; transcription is induced during iron deprivation and diauxic shift; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p
ydl047w YDL047W SIT4 Type 2A-related serine-threonine phosphatase; functions in the G1/S transition of the mitotic cycle; regulator of COPII coat dephosphorylation; required for ER to Golgi traffic; interacts with Hrr25p kinase; cytoplasmic and nuclear protein that modulates functions mediated by Pkc1p including cell wall and actin cytoskeleton organization; similar to human PP6
ynl032w YNL032W SIW14 Tyrosine phosphatase involved in actin organization and endocytosis; localized to the cytoplasm
ydr409w YDR409W SIZ1 SUMO/Smt3 ligase; promotes attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier sumo (Smt3p) to proteins; binds Ubc9p and may bind septins; specifically required for sumoylation of septins in vivo; localized to the septin ring; SIZ1 has a paralog, NFI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr187w YLR187W SKG3 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery, cytoplasm, bud, and bud neck; potential Cdc28p substrate; similar to Skg4p; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; SKG3 has a paralog, CAF120, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr398c YLR398C SKI2 Ski complex component and putative RNA helicase; mediates 3'-5' RNA degradation by the cytoplasmic exosome; null mutants have superkiller phenotype of increased viral dsRNAs and are synthetic lethal with mutations in 5'-3' mRNA decay; mutations in the human ortholog, SKIV2L, causes Syndromic diarrhea/Trichohepatoenteric (SD/THE) syndrome
ypr189w YPR189W SKI3 Ski complex component and TPR protein; mediates 3'-5' RNA degradation by the cytoplasmic exosome; null mutants have superkiller phenotype of increased viral dsRNAs and are synthetic lethal with mutations in 5'-3' mRNA decay; mutations in the human ortholog, TTC37, causes Syndromic diarrhea/Trichohepatoenteric (SD/THE) syndrome
yor076c YOR076C SKI7 Coupling protein for the Ski complex and cytoplasmic exosome; involved in 3'-5' RNA degradation; eRF3-like domain targets nonstop mRNA for degradation; null mutants have superkiller phenotype; SKI7 has a paralog, HBS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl213c YGL213C SKI8 Ski complex component and WD-repeat protein; mediates 3'-5' RNA degradation by the cytoplasmic exosome; also required for meiotic double-strand break recombination; null mutants have superkiller phenotype
yol113w YOL113W SKM1 Member of the PAK family of serine/threonine protein kinases; similar to Ste20p; involved in down-regulation of sterol uptake; proposed to be a downstream effector of Cdc42p during polarized growth; SKM1 has a paralog, CLA4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr143w YGR143W SKN1 Protein involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis; type II membrane protein; SKN1 has a paralog, KRE6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr206w YHR206W SKN7 Nuclear response regulator and transcription factor; physically interacts with the Tup1-Cyc8 complex and recruits Tup1p to its targets; part of a branched two-component signaling system; required for optimal induction of heat-shock genes in response to oxidative stress; involved in osmoregulation; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; SKN7 has a paralog, HMS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl167c YNL167C SKO1 Basic leucine zipper transcription factor of the ATF/CREB family; forms a complex with Tup1p and Cyc8p to both activate and repress transcription; cytosolic and nuclear protein involved in osmotic and oxidative stress responses
ynl311c YNL311C SKP2 F-box protein of unknown function; predicted to be part of an SCF ubiquitin protease complex; involved in regulating protein levels of sulfur metabolism enzymes; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments
ypl026c YPL026C SKS1 Putative serine/threonine protein kinase; involved in the adaptation to low concentrations of glucose independent of the SNF3 regulated pathway; SKS1 has a paralog, VHS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl061c YBL061C SKT5 Activator of Chs3p (chitin synthase III) during vegetative growth; recruits Chs3p to the bud neck via interaction with Bni4p; SKT5 has a paralog, SHC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr216c YMR216C SKY1 SR protein kinase (SRPK); involved in regulating proteins involved in mRNA metabolism and cation homeostasis; similar to human SRPK1
ybl007c YBL007C SLA1 Cytoskeletal protein binding protein; required for assembly of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; interacts with proteins regulating actin dynamics and proteins required for endocytosis; found in the nucleus and cell cortex; has 3 SH3 domains
ydl052c YDL052C SLC1 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; catalyzes the acylation of lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidic acid, a key intermediate in lipid metabolism; enzymatic activity detected in lipid particles and microsomes
ydr515w YDR515W SLF1 RNA binding protein that associates with polysomes; may be involved in regulating mRNA translation; involved in the copper-dependent mineralization of copper sulfide complexes on cell surface in cells cultured in copper salts; SLF1 has a paralog, SRO9, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor008c YOR008C SLG1 Sensor-transducer of the stress-activated PKC1-MPK1 kinase pathway; involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity; required for mitophagy; involved in organization of the actin cytoskeleton; secretory pathway Wsc1p is required for the arrest of secretion response
ygr271w YGR271W SLH1 Putative RNA helicase related to Ski2p; involved in translation inhibition of non-poly(A) mRNAs; required for repressing propagation of dsRNA viruses
ygr212w YGR212W SLI1 N-acetyltransferase; confers resistance to the sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitor myriocin (ISP-1) by converting it into N-acetyl-myriocin, co-operates with Ypk1p in mediating resistance to myriocin
ybr156c YBR156C SLI15 Subunit of the conserved chromosomal passenger complex (CPC); complex regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachments, activation of the spindle tension checkpoint, and mitotic spindle disassembly; other complex members are Ipl1p, Bir1p, and Nbl1p
yor195w YOR195W SLK19 Kinetochore-associated protein required for chromosome segregation; required for normal segregation of chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis; component of the FEAR regulatory network, which promotes Cdc14p release from the nucleolus during anaphase; potential Cdc28p substrate
yil105c YIL105C SLM1 Phosphoinositide PI4,5P(2) binding protein, forms a complex with Slm2p; acts downstream of Mss4p in a pathway regulating actin cytoskeleton organization in response to stress; phosphorylated by the TORC2 complex; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; SLM1 has a paralog, SLM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl047c YNL047C SLM2 Phosphoinositide PI4,5P(2) binding protein, forms a complex with Slm1p; acts downstream of Mss4p in a pathway regulating actin cytoskeleton organization in response to stress; phosphorylated by the TORC2 complex; SLM2 has a paralog, SLM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl033c YDL033C SLM3 tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase; responsible for 2-thiolation of the wobble base of mitochondrial tRNAs; human ortholog is implicated in myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers (MERRF)
ybr077c YBR077C SLM4 Component of the EGO and GSE complexes; essential for integrity and function of EGO; EGO is involved in the regulation of microautophagy and GSE is required for proper sorting of amino acid permease Gap1p; gene exhibits synthetic genetic interaction with MSS4
ycr024c YCR024C SLM5 Mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase
ybr266c YBR266C SLM6 Protein with a potential role in actin cytoskeleton organization; gene exhibits synthetic genetic interaction with MSS4 encoding phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate kinase
yor154w YOR154W SLP1 Glycosylated integral ER membrane protein of unknown function; forms an ER-membrane associated protein complex with Emp65p; member of the SUN-like family of proteins; genetic interactions suggest a role in folding of ER membrane proteins; required for nuclear envelope localization of Mps3p
ylr139c YLR139C SLS1 Mitochondrial membrane protein; coordinates expression of mitochondrially-encoded genes; may facilitate delivery of mRNA to membrane-bound translation machinery
yhr030c YHR030C SLT2 Serine/threonine MAP kinase; involved in regulating maintenance of cell wall integrity, cell cycle progression, and nuclear mRNA retention in heat shock; required for mitophagy and pexophagy; affects recruitment of mitochondria to phagophore assembly site (PAS); plays a role in adaptive response of cells to cold; regulated by the PKC1-mediated signaling pathway; SLT2 has a paralog, KDX1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr228w YBR228W SLX1 Endonuclease involved in DNA recombination and repair; subunit of a complex, with Slx4p, that hydrolyzes 5' branches from duplex DNA in response to stalled or converging replication forks; function overlaps with that of Sgs1p-Top3p
ylr135w YLR135W SLX4 Endonuclease involved in processing DNA; acts during recombination and repair; promotes template switching during break-induced replication (BIR), causing non-reciprocal translocations (NRTs); cleaves branched structures in a complex with Slx1p; involved interstrand cross-link repair and in Rad1p/Rad10p-dependent removal of 3'-nonhomologous tails during DSBR via single-strand annealing; relative distribution to nuclear foci increases upon DNA replication stress
ydl013w YDL013W SLX5 Subunit of the Slx5-Slx8 SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase complex; stimulated by SUMO-modified substrates; contains a RING domain and two SIMs (SUMO-interacting motifs); forms SUMO-dependent nuclear foci, including DNA repair centers; the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase complex is also known as the STUbL complex
yer116c YER116C SLX8 Subunit of Slx5-Slx8 SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) complex; stimulated by prior attachment of SUMO to the substrate; contains a C-terminal RING domain; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
ygr081c YGR081C SLX9 Protein required for pre-rRNA processing; associated with the 90S pre-ribosome and 43S small ribosomal subunit precursor; interacts with U3 snoRNA; deletion mutant has synthetic fitness defect with an sgs1 deletion mutant
yor307c YOR307C SLY41 Protein involved in ER-to-Golgi transport
ynl196c YNL196C SLZ1 Sporulation-specific protein with a leucine zipper motif; subunit of the MIS complex which controls mRNA methylation during during the induction of sporulation
ypl027w YPL027W SMA1 Protein of unknown function involved in prospore membrane assembly; involved in the assembly of the prospore membrane during sporulation; interacts with Spo14p
yml066c YML066C SMA2 Meiosis-specific prospore membrane protein; required to produce bending force necessary for proper assembly of the prospore membrane during sporulation
yol122c YOL122C SMF1 Divalent metal ion transporter; broad specificity for di-valent and tri-valent metals; post-translationally regulated by levels of metal ions; member of the Nramp family of metal transport proteins
yhr050w YHR050W SMF2 Divalent metal ion transporter involved in manganese homeostasis; has broad specificity for di-valent and tri-valent metals; post-translationally regulated by levels of metal ions; member of the Nramp family of metal transport proteins
ylr034c YLR034C SMF3 Putative divalent metal ion transporter involved in iron homeostasis; transcriptionally regulated by metal ions; member of the Nramp family of metal transport proteins; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr229c YGR229C SMI1 Protein involved in the regulation of cell wall synthesis; proposed to be involved in coordinating cell cycle progression with cell wall integrity
ypr054w YPR054W SMK1 Middle sporulation-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); required for production of the outer spore wall layers; negatively regulates activity of the glucan synthase subunit Gsc2p
yml058w YML058W SML1 Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor; involved in regulating dNTP production; regulated by Mec1p and Rad53p during DNA damage and S phase; SML1 has a paralog, DIF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynr015w YNR015W SMM1 Dihydrouridine synthase; member of a family of dihydrouridine synthases including Dus1p, Smm1p, Dus3p, and Dus4p; modifies uridine residues at position 20 of cytoplasmic tRNAs
ybr182c YBR182C SMP1 Putative transcription factor of the MADS-box family; involved in regulating the response to osmotic stress; SMP1 has a paralog, RLM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl079w YKL079W SMY1 Kinesin-like myosin passenger-protein; interacts with Myo2p; controls actin cable structure and dynamics; proposed to be involved in exocytosis
ybr172c YBR172C SMY2 GYF domain protein; involved in COPII vesicle formation; interacts with the Sec23p/Sec24p subcomplex; overexpression suppresses the temperature sensitivity of a myo2 mutant; similar to S. pombe Mpd2; SMY2 has a paralog, SYH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr525w-a YDR525W-A SNA2 Protein of unknown function; has similarity to Pmp3p, which is involved in cation transport; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
yjl151c YJL151C SNA3 Protein involved in efficient MVB sorting of proteins to the vacuole; may function as an RSP5 adapter protein for MVB cargos; integral membrane protein localized to vacuolar intralumenal vesicles
ydl123w YDL123W SNA4 Protein of unknown function; localized to the vacuolar outer membrane; predicted to be palmitoylated
yal030w YAL030W SNC1 Vesicle membrane receptor protein (v-SNARE); involved in the fusion between Golgi-derived secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane; proposed to be involved in endocytosis; member of the synaptobrevin/VAMP family of R-type v-SNARE proteins; SNC1 has a paralog, SNC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor327c YOR327C SNC2 Vesicle membrane receptor protein (v-SNARE); involved in the fusion between Golgi-derived secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane; Snc2p levels regulated by Vps45p; member of the synaptobrevin/VAMP family of R-type v-SNARE proteins; SNC2 has a paralog, SNC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr477w YDR477W SNF1 AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase; found in a complex containing Snf4p and members of the Sip1p/Sip2p/Gal83p family; required for transcription of glucose-repressed genes, thermotolerance, sporulation, and peroxisome biogenesis; involved in regulation of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Hxk2p; regulates filamentous growth in response to starvation; SUMOylation by Mms21p inhibits its function and targets Snf1p for destruction via the Slx5-Slx8 Ubiquitin ligase
ydr073w YDR073W SNF11 Subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex; involved in transcriptional regulation; interacts with a highly conserved 40-residue sequence of Snf2p; relocates to the cytosol under hypoxic conditions
ydl194w YDL194W SNF3 Plasma membrane low glucose sensor, regulates glucose transport; contains 12 predicted transmembrane segments and a long C-terminal tail required for induction of hexose transporters; also senses fructose and mannose; SNF3 has a paralog, RGT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl115w YGL115W SNF4 Activating gamma subunit of the AMP-activated Snf1p kinase complex; additional subunits of the complex are Snf1p and a Sip1p/Sip2p/Gal83p family member; activates glucose-repressed genes, represses glucose-induced genes; role in sporulation, and peroxisome biogenesis; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr289w YBR289W SNF5 Subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex; involved in transcriptional regulation; functions interdependently in transcriptional activation with Snf2p and Snf6p; relocates to the cytosol under hypoxic conditions
yhl025w YHL025W SNF6 Subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex; involved in transcriptional regulation; functions interdependently in transcriptional activation with Snf2p and Snf5p; relocates to the cytosol under hypoxic conditions
ylr025w YLR025W SNF7 One of four subunits of the ESCRT-III complex; involved in the sorting of transmembrane proteins into the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway; recruited from the cytoplasm to endosomal membranes; ESCRT-III stands for endosomal sorting complex required for transport III
ypl002c YPL002C SNF8 Component of the ESCRT-II complex; ESCRT-II is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; appears to be functionally related to SNF7; involved in glucose derepression
ygr197c YGR197C SNG1 Protein involved in resistance to nitrosoguanidine and 6-azauracil; expression is regulated by transcription factors involved in multidrug resistance; SNG1 has a paralog, YJR015W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil016w YIL016W SNL1 Ribosome-associated protein; proposed to act in protein synthesis and nuclear pore complex biogenesis and maintenance as well as protein folding; has similarity to the mammalian BAG-1 protein
ynl086w YNL086W SNN1 Subunit of the BLOC-1 complex involved in endosomal maturation; interacts with Msb3p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to endosomes
ymr095c YMR095C SNO1 Protein of unconfirmed function; involved in pyridoxine metabolism; expression is induced during stationary phase; forms a putative glutamine amidotransferase complex with Snz1p, with Sno1p serving as the glutaminase
ynl334c YNL334C SNO2 Protein of unknown function; nearly identical to Sno3p; expression is induced before the diauxic shift and also in the absence of thiamin
ymr322c YMR322C SNO4 Possible chaperone and cysteine protease; similar to bacterial Hsp31 and yeast Hsp31p, Hsp32p, and Hsp33p; DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily member; predicted involvement in pyridoxine metabolism; induced by mild heat stress and copper deprivation
ydr011w YDR011W SNQ2 Plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; multidrug transporter involved in multidrug resistance and resistance to singlet oxygen species
ycr033w YCR033W SNT1 Subunit of the Set3C deacetylase complex; interacts directly with the Set3C subunit, Sif2p; putative DNA-binding protein; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ygl131c YGL131C SNT2 Subunit of Snt2C complex, RING finger ubiquitin ligase (E3); physically associates with Ecm5p and Rpd3p; along with Ecm5p, recruits Rpd3p to small number of promoters; colocalizes with Ecm5p, independently of Rpd3p, to promoters of stress response genes upon oxidative stress; involved in ubiquitylation, degradation of excess histones; interacts with Ubc4p; role in regulating genes encoding amine transporters; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ypr101w YPR101W SNT309 Member of the NineTeen Complex (NTC); this complex contains Prp19p and stabilizes U6 snRNA in catalytic forms of the spliceosome containing U2, U5, and U6 snRNAs; interacts physically and genetically with Prp19p
yor308c YOR308C SNU66 Component of the U4/U6.U5 snRNP complex; involved in pre-mRNA splicing via spliceosome; also required for pre-5S rRNA processing and may act in concert with Rnh70p; has homology to human SART-1
yor357c YOR357C SNX3 Sorting nexin for late-Golgi enzymes; required to maintain late-Golgi resident enzymes in their proper location by recycling molecules from the prevacuolar compartment; contains a PX domain and sequence similarity to human Snx3p
yjl036w YJL036W SNX4 Sorting nexin; involved in retrieval of late-Golgi SNAREs from post-Golgi endosomes to the trans-Golgi network and in cytoplasm to vacuole transport; contains a PX phosphoinositide-binding domain; forms complexes with Snx41p and with Atg20p
ydr425w YDR425W SNX41 Sorting nexin; involved in the retrieval of late-Golgi SNAREs from the post-Golgi endosome to the trans-Golgi network; interacts with Snx4p
ymr096w YMR096W SNZ1 Protein involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis; member of a stationary phase-induced gene family; coregulated with SNO1; interacts with Sno1p and with Yhr198p, perhaps as a multiprotein complex containing other Snz and Sno proteins
ynl333w YNL333W SNZ2 Member of a stationary phase-induced gene family; transcription of SNZ2 is induced prior to diauxic shift, and also in the absence of thiamin in a Thi2p-dependent manner; forms a coregulated gene pair with SNO2; interacts with Thi11p
yjr104c YJR104C SOD1 Cytosolic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase; detoxifies superoxide; stabilizes Yck1p and Yck2p kinases in glucose to repress respiration; phosphorylated by Dun1p and enters the nucleus under oxidative stress to promote transcription of stress response genes; human ortholog implicated in ALS; abundance increases under DNA replication stress and during exposure to boric acid; localization of a fraction to the mitochondrial intermembrane space is modulated by the MICOS complex
yhr008c YHR008C SOD2 Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase; protects cells against oxygen toxicity; phosphorylated
ygl127c YGL127C SOH1 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; involved in telomere maintenance; conserved with other metazoan MED31 subunits
ydr006c YDR006C SOK1 Protein of unknown function; overexpression suppresses the growth defect of mutants lacking protein kinase A activity; involved in cAMP-mediated signaling; localized to the nucleus; similar to the mouse testis-specific protein PBS13
ymr016c YMR016C SOK2 Nuclear protein that negatively regulates pseudohyphal differentiation; plays a regulatory role in the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signal transduction pathway; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; SOK2 has a paralog, PHD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynr034w YNR034W SOL1 Protein with a possible role in tRNA export; shows similarity to 6-phosphogluconolactonase non-catalytic domains but does not exhibit this enzymatic activity; homologous to Sol3p and Sol4p; SOL1 has a paralog, SOL2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yhr163w YHR163W SOL3 6-phosphogluconolactonase; catalyzes the second step of the pentose phosphate pathway; weak multicopy suppressor of los1-1 mutation; homologous to Sol2p and Sol1p; SOL3 has a paralog, SOL4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr248w YGR248W SOL4 6-phosphogluconolactonase; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; SOL4 has a paralog, SOL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl192c YJL192C SOP4 ER-membrane protein; suppressor of pma1-7, deletion of SOP4 slows down the export of wild-type Pma1p and Pma1-7 from the ER
ymr066w YMR066W SOV1 Mitochondrial protein of unknown function
yll021w YLL021W SPA2 Component of the polarisome; functions in actin cytoskeletal organization during polarized growth; acts as a scaffold for Mkk1p and Mpk1p cell wall integrity signaling components; potential Cdc28p substrate; coding sequence contains length polymorphisms in different strains; SPA2 has a paralog, SPH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr010c-a YJR010C-A SPC1 Subunit of the signal peptidase complex (SPC); SPC cleaves the signal sequence from proteins targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); homolog of the SPC12 subunit of mammalian signal peptidase complex; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yml055w YML055W SPC2 Subunit of signal peptidase complex; complex catalyzes cleavage of N-terminal signal sequences of proteins targeted to the secretory pathway; homologous to mammalian SPC25; other members of the complex are Spc1p, Spc1p, and Sec11p
yal047c YAL047C SPC72 Component of the cytoplasmic Tub4p (gamma-tubulin) complex; binds spindle pole bodies and links them to microtubules; is regulated by Cdc5 kinase; has roles in astral microtubule formation and stabilization
ykl184w YKL184W SPE1 Ornithine decarboxylase; catalyzes the first step in polyamine biosynthesis; degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner in the presence of excess polyamines; deletion decreases lifespan, and increases necrotic cell death and ROS generation
yol052c YOL052C SPE2 S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; required for the biosynthesis of spermidine and spermine; cells lacking Spe2p require spermine or spermidine for growth in the presence of oxygen but not when grown anaerobically
ypr069c YPR069C SPE3 Spermidine synthase; involved in biosynthesis of spermidine and also in biosynthesis of pantothenic acid; spermidine is required for growth of wild-type cells
ylr146c YLR146C SPE4 Spermine synthase; required for the biosynthesis of spermine and also involved in biosynthesis of pantothenic acid
yel031w YEL031W SPF1 P-type ATPase, ion transporter of the ER membrane; required to maintain normal lipid composition of intracellular compartments and proper targeting of mitochondrial outer membrane tail-anchored proteins; involved in ER function and Ca2+ homeostasis; required for regulating Hmg2p degradation; confers sensitivity to a killer toxin (SMKT) produced by Pichia farinosa KK1
ygr236c YGR236C SPG1 Protein required for high temperature survival during stationary phase; not required for growth on nonfermentable carbon sources; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ydr504c YDR504C SPG3 Protein required for high temperature survival during stationary phase; not required for growth on nonfermentable carbon sources
ymr107w YMR107W SPG4 Protein required for high temperature survival during stationary phase; not required for growth on nonfermentable carbon sources
ymr191w YMR191W SPG5 Protein required for proteasome assembly during quiescence; binds to base of the proteasome regulartory particle; required for survival at high temperature during stationary phase; not required for growth on nonfermentable carbon sources
ylr313c YLR313C SPH1 Protein involved in shmoo formation and bipolar bud site selection; localizes to sites of polarized growth in a cell cycle dependent- and Spa2p-dependent manner, interacts with MAPKKs Mkk1p, Mkk2p, and Ste7p; SPH1 has a paralog, SPA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer150w YER150W SPI1 GPI-anchored cell wall protein involved in weak acid resistance; basal expression requires Msn2p/Msn4p; expression is induced under conditions of stress and during the diauxic shift; SPI1 has a paralog, SED1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr136c YHR136C SPL2 Protein with similarity to cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors; downregulates low-affinity phosphate transport during phosphate limitation by targeting Pho87p to the vacuole; upstream region harbors putative hypoxia response element (HRE) cluster; overproduction suppresses a plc1 null mutation; promoter shows an increase in Snf2p occupancy after heat shock; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ynl012w YNL012W SPO1 Meiosis-specific prospore protein; required for meiotic spindle pole body duplication and separation; required to produce bending force necessary for proper prospore membrane assembly during sporulation; has similarity to phospholipase B
yhl022c YHL022C SPO11 Meiosis-specific protein that initiates meiotic recombination; initiates meiotic recombination by catalyzing the formation of double-strand breaks in DNA via a transesterification reaction; required for homologous chromosome pairing and synaptonemal complex formation
yhr152w YHR152W SPO12 Nucleolar protein of unknown function; positive regulator of mitotic exit; involved in regulating release of Cdc14p from the nucleolus in early anaphase, may play similar role in meiosis; SPO12 has a paralog, BNS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr014w YHR014W SPO13 Meiotic regulator; involved in maintaining sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis I as well as promoting proper attachment of kinetochores to the spindle during meiosis I and meiosis II; anaphase-promoting complex (APC) substrate that is degraded during anaphase I; expressed only in meiotic cells
ykr031c YKR031C SPO14 Phospholipase D; catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, producing choline and phosphatidic acid; involved in Sec14p-independent secretion; required for meiosis and spore formation; differently regulated in secretion and meiosis; participates in transcription initiation and/or early elongation of specific genes; interacts with "foot domain" of RNA polymerase II; deletion results in abnormal CTD-Ser5 phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II at specific promoter regions
yhr153c YHR153C SPO16 Meiosis-specific protein involved in synaptonemal complex assembly; implicated in regulation of crossover formation; required for sporulation
ypl130w YPL130W SPO19 Meiosis-specific prospore protein; required to produce bending force necessary for proper assembly of the prospore membrane during sporulation; identified as a weak high-copy suppressor of the spo1-1 ts mutation; SPO19 has a paralog, YOR214C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr017w YMR017W SPO20 Meiosis-specific subunit of the t-SNARE complex; required for prospore membrane formation during sporulation; similar to but not functionally redundant with Sec9p; SNAP-25 homolog
yol091w YOL091W SPO21 Component of the meiotic outer plaque of the spindle pole body; involved in modifying the meiotic outer plaque that is required prior to prospore membrane formation; SPO21 has a paralog, YSW1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil073c YIL073C SPO22 Meiosis-specific protein essential for chromosome synapsis; involved in completion of nuclear divisions during meiosis; induced early in meiosis
ybr250w YBR250W SPO23 Protein of unknown function; associates with meiosis-specific protein Spo1p
yal009w YAL009W SPO7 Putative regulatory subunit of Nem1p-Spo7p phosphatase holoenzyme; regulates nuclear growth by controlling phospholipid biosynthesis, required for normal nuclear envelope morphology, premeiotic replication, and sporulation
ydr104c YDR104C SPO71 Meiosis-specific protein required for spore wall formation; localizes to prospore membrane (PSM) and is required for PSM closure during sporulation; mediates PSM size; interacts with Spo1p and Vps13p and recruits Vps13p to the PSM during sporulation; mutants exhibit reduction in PSM PtdIns-phosphate pools; dispensable for both nuclear divisions during meiosis; contains two PH domains
yer046w YER046W SPO73 Meiosis-specific protein of unknown function; required for spore wall formation during sporulation; dispensible for both nuclear divisions during meiosis
ygl170c YGL170C SPO74 Component of the meiotic outer plaque of the spindle pole body; involved in modifying the meiotic outer plaque that is required prior to prospore membrane formation
yll005c YLL005C SPO75 Meiosis-specific protein of unknown function; required for spore wall formation during sporulation; dispensable for both nuclear divisions during meiosis
ylr341w YLR341W SPO77 Meiosis-specific protein of unknown function; required for spore wall formation during sporulation; dispensable for both nuclear divisions during meiosis
ypl138c YPL138C SPP1 Subunit of COMPASS (Set1C); a complex which methylates histone H3 on lysine 4 and is required in telomeric transcriptional silencing; interacts with Orc2p; PHD finger domain protein similar to human CGBP, an unmethylated CpG binding protein; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
yor190w YOR190W SPR1 Sporulation-specific exo-1,3-beta-glucanase; contributes to ascospore thermoresistance; SPR1 has a paralog, EXG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr218c YDR218C SPR28 Sporulation-specific homolog of the CDC3/10/11/12 family of genes; meiotic septin expressed at high levels during meiotic divisions and ascospore formation; the yeast CDC3/10/11/12 family is a family of bud neck microfilament genes
ygr059w YGR059W SPR3 Sporulation-specific homolog of the CDC3/10/11/12 family of genes; septin protein involved in sporulation; regulated by ABFI; the yeast CDC3/10/11/12 family is a family of bud neck microfilament genes
yer115c YER115C SPR6 Protein of unknown function; expressed during sporulation; not required for sporulation, but gene exhibits genetic interactions with other genes required for sporulation
ydr523c YDR523C SPS1 Putative protein serine/threonine kinase; expressed at the end of meiosis and localized to the prospore membrane; required for correct localization of enzymes involved in spore wall synthesis
yhr139c YHR139C SPS100 Protein required for spore wall maturation; expressed during sporulation; may be a component of the spore wall; expression also induced in cells treated with the mycotoxin patulin; SPS100 has a paralog, YGP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl204c YNL204C SPS18 Protein of unknown function, contains a putative zinc-binding domain; expressed during sporulation; SPS18 has a paralog, GCS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl202w YNL202W SPS19 Peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase; auxiliary enzyme of fatty acid beta-oxidation; homodimeric enzyme required for growth and sporulation on petroselineate medium; expression induced during late sporulation and in the presence of oleate
ydr522c YDR522C SPS2 Protein expressed during sporulation; SPS2 has a paralog, SPS22, that arose from the whole genome duplication; redundant with Sps22p for organization of the beta-glucan layer of the spore wall; S. pombe ortholog is a spore wall component
ycl048w YCL048W SPS22 Protein of unknown function; SPS22 has a paralog, SPS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication; redundant with Sps2p for the organization of the beta-glucan layer of the spore wall
yor313c YOR313C SPS4 Protein whose expression is induced during sporulation; not required for sporulation; heterologous expression in E. coli induces the SOS response that senses DNA damage
yjl127c YJL127C SPT10 Putative histone acetylase with a role in transcriptional silencing; sequence-specific activator of histone genes, binds specifically and cooperatively to pairs of UAS elements in core histone promoters, functions at or near the TATA box
yer161c YER161C SPT2 Protein involved in negative regulation of transcription; required for RNA polyadenylation; exhibits regulated interactions with both histones and SWI-SNF components; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; similar to mammalian HMG1 proteins
yol148c YOL148C SPT20 Subunit of the SAGA transcriptional regulatory complex; involved in maintaining the integrity of the complex; mutant displays reduced transcription elongation in the G-less-based run-on (GLRO) assay
ymr179w YMR179W SPT21 Protein with a role in transcriptional silencing; required for normal transcription at several loci including HTA2-HTB2 and HHF2-HHT2, but not required at the other histone loci; functionally related to Spt10p; localizes to nuclear foci that become diffuse upon DNA replication stress
ykl020c YKL020C SPT23 ER membrane protein involved in regulation of OLE1 transcription; inactive ER form dimerizes and one subunit is then activated by ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent processing followed by nuclear targeting; SPT23 has a paralog, MGA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr392w YDR392W SPT3 Subunit of the SAGA and SAGA-like transcriptional regulatory complexes; interacts with Spt15p to activate transcription of some RNA polymerase II-dependent genes, also functions to inhibit transcription at some promoters; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ygr063c YGR063C SPT4 Component of the universally conserved Spt4/5 complex (DSIF complex); the complex has multiple roles in concert with RNA polymerases I and II, including regulation of transcription elongation, RNA processing, quality control, and transcription-coupled DNA repair; Spt4p also localizes to kinetochores and heterochromatin and affects chromosome dynamics and silencing; required for transcription through lengthy trinucleotide repeats in ORFs or non-protein coding regions
ybr081c YBR081C SPT7 Subunit of the SAGA transcriptional regulatory complex; involved in proper assembly of the complex; also present as a C-terminally truncated form in the SLIK/SALSA transcriptional regulatory complex
ylr055c YLR055C SPT8 Subunit of the SAGA transcriptional regulatory complex; not present in SAGA-like complex SLIK/SALSA; required for SAGA-mediated inhibition at some promoters
ynl224c YNL224C SQS1 Protein that stimulates the ATPase and helicase activities of Prp43p; acts with Prp43p to stimulate 18s rRNA maturation by Nob1p; overexpression antagonizes the suppression of splicing defects by spp382 mutants; component of pre-ribosomal particles; relocalizes from nucleus to nucleolus upon DNA replication stress
yhr041c YHR041C SRB2 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; general transcription factor involved in telomere maintenance
ygr104c YGR104C SRB5 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; essential for transcriptional regulation; required for proper termination of transcription for some genes; involved in telomere maintenance
yml033w YML034W SRC1 Inner nuclear membrane protein; highly enriched at telomeres and subtelomeric regions; functions in regulation of subtelomeric genes and is linked to TREX (transcription export) factors; SRC1 produces 2 splice variant proteins with different functions; alternative splicing of SRC1 pre-mRNA is promoted by Hub1p; mutant has aneuploidy tolerance; SEC1 has a paralog, HEH2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml034w YML034W SRC1 Inner nuclear membrane protein; highly enriched at telomeres and subtelomeric regions; functions in regulation of subtelomeric genes and is linked to TREX (transcription export) factors; SRC1 produces 2 splice variant proteins with different functions; alternative splicing of SRC1 pre-mRNA is promoted by Hub1p; mutant has aneuploidy tolerance; SEC1 has a paralog, HEH2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl133w YDL133W SRF1 Regulator of phospholipase D (Spo14p); interacts with Spo14p and regulates its catalytic activity; capable of buffering the toxicity of C16:0 platelet activating factor, a lipid that accumulates intraneuronally in Alzheimer's patients
yor247w YOR247W SRL1 Mannoprotein that exhibits a tight association with the cell wall; required for cell wall stability in the absence of GPI-anchored mannoproteins; has a high serine-threonine content; expression is induced in cell wall mutants; SRL1 has a paralog, SVS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr082c YLR082C SRL2 Protein of unknown function; overexpression suppresses the lethality caused by a rad53 null mutation
ykr091w YKR091W SRL3 GTB motif (G1/S transcription factor binding) containing protein; binds SBF-regulated promoters in hydroxyurea-treated cells; when overexpressed, suppresses the lethality of a rad53 null mutation; potential Cdc28p substrate; SRL3 has a paralog, WHI5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl033c YPL033C SRL4 Protein of unknown function; involved in regulation of dNTP production; null mutant suppresses the lethality of lcd1 and rad53 mutations; expression is induced by Kar4p
ylr119w YLR119W SRN2 Component of the ESCRT-I complex; ESCRT-I is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; suppressor of rna1-1 mutation; may be involved in RNA export from nucleus
ypr032w YPR032W SRO7 Effector of Rab GTPase Sec4p; forms a complex with Sec4p and t-SNARE Sec9p; involved in exocytosis and docking and fusion of post-Golgi vesicles with plasma membrane; homolog of Drosophila lgl tumor suppressor; SRO7 has a paralog, SRO77, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl106c YBL106C SRO77 Protein with roles in exocytosis and cation homeostasis; functions in docking and fusion of post-Golgi vesicles with plasma membrane; homolog of Drosophila lethal giant larvae tumor suppressor; interacts with SNARE protein Sec9p; SRO77 has a paralog, SRO7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycl037c YCL037C SRO9 Cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein; shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm and is exported from the nucleus in an mRNA export-dependent manner; associates with translating ribosomes; involved in heme regulation of Hap1p as a component of the HMC complex, also involved in the organization of actin filaments; contains a La motif; SRO9 has a paralog, SLF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr092c YKR092C SRP40 Nucleolar serine-rich protein; role in preribosome assembly or transport; may function as a chaperone of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs); immunologically and structurally to rat Nopp140
yjl092w YJL092W SRS2 DNA helicase and DNA-dependent ATPase; involved in DNA repair and checkpoint recovery, needed for proper timing of commitment to meiotic recombination and transition from Meiosis I to II; blocks trinucleotide repeat expansion; affects genome stability; disassembles Rad51p nucleoprotein filaments during meiotic recombination
ymr101c YMR101C SRT1 Cis-prenyltransferase; involved in synthesis of long-chain dolichols (19-22 isoprene units; as opposed to Rer2p which synthesizes shorter-chain dolichols); localizes to lipid bodies; transcription is induced during stationary phase
ynl138w YNL138W SRV2 CAP (cyclase-associated protein); N-terminus binds adenylate cyclase and facilitates activation by RAS; N-terminus forms novel hexameric star-shaped shuriken structures that directly catalyze cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments; C-terminus, in physically and genetically separate activity, binds and recycles cofilin bound, ADP-actin monomers, facilitating regulation of actin dynamics and cell morphogenesis
ykl086w YKL086W SRX1 Sulfiredoxin; contributes to oxidative stress resistance by reducing cysteine-sulfinic acid groups in the peroxiredoxin Tsa1p, which is formed upon exposure to oxidants; conserved in higher eukaryotes; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykl218c YKL218C SRY1 3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase; deaminates L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate to form oxaloacetate and ammonia; required in the presence of hydroxyaspartate; highly similar to mouse serine racemase (Srr) but has no serine racemase activity
yal005c YAL005C SSA1 ATPase involved in protein folding and NLS-directed nuclear transport; member of HSP70 family; forms chaperone complex with Ydj1p; localized to nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell wall; 98% identical with paralog Ssa2p, but subtle differences between the two proteins provide functional specificity with respect to propagation of yeast [URE3] prions and vacuolar-mediated degradations of gluconeogenesis enzymes; general targeting factor of Hsp104p to prion fibrils
yll024c YLL024C SSA2 ATP-binding protein; involved in protein folding and vacuolar import of proteins; member of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family; associated with the chaperonin-containing T-complex; present in the cytoplasm, vacuolar membrane and cell wall; 98% identical with paralog Ssa1p, but subtle differences between the two proteins provide functional specificity with respect to propagation of yeast [URE3] prions and vacuolar-mediated degradations of gluconeogenesis enzymes
ybl075c YBL075C SSA3 ATPase involved in protein folding and the response to stress; plays a role in SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting and translocation; member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family; localized to the cytoplasm; SSA3 has a paralog, SSA4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer103w YER103W SSA4 Heat shock protein that is highly induced upon stress; plays a role in SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting and translocation; member of the HSP70 family; cytoplasmic protein that concentrates in nuclei upon starvation; SSA4 has a paralog, SSA3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl229w YDL229W SSB1 Cytoplasmic ATPase that is a ribosome-associated molecular chaperone; functions with J-protein partner Zuo1p; may be involved in folding of newly-made polypeptide chains; member of the HSP70 family; interacts with phosphatase subunit Reg1p; SSB1 has a paralog, SSB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr293c YDR293C SSD1 Translational repressor with a role in polar growth and wall integrity; regulated by Cbk1p phosphorylation to effect bud-specific translational control and localization of specific mRNAs; interacts with TOR pathway components; contains a functional N-terminal nuclear localization sequence and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling appears to be critical to Ssd1p function
ypl106c YPL106C SSE1 ATPase component of heat shock protein Hsp90 chaperone complex; plays a role in determining prion variants; binds unfolded proteins; member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family; localized to the cytoplasm; deletion results in spindle elongation in S phase; SSE1 has a paralog, SSE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr169c YBR169C SSE2 Member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family; may be involved in protein folding; localized to the cytoplasm; SSE2 has a paralog, SSE1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr066w YHR066W SSF1 Constituent of 66S pre-ribosomal particles; required for ribosomal large subunit maturation; functionally redundant with Ssf2p; member of the Brix family; SSF1 has a paralog, SSF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr312w YDR312W SSF2 Protein required for ribosomal large subunit maturation; functionally redundant with Ssf1p; member of the Brix family; SSF2 has a paralog, SSF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr283c YBR283C SSH1 Subunit of the Ssh1 translocon complex; Sec61p homolog involved in co-translational pathway of protein translocation; not essential
ykl124w YKL124W SSH4 Specificity factor required for Rsp5p-dependent ubiquitination; also required for sorting of cargo proteins at the multivesicular body; identified as a high-copy suppressor of a SHR3 deletion, increasing steady-state levels of amino acid permeases
ylr006c YLR006C SSK1 Cytoplasmic response regulator; part of a two-component signal transducer that mediates osmosensing via a phosphorelay mechanism; required for mitophagy; dephosphorylated form is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system; potential Cdc28p substrate
ynr031c YNR031C SSK2 MAP kinase kinase kinase of HOG1 mitogen-activated signaling pathway; interacts with Ssk1p, leading to autophosphorylation and activation of Ssk2p which phosphorylates Pbs2p; also mediates actin cytoskeleton recovery from osmotic stress; a HOG-independent function of Ssk2p mediates the calcium-sensitive phenotype of the ptp2 msg5 double disruptant; SSK2 has a paralog, SSK22, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr073c YCR073C SSK22 MAP kinase kinase kinase of HOG1 mitogen-activated signaling pathway; functionally redundant with Ssk2p; interacts with and is activated by Ssk1p; phosphorylates Pbs2p; SSK22 has a paralog, SSK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil030c YIL030C SSM4 Ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in ER-associated protein degradation; located in the ER/nuclear envelope; ssm4 mutation suppresses mRNA instability caused by an rna14 mutation
ydr443c YDR443C SSN2 Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; required for stable association of Srb10p-Srb11p kinase; essential for transcriptional regulation
ypl042c YPL042C SSN3 Cyclin-dependent protein kinase; component of RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; involved in phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain; involved in glucose repression
ynl025c YNL025C SSN8 Cyclin-like component of the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; involved in phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain; forms a kinase-cyclin pair in the RNAPII holoenzyme with Ssn3p; required for both entry into and execution of the meiotic program; involved in glucose repression and telomere maintenance; cyclin homolog 35% identical to human cyclin C
ypl232w YPL232W SSO1 Plasma membrane t-SNARE; involved in fusion of secretory vesicles at the plasma membrane and in vesicle fusion during sporulation; forms a complex with Sec9p that binds v-SNARE Snc2p; syntaxin homolog; functionally redundant with Sso2p; SSO1 has a paralog, SSO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr183c YMR183C SSO2 Plasma membrane t-SNARE; involved in fusion of secretory vesicles at the plasma membrane; syntaxin homolog that is functionally redundant with Sso1p; SSO2 has a paralog, SSO1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr184w YHR184W SSP1 Protein involved in the control of meiotic nuclear division; also involved in the coordination of meiosis with spore formation; transcription is induced midway through meiosis
ylr250w YLR250W SSP120 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
yor242c YOR242C SSP2 Sporulation specific protein that localizes to the spore wall; required for sporulation at a point after meiosis II and during spore wall formation; SSP2 expression is induced midway in meiosis
ylr369w YLR369W SSQ1 Mitochondrial hsp70-type molecular chaperone; required for assembly of iron/sulfur clusters into proteins at a step after cluster synthesis, and for maturation of Yfh1p, which is a homolog of human frataxin implicated in Friedreich's ataxia
ylr452c YLR452C SST2 GTPase-activating protein for Gpa1p; regulates desensitization to alpha factor pheromone; also required to prevent receptor-independent signaling of the mating pathway; member of the RGS (regulator of G-protein signaling) family
ypl092w YPL092W SSU1 Plasma membrane sulfite pump involved in sulfite metabolism; required for efficient sulfite efflux; major facilitator superfamily protein
yhr064c YHR064C SSZ1 Hsp70 protein that interacts with Zuo1p (a DnaJ homolog); interacts with Zuo1p to form a ribosome-associated complex that binds the ribosome via the Zuo1p subunit; also involved in pleiotropic drug resistance via sequential activation of PDR1 and PDR5; binds ATP
ynl309w YNL309W STB1 Protein with role in regulation of MBF-specific transcription at Start; phosphorylated by Cln-Cdc28p kinases in vitro; unphosphorylated form binds Swi6p, which is required for Stb1p function; expression is cell-cycle regulated; STB1 has a paralog, YOL131W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr053c YMR053C STB2 Protein that interacts with Sin3p in a two-hybrid assay; part of a large protein complex with Sin3p and Stb1p; STB2 has a paralog, STB6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr169c YDR169C STB3 Ribosomal RNA processing element (RRPE)-binding protein; involved in the glucose-induced transition from quiescence to growth; restricted to nucleus in quiescent cells, released into cytoplasm after glucose repletion; binds Sin3p; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ymr019w YMR019W STB4 Putative transcription factor; contains a Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc finger domain characteristic of DNA-binding proteins; computational analysis suggests a role in regulation of expression of genes encoding transporters; binds Sin3p in a two-hybrid assay;
yhr178w YHR178W STB5 Transcription factor; involved in regulating multidrug resistance and oxidative stress response; forms a heterodimer with Pdr1p; contains a Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc finger domain that interacts with a pleiotropic drug resistance element in vitro
ykl072w YKL072W STB6 Protein that binds Sin3p in a two-hybrid assay; STB6 has a paralog, STB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor047c YOR047C STD1 Protein involved in control of glucose-regulated gene expression; interacts with kinase Snf1p, glucose sensors Snf3p and Rgt2p, TATA-binding Spt15p; regulator of transcription factor Rgt1p; interactions with Pma1p appear to propagate [GAR+]; STD1 has a paralog, MTH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr362w YLR362W STE11 Signal transducing MEK kinase; involved in pheromone response and pseudohyphal/invasive growth pathways where it phosphorylates Ste7p, and the high osmolarity response pathway, via phosphorylation of Pbs2p; regulated by Ste20p and Ste50p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor219c YOR219C STE13 Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase; Golgi integral membrane protein that cleaves on the carboxyl side of repeating -X-Ala- sequences, required for maturation of alpha factor, transcription is induced by a-factor
ydr410c YDR410C STE14 Farnesyl cysteine-carboxyl methyltransferase; mediates the carboxyl methylation step during C-terminal CAAX motif processing of a-factor and RAS proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, localizes to the ER membrane
yfl026w YFL026W STE2 Receptor for alpha-factor pheromone; seven transmembrane-domain GPCR that interacts with both pheromone and a heterotrimeric G protein to initiate the signaling response that leads to mating between haploid a and alpha cells
yhl007c YHL007C STE20 Cdc42p-activated signal transducing kinase; involved in pheromone response, pseudohyphal/invasive growth, vacuole inheritance, down-regulation of sterol uptake; GBB motif binds Ste4p; member of the PAK (p21-activated kinase) family
ylr389c YLR389C STE23 Metalloprotease; involved in N-terminal processing of pro-a-factor to the mature form; expressed in both haploids and diploids; member of the insulin-degrading enzyme family; homolog Axl1p is also involved in processing of pro-a-factor
yjr117w YJR117W STE24 Highly conserved zinc metalloprotease; functions in two steps of a-factor maturation, C-terminal CAAX proteolysis and the first step of N-terminal proteolytic processing; contains multiple transmembrane spans
ykl178c YKL178C STE3 Receptor for a factor pheromone; couples to MAP kinase cascade to mediate pheromone response; transcribed in alpha cells and required for mating by alpha cells, ligand bound receptors endocytosed and recycled to the plasma membrane; GPCR
yor212w YOR212W STE4 G protein beta subunit; forms a dimer with Ste18p to activate the mating signaling pathway, forms a heterotrimer with Gpa1p and Ste18p to dampen signaling; may recruit Rho1p to the polarized growth site during mating; contains WD40 repeats
ydr103w YDR103W STE5 Pheromone-responsive MAPK scaffold protein; couples activation of the G-protein-coupled pheromone receptor to MAPK activation; intramolecular interaction of PH and VWA domains blocks activation of assembled signaling cascade components (Ste11p, Ste7p and Fus3p) under basal conditions; Gbeta-gamma (Ste4p-Ste18p)-dependent docking at the plasma membrane and binding of PI(4,5)P2 by the PH domain relieves autoinhibition, resulting in pheromone-dependent pathway activation
ycl032w YCL032W STE50 Protein involved in mating response; invasive/filamentous growth, and osmotolerance, acts as an adaptor that links G protein-associated Cdc42p-Ste20p complex to the effector Ste11p to modulate signal transduction
ydl159w YDL159W STE7 Signal transducing MAP kinase kinase; involved in pheromone response where it phosphorylates Fus3p; involved in the pseudohyphal/invasive growth pathway where it phosphorylates of Kss1p; phosphorylated by Ste11p; degraded by ubiquitin pathway
ydl130w-a YDL130W-A STF1 Protein involved in regulation of the mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase; Stf1p and Stf2p act as stabilizing factors that enhance inhibitory action of the Inh1p protein; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; STF1 has a paralog, INH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr008c YGR008C STF2 Protein involved in resistance to desiccation stress; Stf2p exhibits antioxidant properties, and its overexpression prevents ROS accumulation and apoptosis; binds to F0 sector of mitochondrial F1F0 ATPase in vitro and may modulate the inhibitory action of Inh1p and Stf1p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; STF2 has a paralog, TMA10, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor027w YOR027W STI1 Hsp90 cochaperone; interacts with the Ssa group of the cytosolic Hsp70 chaperones and activates Ssa1p ATPase activity; interacts with Hsp90 chaperones and inhibits their ATPase activity; homolog of mammalian Hop
ydr536w YDR536W STL1 Glycerol proton symporter of the plasma membrane; subject to glucose-induced inactivation, strongly but transiently induced when cells are subjected to osmotic shock
ylr150w YLR150W STM1 Protein required for optimal translation under nutrient stress; perturbs association of Yef3p with ribosomes; involved in TOR signaling; binds G4 quadruplex and purine motif triplex nucleic acid; helps maintain telomere structure; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; serves as a ribosome preservation factor both during quiescence and recovery
ymr125w YMR125W STO1 Large subunit of the nuclear mRNA cap-binding protein complex; interacts with Npl3p to carry nuclear poly(A)+ mRNA to cytoplasm; also involved in nuclear mRNA degradation and telomere maintenance; orthologous to mammalian CBP80
ydr463w YDR463W STP1 Transcription factor; undergoes proteolytic processing by SPS (Ssy1p-Ptr3p-Ssy5p)-sensor component Ssy5p in response to extracellular amino acids; activates transcription of amino acid permease genes and may have a role in tRNA processing; STP1 has a paralog, STP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr006w YHR006W STP2 Transcription factor; activated by proteolytic processing in response to signals from the SPS sensor system for external amino acids; activates transcription of amino acid permease genes; STP2 has a paralog, STP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycl008c YCL008C STP22 Component of the ESCRT-I complex; ESCRT-I is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; homologous to the mouse and human Tsg101 tumor susceptibility gene; mutants exhibit a Class E Vps phenotype
ylr375w YLR375W STP3 Zinc-finger protein of unknown function; possibly involved in pre-tRNA splicing and in uptake of branched-chain amino acids; STP3 has a paralog, STP4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl048c YDL048C STP4 Protein containing a Kruppel-type zinc-finger domain; similar to Stp1p, Stp2p; predicted transcription factor; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; STP4 has a paralog, STP3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr130c YJR130C STR2 Cystathionine gamma-synthase, converts cysteine into cystathionine; STR2 has a paralog, YML082W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr054w YMR054W STV1 Subunit a of the vacuolar-ATPase V0 domain; one of two isoforms (Stv1p and Vph1p); Stv1p is located in V-ATPase complexes of the Golgi and endosomes while Vph1p is located in V-ATPase complexes of the vacuole
ymr039c YMR039C SUB1 Transcriptional coactivator; facilitates elongation through factors that modify RNAP II; role in peroxide resistance involving Rad2p; role in nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ); role in the hyperosmotic stress response through polymerase recruitment at RNAP II and RNAP III genes; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yil162w YIL162W SUC2 Invertase; sucrose hydrolyzing enzyme; a secreted, glycosylated form is regulated by glucose repression, and an intracellular, nonglycosylated enzyme is produced constitutively
ypr151c YPR151C SUE1 Protein required for degradation of unstable forms of cytochrome c; located in the mitochondria
ybr294w YBR294W SUL1 High affinity sulfate permease of the SulP anion transporter family; sulfate uptake is mediated by specific sulfate transporters Sul1p and Sul2p, which control the concentration of endogenous activated sulfate intermediates
ylr092w YLR092W SUL2 High affinity sulfate permease; sulfate uptake is mediated by specific sulfate transporters Sul1p and Sul2p, which control the concentration of endogenous activated sulfate intermediates
ydr310c YDR310C SUM1 Transcriptional repressor that regulates middle-sporulation genes; required for mitotic repression of middle sporulation-specific genes; also acts as general replication initiation factor; involved in telomere maintenance, chromatin silencing; regulated by pachytene checkpoint
ynl066w YNL066W SUN4 Cell wall protein related to glucanases; possibly involved in cell wall septation; member of the SUN family; SUN4 has a paralog, SIM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl057c YPL057C SUR1 Mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) synthase catalytic subunit; forms a complex with regulatory subunit Csg2p; function in sphingolipid biosynthesis is overlapping with that of Csh1p; SUR1 has a paralog, CSH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr297w YDR297W SUR2 Sphinganine C4-hydroxylase; catalyses the conversion of sphinganine to phytosphingosine in sphingolipid biosyntheis
ylr372w YLR372W SUR4 Elongase; involved in fatty acid and sphingolipid biosynthesis; synthesizes very long chain 20-26-carbon fatty acids from C18-CoA primers; involved in regulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis
yml052w YML052W SUR7 Plasma membrane protein of unknown function involved with endocytosis; associated with endocytosis along with Pil1p and Lsp1p; component of eisosomes; sporulation and plasma membrane sphingolipid content are altered in mutants; localizes to furrow-like invaginations (MCC patches)
ygl162w YGL162W SUT1 Transcription factor of the Zn(II)2Cys6 family; positively regulates genes involved in sterol uptake under anaerobic conditions; involved in hypoxic gene expression; represses filamentation-inducing genes during non-starvation conditions; positively regulates mating with SUT2 by repressing expression of genes which act as mating inhibitors; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; SUT1 has a paralog, SUT2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr009w YPR009W SUT2 Putative transcription factor of the Zn2Cys6 family; regulates sterol uptake under anaerobic conditions along with SUT1; multicopy suppressor of mutations that cause low activity of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway; positively regulates mating along with SUT1 by repressing the expression of genes (PRR2, NCE102 and RHO5) which function as mating inhibitors; SUT2 has a paralog, SUT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl029w YPL029W SUV3 ATP-dependent RNA helicase; component of the mitochondrial degradosome along with the RNase Dss1p; the degradosome associates with the ribosome and mediates RNA turnover; also required during splicing of the COX1 AI5_beta intron
ydr346c YDR346C SVF1 Protein with a potential role in cell survival pathways; required for the diauxic growth shift; expression in mammalian cells increases survival under conditions inducing apoptosis; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance
ypl032c YPL032C SVL3 Protein of unknown function; mutant phenotype suggests a potential role in vacuolar function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery, cytoplasm, bud, and bud neck; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; SVL3 has a paralog, PAM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr181w YHR181W SVP26 Integral membrane protein of the early Golgi apparatus and ER; involved in COP II vesicle transport; may also function to promote retention of proteins in the early Golgi compartment
ypl163c YPL163C SVS1 Cell wall and vacuolar protein; required for wild-type resistance to vanadate; SVS1 has a paralog, SRL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr320c YDR320C SWA2 Auxilin-like protein involved in vesicular transport; clathrin-binding protein required for uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles
yal011w YAL011W SWC3 Protein of unknown function; component of the SWR1 complex, which exchanges histone variant H2AZ (Htz1p) for chromatin-bound histone H2A; required for formation of nuclear-associated array of smooth endoplasmic reticulum known as karmellae
ybr231c YBR231C SWC5 Component of the SWR1 complex; complex exchanges histone variant H2AZ (Htz1p) for chromatin-bound histone H2A; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ylr385c YLR385C SWC7 Protein of unknown function; component of the Swr1p complex that incorporates Htz1p into chromatin
yar003w YAR003W SWD1 Subunit of the COMPASS (Set1C) complex; COMPASS methylates histone H3 on lysine 4 and is required in transcriptional silencing near telomeres; WD40 beta propeller superfamily member with similarity to mammalian Rbbp7
ybr175w YBR175W SWD3 Essential subunit of the COMPASS (Set1C) complex; COMPASS methylates histone H3 on lysine 4 and is required in transcriptional silencing near telomeres; WD40 beta propeller superfamily member and ortholog of mammalian WDR5
yjl187c YJL187C SWE1 Protein kinase that regulates the G2/M transition; regulates the G2/M transition by inhibition of Cdc28p kinase activity; localizes to the nucleus and to the daughter side of the mother-bud neck; phosphorylates conserved tyrosine residue in N-terminus of Hsp90 in cell-cycle associated manner, thus modulating the ability of Hsp90 to chaperone a selected clientele; homolog of S. pombe Wee1p; potential Cdc28p substrate
ydr126w YDR126W SWF1 Palmitoyltransferase that acts on transmembrane proteins; including the SNAREs Snc1p, Syn8p, Tlg1p and likely all SNAREs; contains an Asp-His-His-Cys-cysteine rich (DHHC-CRD) domain; may have a role in vacuole fusion
yjl176c YJL176C SWI3 Subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex; SWI/SNF regulates transcription by remodeling chromosomes; contains SANT domain that is required for SWI/SNF assembly; is essential for displacement of histone H2A-H2B dimers during ATP-dependent remodeling; required for transcription of many genes, including ADH1, ADH2, GAL1, HO, INO1 and SUC2; relocates to the cytosol under hypoxic conditions
yer111c YER111C SWI4 DNA binding component of the SBF complex (Swi4p-Swi6p); a transcriptional activator that in concert with MBF (Mbp1-Swi6p) regulates late G1-specific transcription of targets including cyclins and genes required for DNA synthesis and repair; Slt2p-independent regulator of cold growth; acetylation at two sites, K1016 and K1066, regulates interaction with Swi6p
ydr146c YDR146C SWI5 Transcription factor that recruits Mediator and Swi/Snf complexes; activates transcription of genes expressed at the M/G1 phase boundary and in G1 phase; required for expression of the HO gene controlling mating type switching; localization to nucleus occurs during G1 and appears to be regulated by phosphorylation by Cdc28p kinase; SWI5 has a paralog, ACE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr182w YLR182W SWI6 Transcription cofactor; forms complexes with Swi4p and Mbp1p to regulate transcription at the G1/S transition; involved in meiotic gene expression; also binds Stb1p to regulate transcription at START; cell wall stress induces phosphorylation by Mpk1p, which regulates Swi6p localization; required for the unfolded protein response, independently of its known transcriptional coactivators
ydr260c YDR260C SWM1 Subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC); APC is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates the metaphase-anaphase transition and exit from mitosis; required for activation of the daughter-specific gene expression and spore wall maturation
ynr004w YNR004W SWM2 Protein with a role in snRNA and snoRNA cap trimethylation; interacts with Tgs1p and shows similar phenotypes; required for trimethylation of the caps of spliceosomal snRNAs and the U3 snoRNA, and for efficient 3' end processing of U3 snoRNA; may act as a specificity factor for Tgs1p
yfl049w YFL049W SWP82 Member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex; has an as yet unidentified role in the complex; has identifiable counterparts in closely related yeast species; abundantly expressed in many growth conditions; paralog of Npl6p; relocates to the cytosol under hypoxic conditions
ydr334w YDR334W SWR1 Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase; structural component of the SWR1 complex, which exchanges histone variant H2AZ (Htz1p) for chromatin-bound histone H2A; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ynl081c YNL081C SWS2 Putative mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; has similarity to E. coli S13 ribosomal protein; participates in controlling sporulation efficiency; localizes to vacuole in response to H2O2
yor166c YOR166C SWT1 RNA endoribonuclease involved in perinuclear mRNP quality control; involved in perinuclear mRNP quality control via the turnover of aberrant, unprocessed pre-mRNAs; interacts with subunits of THO/TREX, TREX-2, and RNA polymerase II; contains a PIN (PilT N terminus) domain
ynl187w YNL187W SWT21 Protein involved in mRNA splicing; contains a consensus nuclear export signal (NES) sequence similar to the consensus sequence recognized by Crm1p; interacts genetically with Prp40p and Tgs1p; contains WD40 repeats
ydr395w YDR395W SXM1 Nuclear transport factor (karyopherin); involved in protein transport between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm; similar to Nmd5p, Cse1p, Lph2p, and the human cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein, CAS1
yor179c YOR179C SYC1 Subunit of the APT subcomplex of cleavage and polyadenylation factor; may have a role in 3' end formation of both polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated RNAs; SYC1 has a paralog, YSH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr129w YGR129W SYF2 Member of the NineTeen Complex (NTC); NTC contains Prp19p and stabilizes U6 snRNA in catalytic forms of the spliceosome containing U2, U5, and U6 snRNAs; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; isy1 syf2 cells have defective spindles activiating cell cycle arrest
yil047c YIL047C SYG1 Plasma membrane protein of unknown function; truncation and overexpression suppresses lethality of G-alpha protein deficiency
ypl105c YPL105C SYH1 Protein of unknown function that influences nuclear pore distribution; co-purifies with ribosomes; contains a GYF domain, which bind proline-rich sequences; deletion extends chronological lifespan; SYH1 has a paralog, SMY2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr251w YLR251W SYM1 Protein required for ethanol metabolism; induced by heat shock and localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane; homologous to mammalian peroxisomal membrane protein Mpv17
yal014c YAL014C SYN8 Endosomal SNARE related to mammalian syntaxin 8
ydl063c YDL063C SYO1 Transport adaptor or symportin; facilitates synchronized nuclear coimport of the two 5S-rRNA binding proteins Rpl5p and Rpl11p; required for biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus
yjl004c YJL004C SYS1 Integral membrane protein of the Golgi; required for targeting of the Arf-like GTPase Arl3p to the Golgi; multicopy suppressor of ypt6 null mutation
ypr095c YPR095C SYT1 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Arf proteins; promotes activation of Arl1p, which recruits Imh1p to the Golgi; involved in vesicular transport; member of the Sec7-domain family; contains a PH domain
ygl243w YGL243W TAD1 tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase; deaminates adenosine-37 to inosine in tRNA-Ala
ybr261c YBR261C TAE1 AdoMet-dependent proline methyltransferase; catalyzes the dimethylation of ribosomal proteins Rpl12 and Rps25 at N-terminal proline residues; has a role in protein synthesis; fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ypl009c YPL009C TAE2 Component of the ribosome quality control complex (RQC); RQC (Rqc1p-Rkr1p-Tae2p-Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p) is a ribosome-bound complex required for the degradation of polypeptides arising from stalled translation involved in protein translation; monitors translation stress and signals this to Hsf1p; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ypl129w YPL129W TAF14 Subunit of TFIID, TFIIF, INO80, SWI/SNF, and NuA3 complexes; involved in RNA polymerase II transcription initiation and in chromatin modification; contains a YEATS domain
ycr060w YCR060W TAH1 Component of conserved R2TP complex (Rvb1-Rvb2-Tah1-Pih1); R2TP complex interacts with Hsp90 (Hsp82p and Hsc82p) to mediate assembly of large protein complexes such as box C/D snoRNPs and RNA polymerase II; contains a single TPR domain with at least two TPR motifs; plays a role in determining prion variants
ylr354c YLR354C TAL1 Transaldolase, enzyme in the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway; converts sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to erythrose 4-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate; TAL1 has a paralog, NQM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl232w YGL232W TAN1 Putative tRNA acetyltransferase; RNA-binding protein required for the formation of the modified nucleoside N(4)-acetylcytidine in serine and leucine tRNAs but not required for the same modification in 18S rRNA; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr069c YBR069C TAT1 Amino acid transporter for valine, leucine, isoleucine, and tyrosine; low-affinity tryptophan and histidine transporter; overexpression confers FK506 and FTY720 resistance; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yol020w YOL020W TAT2 High affinity tryptophan and tyrosine permease; overexpression confers FK506 and FTY720 resistance
yjl083w YJL083W TAX4 EH domain-containing protein; involved in regulating phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels and autophagy; Irs4p and Tax4p bind and activate the PtdIns phosphatase Inp51p; Irs4p and Tax4p are involved in localizing Atg17p to the PAS; TAX4 has a paralog, IRS4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr140w YPR140W TAZ1 Lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase; required for normal phospholipid content of mitochondrial membranes; major determinant of the final acyl chain composition of the mitochondrial-specific phospholipid cardiolipin; mutations in human ortholog tafazzin cause Barth syndrome, a rare X-linked disease characterized by skeletal and cardiomyopathy and bouts of cyclic neutropenia
ybr150c YBR150C TBS1 Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; TBS1 has a paralog, HAL9, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel048c YEL048C TCA17 Component of transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex II; TRAPPII is a multimeric guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for the GTPase Ypt1p, regulating intra-Golgi and endosome-Golgi traffic; promotes association of TRAPPII-specific subunits with the TRAPP core complex; sedlin related; human Sedlin mutations cause SEDT, a skeletal disorder
yor086c YOR086C TCB1 Lipid-binding ER protein involved in ER-plasma membrane tethering; one of 6 proteins (Ist2p, Scs2p, Scs22p, Tcb1p, Tcb2p, Tcb3p) that connect ER to plasma membrane and regulate PI4P levels by controlling access of Sac1p phosphatase to its substrate PI4P in PM; contains 3 calcium and lipid binding domains; non-tagged protein also localizes to mitochondria; C-termini of Tcb1p, Tcb2p and Tcb3p interact; TCB1 has a paralog, TCB2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl087w YNL087W TCB2 ER protein involved in ER-plasma membrane tethering; one of 6 proteins (Ist2p, Scs2p, Scs22p, Tcb1p, Tcb2p, Tcb3p) that connect ER to plasma membrane (PM) and regulate PM phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) levels by controlling access of Sac1p phosphatase to its substrate PI4P in the PM; contains 3 calcium and lipid binding domains; mRNA is targeted to bud; TCB2 has a paralog, TCB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml072c YML072C TCB3 Cortical ER protein involved in ER-plasma membrane tethering; one of 6 proteins (Ist2p, Scs2p, Scs22p, Tcb1p, Tcb2p, Tcb3p) that connect ER to the plasma membrane (PM) and regulate PM phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) levels by controlling access of Sac1p phosphatase to its substrate PI4P in the PM; localized to the bud via specific mRNA transport; non-tagged protein detected in a phosphorylated state in mitochondria; C-termini of Tcb1p, Tcb2p and Tcb3p interact
yhr003c YHR003C TCD1 tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine dehydratase; required for the ct6A tRNA base modification, where an adenosine at position 37 is modified to form a cyclized active ester with an oxazolone ring; localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane; TCD1 has a paralog, TCD2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl027w YKL027W TCD2 tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine dehydratase; required for the ct6A tRNA base modification, where an adenosine at position 37 is modified to form a cyclized active ester with an oxazolone ring; localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane; TCD2 has a paralog, TCD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr044c YBR044C TCM62 Protein involved in assembly of the succinate dehydrogenase complex; mitochondrial; putative chaperone
ypl180w YPL180W TCO89 Subunit of TORC1 (Tor1p or Tor2p-Kog1p-Lst8p-Tco89p); regulates global H3K56ac; TORC1 complex regulates growth in response to nutrient availability; cooperates with Ssd1p in the maintenance of cellular integrity; deletion strains are hypersensitive to rapamycin
ymr291w YMR291W TDA1 Protein kinase of unknown cellular role; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele; not an essential gene; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ygr205w YGR205W TDA10 ATP-binding protein of unknown function; crystal structure resembles that of E.coli pantothenate kinase and other small kinases; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele
yhr159w YHR159W TDA11 Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; potential Cdc28p substrate; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele
yer071c YER071C TDA2 Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele
yhr009c YHR009C TDA3 Putative oxidoreductase involved in late endosome to Golgi transport; physical and genetical interactions with Btn2p; null mutant is viable, has extended S phase, and sensitive to expression of top1-T722A allele; similar to human FOXRED1
yjr116w YJR116W TDA4 Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele
ylr426w YLR426W TDA5 Putative protein of unknown function; detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; proposed to be involved in resistance to mechlorethamine and streptozotocin; null mutant sensitive to expression of top1-T722A allele
ypr157w YPR157W TDA6 Putative protein of unknown function; induced by treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele; TDA6 has a paralog, VPS62, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl176c YNL176C TDA7 Cell cycle-regulated gene of unknown function; promoter bound by Fkh2p; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele; TDA7 has a paralog, YDL211C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yal064c-a YAL064C-A TDA8 Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele; not an essential gene
yml081w YML081W TDA9 Transcription factor that regulates acetate production; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus; null mutant is sensitive to expression of the top1-T722A allele; not an essential gene; TDA9 has a paralog, RSF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl052w YJL052W TDH1 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), isozyme 1; involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; tetramer that catalyzes the reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3 bis-phosphoglycerate; detected in the cytoplasm and cell wall; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; GAPDH-derived antimicrobial peptides secreted by S. cerevisiae are active against a wide variety of wine-related yeasts and bateria
yjr009c YJR009C TDH2 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), isozyme 2; involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; tetramer that catalyzes reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3 bis-phosphoglycerate; detected in cytoplasm and cell wall; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; GAPDH-derived antimicrobial peptides are active against a wide variety of wine-related yeasts and bateria; TDH2 has a paralog, TDH3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr192c YGR192C TDH3 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), isozyme 3; involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; tetramer that catalyzes the reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3 bis-phosphoglycerate; detected in the cytoplasm and cell wall; GAPDH-derived antimicrobial peptides secreted by S. cerevisiae are active against a wide variety of wine-related yeasts and bateria; TDH3 has a paralog, TDH2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr223c YBR223C TDP1 Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I; hydrolyzes 3' and 5'-phosphotyrosyl bonds; involved in the repair of DNA lesions created by topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II; mutations in human homolog result in the neurodegenerative disease SCANI
yor337w YOR337W TEA1 Ty1 enhancer activator involved in Ty enhancer-mediated transcription; required for full levels of Ty enhancer-mediated transcription; C6 zinc cluster DNA-binding protein
ybr083w YBR083W TEC1 Transcription factor targeting filamentation genes and Ty1 expression; Ste12p activation of most filamentation gene promoters depends on Tec1p and Tec1p transcriptional activity is dependent on its association with Ste12p; binds to TCS elements upstream of filamentation genes, which are regulated by Tec1p/Ste12p/Dig1p complex; competes with Dig2p for binding to Ste12p/Dig1p; positive regulator of chronological life span; TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain family member
yil039w YIL039W TED1 Conserved phosphoesterase domain-containing protein; acts together with Emp24p/Erv25p in cargo exit from the ER; deletion confers sensitivity to 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsenoxide (GSAO)
ykl081w YKL081W TEF4 Gamma subunit of translational elongation factor eEF1B; stimulates the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA (AA-tRNA) to ribosomes by releasing eEF1A (Tef1p/Tef2p) from the ribosomal complex
ybl088c YBL088C TEL1 Protein kinase primarily involved in telomere length regulation; contributes to cell cycle checkpoint control in response to DNA damage; functionally redundant with Mec1p; regulates P-body formation induced by replication stress; homolog of human ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene, the gene responsible for ataxia telangiectasia (AT) (OMIM 607585)
ynl128w YNL128W TEP1 PTEN homolog with no demonstrated inositol lipid phosphatase activity; plays a role in normal sporulation; homolog of human tumor suppressor gene PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 and fission yeast ptn1
yjr019c YJR019C TES1 Peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase; likely to be involved in fatty acid oxidation rather than fatty acid synthesis; conserved protein also found in human peroxisomes; TES1 mRNA levels increase during growth on fatty acids
ynl253w YNL253W TEX1 Protein involved in mRNA export; component of the transcription export (TREX) complex
yor352w YOR352W TFB6 Subunit of TFIIH complex; facilities dissociation of the Ssl2p helices from TFIIH; expression levels regulated by Arg5,6p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus
ylr178c YLR178C TFS1 Protein that interacts with and inhibits carboxypeptidase Y and Ira2p; phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family member; targets to vacuolar membranes during stationary phase; acetylated by NatB N-terminal acetyltransferase; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykl140w YKL140W TGL1 Steryl ester hydrolase; one of three gene products (Yeh1p, Yeh2p, Tgl1p) responsible for steryl ester hydrolase activity and involved in sterol homeostasis; localized to lipid particle membranes
ydr058c YDR058C TGL2 Triacylglycerol lipase that is localized to the mitochondria; has lipolytic activity towards triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols when expressed in E. coli
ymr313c YMR313C TGL3 Bifunctional triacylglycerol lipase and LPE acyltransferase; major lipid particle-localized triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase; catalyzes acylation of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), a function which is essential for sporulation; required with Tgl4p for timely bud formation
ykr089c YKR089C TGL4 Multifunctional lipase/hydrolase/phospholipase; triacylglycerol lipase, steryl ester hydrolase, and Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2; catalyzes acyl-CoA dependent acylation of LPA to PA; required with Tgl3p for timely bud formation; phosphorylated and activated by Cdc28p; TGL4 has a paralog, TGL5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor081c YOR081C TGL5 Bifunctional triacylglycerol lipase and LPA acyltransferase; lipid particle-localized triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase involved in triacylglycerol mobilization; catalyzes acylation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA); potential Cdc28p substrate; TGL5 has a paralog, TGL4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl157w YPL157W TGS1 Trimethyl guanosine synthase, conserved nucleolar methyl transferase; converts the m(7)G cap structure of snRNAs, snoRNAs, and telomerase TLC1 RNA to m(2,2,7)G; also required for nucleolar assembly and splicing of meiotic pre-mRNAs; interacts with Swm2p, which may confer substrate specificity on Tgs1p
ynl332w YNL332W THI12 Protein involved in synthesis of the thiamine precursor HMP; member of a subtelomeric gene family including THI5, THI11, THI12, and THI13; hydroxymethylpyrimidine is also known as HMP
ybr240c YBR240C THI2 Transcriptional activator of thiamine biosynthetic genes; interacts with regulatory factor Thi3p to control expression of thiamine biosynthetic genes with respect to thiamine availability; acts together with Pdc2p to respond to thiaminediphosphate demand, possibly as related to carbon source availability; zinc finger protein of the Zn(II)2Cys6 type
yol055c YOL055C THI20 Trifunctional enzyme of thiamine biosynthesis, degradation and salvage; has hydroxymethylpyrimidine (HMP) kinase, HMP-phosphate (HMP-P) kinase and thiaminase activities; member of a gene family with THI21 and THI22; HMP and HMP-P kinase activity redundant with Thi21p
ypl258c YPL258C THI21 Hydroxymethylpyrimidine (HMP) and HMP-phosphate kinase; involved in thiamine biosynthesis; member of a gene family with THI20 and THI22; functionally redundant with Thi20p
ypr121w YPR121W THI22 Protein with similarity to hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate kinases; member of a gene family with THI20 and THI21; not required for thiamine biosynthesis
ydl080c YDL080C THI3 Regulatory protein that binds Pdc2p and Thi2p transcription factors; activates thiamine biosynthesis transcription factors Pdc2p and Thi2p by binding to them, but releases and de-activates them upon binding to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the end product of the pathway; has similarity to decarboxylases but enzymatic activity is not detected
ygr144w YGR144W THI4 Thiazole synthase; abundant protein involved in the formation of the thiazole moiety of thiamine during thiamine biosynthesis; acts more as a co-substrate rather than an enzyme by providing the sulphur source for thiazole formation; undergoes a single turnover only; required for mitochondrial genome stability in response to DNA damaging agents
ypl214c YPL214C THI6 Thiamine-phosphate diphosphorylase and hydroxyethylthiazole kinase; required for thiamine biosynthesis; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
ylr237w YLR237W THI7 Plasma membrane transporter responsible for the uptake of thiamine; member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters; mutation of human ortholog causes thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia
yor192c YOR192C THI72 Transporter of thiamine or related compound; shares sequence similarity with Thi7p
ylr004c YLR004C THI73 Putative plasma membrane permease; proposed to be involved in carboxylic acid uptake and repressed by thiamine; substrate of Dbf2p/Mob1p kinase; transcription is altered if mitochondrial dysfunction occurs
ydr438w YDR438W THI74 Mitochondrial transporter repressible by thiamine; THI74 has a paralog, YML018C, that arose from the whole genome duplication; shows sequence homology to human gene SLC35F3, a thiamine transporter implicated in hypertension
yer063w YER063W THO1 Conserved nuclear RNA-binding protein; specifically binds to transcribed chromatin in a THO- and RNA-dependent manner, genetically interacts with shuttling hnRNP NAB2; overproduction suppresses transcriptional defect caused by hpr1 mutation
ynl139c YNL139C THO2 Subunit of the THO complex; THO is required for efficient transcription elongation and involved in transcriptional elongation-associated recombination; required for LacZ RNA expression from certain plasmids
yol072w YOL072W THP1 Nuclear pore-associated protein; component of TREX-2 complex (Sac3p-Thp1p-Sus1p-Cdc31p) involved in transcription elongation and mRNA export from the nucleus; involved in post-transcriptional tethering of active genes to the nuclear periphery and to non-nascent mRNP; contains a PAM domain implicated in protein-protein binding
yhr167w YHR167W THP2 Subunit of the THO and TREX complexes; THO connects transcription elongation and mitotic recombination, and TREX is recruited to activated genes and couples transcription to mRNA export; involved in telomere maintenance
ypr045c YPR045C THP3 Protein that may have a role in transcription elongation; forms a complex with Csn12p that is recruited to transcribed genes; possibly involved in splicing based on pre-mRNA accumulation defect for many intron-containing genes
yhr025w YHR025W THR1 Homoserine kinase; conserved protein required for threonine biosynthesis; expression is regulated by the GCN4-mediated general amino acid control pathway
ycr053w YCR053W THR4 Threonine synthase; conserved protein that catalyzes formation of threonine from O-phosphohomoserine; expression is regulated by the GCN4-mediated general amino acid control pathway
ykr059w YKR059W TIF1 Translation initiation factor eIF4A; DEA(D/H)-box RNA helicase that couples ATPase activity to RNA binding and unwinding; forms a dumbbell structure of two compact domains connected by a linker; interacts with eIF4G; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; TIF1 has a paralog, TIF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl138c YJL138C TIF2 Translation initiation factor eIF4A; DEA(D/H)-box RNA helicase that couples ATPase activity to RNA binding and unwinding; forms a dumbbell structure of two compact domains connected by a linker; interacts with eIF4G; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; TIF2 has a paralog, TIF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr163c YPR163C TIF3 Translation initiation factor eIF-4B; contains an RNA recognition motif and binds to single-stranded RNA; has RNA annealing activity; interacts with Rps20p at the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit and alters the structure of the mRNA entry channel
ygr162w YGR162W TIF4631 Translation initiation factor eIF4G; subunit of the mRNA cap-binding protein complex (eIF4F) that also contains eIF4E (Cdc33p); interacts with Pab1p and with eIF4A (Tif1p); also has a role in biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit; TIF4631 has a paralog, TIF4632, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl049c YGL049C TIF4632 Translation initiation factor eIF4G; subunit of the mRNA cap-binding protein complex (eIF4F) that also contains eIF4E (Cdc33p); associates with the poly(A)-binding protein Pab1p, also interacts with eIF4A (Tif1p); TIF4632 has a paralog, TIF4631, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr181w YGR181W TIM13 Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein; forms a complex with Tim8p that delivers a subset of hydrophobic proteins to the TIM22 complex for insertion into the inner membrane
yor297c YOR297C TIM18 Component of the mitochondrial TIM22 complex; involved in insertion of polytopic proteins into the inner membrane; may mediate assembly or stability of the complex
ygr033c YGR033C TIM21 Nonessential component of the TIM23 complex; interacts with the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial membrane (TOM complex) and with respiratory enzymes; may regulate the Translocase of the Inner Mitochondrial membrane (TIM23 complex) activity
ybr067c YBR067C TIP1 Major cell wall mannoprotein with possible lipase activity; transcription is induced by heat- and cold-shock; member of the Srp1p/Tip1p family of serine-alanine-rich proteins
ypr040w YPR040W TIP41 Protein that interacts with Tap42p, which regulates PP2A; component of the TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling pathway; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yer011w YER011W TIR1 Cell wall mannoprotein; expression is downregulated at acidic pH and induced by cold shock and anaerobiosis; abundance is increased in cells cultured without shaking; member of the Srp1p/Tip1p family of serine-alanine-rich proteins
yor010c YOR010C TIR2 Putative cell wall mannoprotein; member of the Srp1p/Tip1p family of serine-alanine-rich proteins; transcription is induced by cold shock and anaerobiosis; TIR2 has a paralog, TIR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil011w YIL011W TIR3 Cell wall mannoprotein; member of Srp1p/Tip1p family of serine-alanine-rich proteins; expressed under anaerobic conditions and required for anaerobic growth; TIR3 has a paralog, TIR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor009w YOR009W TIR4 Cell wall mannoprotein; expressed under anaerobic conditions and required for anaerobic growth; transcription is also induced by cold shock; member of the Srp1p/Tip1p family of serine-alanine-rich proteins
ylr136c YLR136C TIS11 mRNA-binding protein expressed during iron starvation; binds to a sequence element in the 3'-untranslated regions of specific mRNAs to mediate their degradation; involved in iron homeostasis; protein increases in abundance and relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; TIS11 has a paralog, CTH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr074c YPR074C TKL1 Transketolase; catalyzes conversion of xylulose-5-phosphate and ribose-5-phosphate to sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the pentose phosphate pathway; needed for synthesis of aromatic amino acids; TKL1 has a paralog, TKL2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol018c YOL018C TLG2 Syntaxin-like t-SNARE; forms a complex with Tlg1p and Vti1p and mediates fusion of endosome-derived vesicles with the late Golgi; binds Vps45p, which prevents Tlg2p degradation and also facilitates t-SNARE complex formation; homologous to mammalian SNARE protein syntaxin 16 (Sx16)
ylr327c YLR327C TMA10 Protein of unknown function that associates with ribosomes; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; TMA10 has a paralog, STF2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil137c YIL137C TMA108 Ribosome-associated protein that is involved in ribosome biogenesis; putative metalloprotease
yor252w YOR252W TMA16 Protein of unknown function that associates with ribosomes
ydl110c YDL110C TMA17 Protein of unknown function that associates with ribosomes; heterozygous deletion demonstrated increases in chromosome instability in a rad9 deletion background; protein abundance is decreased upon intracellular iron depletion
ykl056c YKL056C TMA19 Protein that associates with ribosomes; homolog of translationally controlled tumor protein; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and relocates to the mitochondrial outer surface upon oxidative stress
yer007c-a YER007C-A TMA20 Protein of unknown function that associates with ribosomes; has a putative RNA binding domain; interacts with Tma22p; null mutant exhibits translation defects; has homology to human oncogene MCT-1; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yjr014w YJR014W TMA22 Protein of unknown function; associates with ribosomes and has a putative RNA binding domain; interacts with Tma20p; similar to human GRAP and human DRP1, which interacts with human Tma20p homolog MCT-1; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor091w YOR091W TMA46 Protein of unknown function that associates with translating ribosomes; interacts with GTPase Rbg1p
ydr117c YDR117C TMA64 Protein of unknown function that associates with ribosomes; has a putative RNA binding domain; in mammals the corresponding protein, eIF2D, has been shown to possess translation initiation factor activity
ylr262c-a YLR262C-A TMA7 Protein of unknown that associates with ribosomes; null mutant exhibits translation defects, altered polyribosome profiles, and resistance to the translation inhibitor anisomcyin; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yor052c YOR052C TMC1 AN1-type zinc finger protein of unknown function; may protect cells from trivalent metalloid induced proteotoxicity; contains a PACE promoter element, a transcriptional profile similar to CUZ1 and RPN2, and decreased expression in an RPN4 mutant; induced by nitrogen limitation and weak acid; ortholog of human AIRAP, which stimulates proteasome activity in response to arsenic; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr107c YDR107C TMN2 Protein with a role in cellular adhesion and filamentous growth; similar to Tmn3p; member of the evolutionarily conserved Transmembrane Nine family of proteins with nine membrane-spanning segments; TMN2 has a paralog, EMP70, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer113c YER113C TMN3 Protein with a role in cellular adhesion and filamentous growth; similar to Emp70p and Tmn2p; member of Transmembrane Nine family with 9 transmembrane segments; localizes to Golgi; induced by 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA irradiation
ydr105c YDR105C TMS1 Vacuolar membrane protein of unknown function; is conserved in mammals; predicted to contain eleven transmembrane helices; interacts with Pdr5p, a protein involved in multidrug resistance
yer175c YER175C TMT1 Trans-aconitate methyltransferase; cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the methyl esterification of 3-isopropylmalate, an intermediate of the leucine biosynthetic pathway, and trans-aconitate, which inhibits the citric acid cycle
ygr260w YGR260W TNA1 High affinity nicotinic acid plasma membrane permease; responsible for uptake of low levels of nicotinic acid; expression of the gene increases in the absence of extracellular nicotinic acid or para-aminobenzoate (PABA)
ybl054w YBL054W TOD6 PAC motif binding protein involved in rRNA and ribosome biogenesis; subunit of the RPD3L histone deacetylase complex; Myb-like HTH transcription factor; hypophosphorylated by rapamycin treatment in a Sch9p-dependent manner; TOD6 has a paralog, DOT6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl273w YNL273W TOF1 Subunit of a replication-pausing checkpoint complex; Tof1p-Mrc1p-Csm3p acts at the stalled replication fork to promote sister chromatid cohesion after DNA damage, facilitating gap repair of damaged DNA; interacts with the MCM helicase; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ykr010c YKR010C TOF2 Protein required for rDNA silencing and mitotic rDNA condensation; stimulates Cdc14p phosphatase activity and biphasic release to promote rDNA repeat segregation; required for condensin recruitment to the replication fork barrier site; TOF2 has a paralog, NET1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl093c YJL093C TOK1 Outward-rectifier potassium channel of the plasma membrane; has two pore domains in tandem, each of which forms a functional channel permeable to potassium; carboxy tail functions to prevent inner gate closures; target of K1 toxin
ydr457w YDR457W TOM1 E3 ubiquitin ligase of the hect-domain class; has a role in mRNA export from the nucleus and may regulate transcriptional coactivators; involved in degradation of excess histones; interacts with Dia2p and is required for Dia2p degradation; required to target Cdc6p for ubiquitin-mediated destruction during G1 phase
ypr133w-a YPR133W-A TOM5 Component of the TOM (translocase of outer membrane) complex; responsible for recognition and initial import of all mitochondrially directed proteins; involved in transfer of precursors from the Tom70p and Tom20p receptors to the Tom40p pore
yor045w YOR045W TOM6 Component of the TOM (translocase of outer membrane) complex; responsible for recognition and initial import steps for all mitochondrially directed proteins; promotes assembly and stability of the TOM complex
ynl070w YNL070W TOM7 Component of the TOM (translocase of outer membrane) complex; responsible for recognition and initial import steps for all mitochondrially directed proteins; promotes assembly and stability of the TOM complex
ynl121c YNL121C TOM70 Component of the TOM (translocase of outer membrane) complex; involved in the recognition and initial import steps for all mitochondrially directed proteins; acts as a receptor for incoming precursor proteins; TOM70 has a paralog, TOM71, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr117w YHR117W TOM71 Mitochondrial outer membrane protein; probable minor component of the TOM (translocase of outer membrane) complex responsible for recognition and import of mitochondrially directed proteins; TOM71 has a paralog, TOM70, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol006c YOL006C TOP1 Topoisomerase I; nuclear enzyme that relieves torsional strain in DNA by cleaving and re-sealing the phosphodiester backbone; relaxes both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA; functions in replication, transcription, and recombination; role in processing ribonucleoside monophosphates in genomic DNA into irreversible single-strand breaks
ylr234w YLR234W TOP3 DNA Topoisomerase III; conserved protein that functions in a complex with Sgs1p and Rmi1p to relax single-stranded negatively-supercoiled DNA preferentially; DNA catenation/decatenation activity stimulated by RPA and Sgs1p-Top2p-Rmi1p; involved in telomere stability and regulation of mitotic recombination
yjr066w YJR066W TOR1 PIK-related protein kinase and rapamycin target; subunit of TORC1, a complex that controls growth in response to nutrients by regulating translation, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, nutrient transport and autophagy; involved in meiosis; TOR1 has a paralog, TOR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr162c YBR162C TOS1 Covalently-bound cell wall protein of unknown function; identified as a cell cycle regulated SBF target gene; deletion mutants are highly resistant to treatment with beta-1,3-glucanase; has sequence similarity to YJL171C
ygr221c YGR221C TOS2 Protein involved in localization of Cdc24p to the site of bud growth; may act as a membrane anchor; localizes to the bud neck and bud tip; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; TOS2 has a paralog, SKG6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl179c YGL179C TOS3 Protein kinase; related to and functionally redundant with Elm1p and Sak1p for the phosphorylation and activation of Snf1p; functionally orthologous to LKB1, a mammalian kinase associated with Peutz-Jeghers cancer-susceptibility syndrome; TOS3 has a paralog, SAK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr183c YLR183C TOS4 Putative transcription factor, contains Forkhead Associated domain; found associated with chromatin; target of SBF transcription factor; expression is periodic and peaks in G1; involved in DNA replication checkpoint response; interacts with Rpd3 and Set3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes; APCC(Cdh1) substrate; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; TOS4 has a paralog, PLM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl300w YNL300W TOS6 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-dependent cell wall protein; expression is periodic and decreases in respone to ergosterol perturbation or upon entry into stationary phase; depletion increases resistance to lactic acid
ygl096w YGL096W TOS8 Homeodomain-containing protein and putative transcription factor; found associated with chromatin; target of SBF transcription factor; induced during meiosis and under cell-damaging conditions; TOS8 has a paralog, CUP9, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer049w YER049W TPA1 Poly(rA)-binding protein; involved in translation termination efficiency, mRNA poly(A) tail length and mRNA stability; interacts with Sup45p (eRF1), Sup35p (eRF3) and Pab1p; similar to human prolyl 4-hydroxylase OGFOD1; binds Fe(III) and 2-oxoglutarate
ygr096w YGR096W TPC1 Mitochondrial membrane transporter; mediates uptake of the essential cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate (ThPP) into mitochondria; expression appears to be regulated by carbon source; member of the mitochondrial carrier family
ydr050c YDR050C TPI1 Triose phosphate isomerase, abundant glycolytic enzyme; mRNA half-life is regulated by iron availability; transcription is controlled by activators Reb1p, Gcr1p, and Rap1p through binding sites in the 5' non-coding region; inhibition of Tpi1p activity by PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) stimulates redox metabolism in respiring cells; E104D mutation in human TPI causes a rare autosomal disease
yjl164c YJL164C TPK1 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; promotes vegetative growth in response to nutrients via the Ras-cAMP signaling pathway; inhibited by regulatory subunit Bcy1p in the absence of cAMP; phosphorylates and inhibits Whi3p to promote G1/S phase passage; partially redundant with Tpk2p and Tpk3p; phosphorylates pre-Tom40p, which impairs its import into mitochondria under non-respiratory conditions; TPK1 has a paralog, TPK3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl203w YPL203W TPK2 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; promotes vegetative growth in response to nutrients via the Ras-cAMP signaling pathway; partially redundant with Tpk1p and Tpk3p; localizes to P-bodies during stationary phase; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ykl166c YKL166C TPK3 cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; promotes vegetative growth in response to nutrients via the Ras-cAMP signaling pathway; partially redundant with Tpk1p and Tpk2p; localizes to P-bodies during stationary phase; TPK3 has a paralog, TPK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl079c YNL079C TPM1 Major isoform of tropomyosin; binds to and stabilizes actin cables and filaments, which direct polarized cell growth and the distribution of several organelles; acetylated by the NatB complex and acetylated form binds actin most efficiently; TPM1 has a paralog, TPM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil138c YIL138C TPM2 Minor isoform of tropomyosin; binds to and stabilizes actin cables and filaments, which direct polarized cell growth and the distribution of several organelles; appears to have distinct and also overlapping functions with Tpm1p; TPM2 has a paralog, TPM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll028w YLL028W TPO1 Polyamine transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; recognizes spermine, putrescine, and spermidine; catalyzes uptake of polyamines at alkaline pH and excretion at acidic pH; during oxidative stress exports spermine, spermidine from the cell, which controls timing of expression of stress-responsive genes; phosphorylation enhances activity and sorting to the plasma membrane
ygr138c YGR138C TPO2 Polyamine transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; specific for spermine; localizes to the plasma membrane; transcription of TPO2 is regulated by Haa1p; TPO2 has a paralog, TPO3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr156c YPR156C TPO3 Polyamine transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; specific for spermine; localizes to the plasma membrane; TPO3 has a paralog, TPO2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor273c YOR273C TPO4 Polyamine transporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; recognizes spermine, putrescine, and spermidine; localizes to the plasma membrane
ykl174c YKL174C TPO5 Protein involved in excretion of putrescine and spermidine; putative polyamine transporter in the Golgi or post-Golgi vesicles
ymr156c YMR156C TPP1 DNA 3'-phosphatase; functions in repair of endogenous damage of double-stranded DNA, activity is specific for removal of 3' phosphates at strand breaks; similar to the l-2-haloacid dehalogenase superfamily; homolog of human polynucleotide kinase/3&#8242;-phosphatase
ybr126c YBR126C TPS1 Synthase subunit of trehalose-6-P synthase/phosphatase complex; synthesizes the storage carbohydrate trehalose; also found in a monomeric form; expression is induced by the stress response and repressed by the Ras-cAMP pathway; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress and in response to prolonged exposure to boric acid
ydr074w YDR074W TPS2 Phosphatase subunit of the trehalose-6-P synthase/phosphatase complex; involved in synthesis of the storage carbohydrate trehalose; expression is induced by stress conditions and repressed by the Ras-cAMP pathway; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr261c YMR261C TPS3 Regulatory subunit of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase; involved in synthesis of storage carbohydrate trehalose; expression is induced by stress conditions and repressed by the Ras-cAMP pathway; TPS3 has a paralog, TSL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl176c YPL176C TRE1 Transferrin receptor-like protein; plasma membrane protein that binds Bsd2p and regulates ubiquitylation and vacuolar degradation of the metal transporter Smf1p; functionally redundant with Tre2p; TRE1 has a paralog, TRE2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl299w YNL299W TRF5 Non-canonical poly(A) polymerase; involved in nuclear RNA degradation as a component of the TRAMP complex; catalyzes polyadenylation of hypomodified tRNAs, and snoRNA and rRNA precursors; overlapping but non-redundant functions with Pap2p; TRF5 has a paralog, PAP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr233w YMR233W TRI1 Non-essential sumoylated protein of unknown function; similar to components of human SWI/SNF complex including SMRD3; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus; TRI1 has a paralog, UAF30, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl129c YJL129C TRK1 Component of the Trk1p-Trk2p potassium transport system; 180 kDa high affinity potassium transporter; phosphorylated in vivo and interacts physically with the phosphatase Ppz1p, suggesting Trk1p acitivy is regulated by phosphorylation; TRK1 has a paralog, TRK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr050w YKR050W TRK2 Component of the Trk1p-Trk2p potassium transport system; contributes to K(+) supply and maintenance of plasma-membrane potential; TRK2 has a paralog, TRK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr120c YDR120C TRM1 tRNA methyltransferase; two forms of the protein are made by alternative translation starts; localizes to both the nucleus and mitochondrion to produce the modified base N2,N2-dimethylguanosine in tRNAs in both compartments
yol093w YOL093W TRM10 tRNA methyltransferase; methylates the N-1 position of guanine at position 9 in tRNAs; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; member of the SPOUT (SpoU-TrmD) methyltransferase family; human ortholog TRMT10A plays a role in the pathogenesis of microcephaly and early onset diabetes
yol124c YOL124C TRM11 Catalytic subunit of adoMet-dependent tRNA methyltransferase complex; required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNAs; contains a THUMP domain and a methyltransferase domain; another complex member is Trm112p
yml005w YML005W TRM12 S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase; required for wybutosine formation in phenylalanine-accepting tRNA; member of the seven beta-strand family
yol125w YOL125W TRM13 2'-O-methyltransferase; responsible for modification of tRNA at position 4; C-terminal domain has similarity to Rossmann-fold (RFM) superfamily of RNA methyltransferases
ykr056w YKR056W TRM2 tRNA methyltransferase; 5-methylates the uridine residue at position 54 of tRNAs and may also have a role in tRNA stabilization or maturation; endo-exonuclease with a role in DNA repair
ydl112w YDL112W TRM3 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase; catalyzes the ribose methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 18 of tRNAs
ypl030w YPL030W TRM44 tRNA(Ser) Um(44) 2'-O-methyltransferase; involved in maintaining levels of the tRNA-Ser species tS(CGA) and tS(UGA); conserved among metazoans and fungi but there does not appear to be a homolog in plants; TRM44 is a non-essential gene
ybr061c YBR061C TRM7 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase; methylates the 2'-O-ribose of tRNA-Phe, tRNA-Trp, and tRNA-Leu at positions C32 and N34 of the tRNA anticodon loop; crucial biological role likely modification of tRNA-Phe; interacts with Trm732p and Rtt10p in 2'-O-methylation of C32 and N34 substrate tRNAs, respectively
ymr259c YMR259C TRM732 Interacts with Trm7p for 2'-O-methylation of C32 of substrate tRNAs; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; non-essential gene
ydl201w YDL201W TRM8 Noncatalytic subunit of a tRNA methyltransferase complex; Trm8p and Trm82p comprise an enzyme that catalyzes a methyl-transfer from S-adenosyl-l-methionine to the N(7) atom of guanine at position 46 in tRNA; Trm8 lacks catalytic activity if not bound to Trm82p
ydr165w YDR165W TRM82 Catalytic subunit of a tRNA methyltransferase complex; Trm8p and Trm82p comprise an enzyme that catalyzes a methyl-transfer from S-adenosyl-l-methionine to the N(7) atom of guanine at position 46 in tRNA; Trm8 lacks catalytic activity if not bound to Trm82p; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
yml014w YML014W TRM9 tRNA methyltransferase; catalyzes modification of wobble bases in tRNA anticodons to 2, 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine and 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine; may act as part of a complex with Trm112p; deletion mutation increases translational infidelity, including amino acid misincorporation and -1 frameshifting, and also confers resistance to zymocin; null mutant displays activation of stress responses
ydr007w YDR007W TRP1 Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase; catalyzes the third step in tryptophan biosynthesis; in 2004, the sequence of TRP1 from strain S228C was updated by changing the previously annotated internal STOP (TAA) to serine (TCA)
yer090w YER090W TRP2 Anthranilate synthase; catalyzes the initial step of tryptophan biosynthesis, forms multifunctional hetero-oligomeric anthranilate synthase:indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase enzyme complex with Trp3p
ykl211c YKL211C TRP3 Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase; forms bifunctional hetero-oligomeric anthranilate synthase:indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase enzyme complex with Trp2p
ydr354w YDR354W TRP4 Anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase; transferase of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway; catalyzes the phosphoribosylation of anthranilate; subject to the general control system of amino acid biosynthesis
ygl026c YGL026C TRP5 Tryptophan synthase; catalyzes the last step of tryptophan biosynthesis; regulated by the general control system of amino acid biosynthesis
yhr106w YHR106W TRR2 Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase; involved in protection against oxidative stress, required with Glr1p to maintain the redox state of Trx3p; contains active-site motif (CAVC) present in prokaryotic orthologs; binds NADPH and FAD; TRR2 has a paralog, TRR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor115c YOR115C TRS33 Core component of transport protein particle (TRAPP) complexes I-III; TRAPP complexes are related multimeric guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for the GTPase Ypt1p, regulating ER-Golgi traffic (TRAPPI), intra-Golgi traffic (TRAPPII), endosome-Golgi traffic (TRAPPII and III) and autophagy (TRAPPIII)
ygr166w YGR166W TRS65 Component of transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex II; TRAPPII is a multimeric guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for the GTPase Ypt1p, regulating intra-Golgi and endosome-Golgi traffic; role in cell wall beta-glucan biosynthesis and the stress response
ydr108w YDR108W TRS85 Component of transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex III; TRAPPIII is a multimeric guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for the GTPase Ypt1p, regulating endosome-Golgi traffic and required for membrane expansion during autophagy and the CVT pathway; directs Ypt1p to the PAS; late post-replication meiotic role
ylr043c YLR043C TRX1 Cytoplasmic thioredoxin isoenzyme; part of thioredoxin system which protects cells against oxidative and reductive stress; forms LMA1 complex with Pbi2p; acts as a cofactor for Tsa1p; required for ER-Golgi transport and vacuole inheritance; with Trx2p, facilitates mitochondrial import of small Tims Tim9p, Tim10p, Tim13p by maintaining them in reduced form; abundance increases iunder DNA replication stress; TRX1 has a paralog, TRX2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr209c YGR209C TRX2 Cytoplasmic thioredoxin isoenzyme; part of thioredoxin system which protects cells against oxidative and reductive stress; forms LMA1 complex with Pbi2p; acts as a cofactor for Tsa1p; required for ER-Golgi transport and vacuole inheritance; with Trx1p, facilitates mitochondrial import of small Tims Tim9p, Tim10p, Tim13p by maintaining them in reduced form; abundance increases under DNA replication stress; TRX2 has a paralog, TRX1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr083w YCR083W TRX3 Mitochondrial thioredoxin; highly conserved oxidoreductase required to maintain the redox homeostasis of the cell, forms the mitochondrial thioredoxin system with Trr2p, redox state is maintained by both Trr2p and Glr1p
yml028w YML028W TSA1 Thioredoxin peroxidase; acts as both a ribosome-associated and free cytoplasmic antioxidant; self-associates to form high-molecular weight chaperone complex under oxidative stress; deletion causes mutator phenotype; protein abundance increases and forms cytoplasmic foci during DNA replication stress; chaperone activity is essential for growth under zinc deficiency; required for telomere length maintenance; TSA1 has a paralog, TSA2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr453c YDR453C TSA2 Stress inducible cytoplasmic thioredoxin peroxidase; cooperates with Tsa1p in the removal of reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species using thioredoxin as hydrogen donor; deletion enhances the mutator phenotype of tsa1 mutants; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; TSA2 has a paralog, TSA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml100w YML100W TSL1 Large subunit of trehalose 6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase complex; Tps1p-Tps2p complex converts uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose and glucose 6-phosphate to trehalose; contributes to survival to acute lethal heat stress; mutant has aneuploidy tolerance; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; TSL1 has a paralog, TPS3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr435w YLR435W TSR2 Protein with a potential role in pre-rRNA processing
yor006c YOR006C TSR3 Protein required for 20S pre-rRNA processing; involved in processing of the 20S pre-rRNA at site D to generate mature 18S rRNA; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yml124c YML124C TUB3 Alpha-tubulin; associates with beta-tubulin (Tub2p) to form tubulin dimer, which polymerizes to form microtubules; expressed at lower level than Tub1p; TUB3 has a paralog, TUB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor187w YOR187W TUF1 Mitochondrial translation elongation factor Tu; comprises both GTPase and guanine nucleotide exchange factor activities, while these activities are found in separate proteins in S. pombe and humans
ykl034w YKL034W TUL1 Subunit of the DSC ubiquitin ligase complex; golgi-localized RING-finger ubiquitin ligase (E3) involved in sorting polar transmembrane domain containing membrane proteins to multivesicular bodies for delivery to the vacuole; proposed involvement in the quality control of misfolded TMD containing proteins; ortholog of fission yeast dsc1
yor251c YOR251C TUM1 Rhodanese domain sulfur transferase; accepts persulfite from Nfs1p and transfers it to Uba4p in the pathway for 2-thiolation of the wobble uridine base of tRNAs; also stimulates sulfur transfer by Nfs1p; may be mitochondrially localized
ycr084c YCR084C TUP1 General repressor of transcription; forms complex with Cyc8p, involved in the establishment of repressive chromatin structure through interactions with histones H3 and H4, appears to enhance expression of some genes
ydr100w YDR100W TVP15 Integral membrane protein; localized to late Golgi vesicles along with the v-SNARE Tlg2p
ymr071c YMR071C TVP18 Integral membrane protein; localized to late Golgi vesicles along with the v-SNARE Tlg2p; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments
ydr084c YDR084C TVP23 Integral membrane protein; localized to late Golgi vesicles along with the v-SNARE Tlg2p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
ykr088c YKR088C TVP38 Integral membrane protein; localized to late Golgi vesicles along with the v-SNARE Tlg2p; required for asymmetric localization of Kar9p during mitosis; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
ygr080w YGR080W TWF1 Twinfilin; highly conserved actin monomer-sequestering protein involved in regulation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton; coordinates actin filament severing and monomer sequestering at sites of rapid actin turnover; composed of two cofilin-like regions, localizes actin monomers to sites of rapid filament assembly
yor344c YOR344C TYE7 Serine-rich protein that contains a bHLH DNA binding motif; binds E-boxes of glycolytic genes and contributes to their activation; may function as a transcriptional activator in Ty1-mediated gene expression; bHLH stands for basic-helix-loop-helix
ybr166c YBR166C TYR1 Prephenate dehydrogenase involved in tyrosine biosynthesis; expression is dependent on phenylalanine levels
ypl207w YPL207W TYW1 Iron-sulfer protein required for synthesis of Wybutosine modified tRNA; Wybutosine is a modified guanosine found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of phenylalanine tRNA which supports reading frame maintenance by stabilizing codon-anticodon interactions; induction by Yap5p in response to iron provides protection from high iron toxicity; overexpression results in increased cellular iron
ygl050w YGL050W TYW3 tRNA methyltransferase required for synthesis of wybutosine; a modified guanosine found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of phenylalanine tRNA which supports reading frame maintenance by stabilizing codon-anticodon interactions
yor295w YOR295W UAF30 Subunit of UAF (upstream activation factor) complex; UAF is an RNA polymerase I specific transcription stimulatory factor composed of Uaf30p, Rrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4; targeting factor for the UAF that facilitates activation of many rDNA genes; deletion decreases cellular growth rate; UAF30 has a paralog, TRI1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr066w YPR066W UBA3 Protein that activates Rub1p (NEDD8) before neddylation; acts together with Ula1p; may play a role in protein degradation; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
yhr111w YHR111W UBA4 Protein that activates Urm1p before urmylation; also acts in thiolation of the wobble base of cytoplasmic tRNAs by adenylating and then thiolating Urm1p; receives sulfur from Tum1p
yor339c YOR339C UBC11 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; most similar in sequence to Xenopus ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-C, but not a true functional homolog of this E2; unlike E2-C, not required for the degradation of mitotic cyclin Clb2
ylr306w YLR306W UBC12 Enzyme that mediates the conjugation of Rub1p; a ubiquitin-like protein, to other proteins; related to E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes
ydr092w YDR092W UBC13 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; involved in the error-free DNA postreplication repair pathway; interacts with Mms2p to assemble ubiquitin chains at the Ub Lys-63 residue; DNA damage triggers redistribution from the cytoplasm to the nucleus
ybr082c YBR082C UBC4 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2); mediates degradation of abnormal or excess proteins, including calmodulin and histone H3; regulates levels of DNA Polymerase-{alpha} to promote efficient and accurate DNA replication; interacts with many SCF ubiquitin protein ligases; component of the cellular stress response; UBC4 has a paralog, UBC5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr059c YDR059C UBC5 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; mediates selective degradation of short-lived, abnormal, or excess proteins, including histone H3; central component of the cellular stress response; expression is heat inducible; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; UBC5 has a paralog, UBC4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr022w YMR022W UBC7 Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme; involved in the ER-associated protein degradation pathway; requires Cue1p for recruitment to the ER membrane; proposed to be involved in chromatin assembly
yel012w YEL012W UBC8 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that regulates gluconeogenesis; negatively regulates gluconeogenesis by mediating the glucose-induced ubiquitination of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase); cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the ubiquitination of histones in vitro
yll039c YLL039C UBI4 Ubiquitin; becomes conjugated to proteins, marking them for selective degradation via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system; essential for the cellular stress response; encoded as a polyubiquitin precursor comprised of 5 head-to-tail repeats; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydl122w YDL122W UBP1 Ubiquitin-specific protease; removes ubiquitin from ubiquitinated proteins; cleaves at the C terminus of ubiquitin fusions irrespective of their size; capable of cleaving polyubiquitin chains
ykr098c YKR098C UBP11 Ubiquitin-specific protease; cleaves ubiquitin from ubiquitinated proteins; UBP11 has a paralog, UBP7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl197w YJL197W UBP12 Ubiquitin-specific protease; cleaves ubiquitin from ubiquitinated proteins; present in the nucleus and cytoplasm
ybl067c YBL067C UBP13 Ubiquitin-specific protease that cleaves Ub-protein fusions; UBP13 has a paralog, UBP9, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr058c YBR058C UBP14 Ubiquitin-specific protease; specifically disassembles unanchored ubiquitin chains; involved in fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp1p) degradation; similar to human isopeptidase T
ymr304w YMR304W UBP15 Ubiquitin-specific protease involved in protein deubiquitination; catalytic activity regulated by an N-terminal TRAF-like domain and and C-terminal sequences; physically interacts with anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activator, Cdh1p; forms a complex with AAA peroxins Pex1p and Pex6p
ypl072w YPL072W UBP16 Deubiquitinating enzyme anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane; probably not important for general mitochondrial functioning, but may perform a more specialized function at mitochondria
yor124c YOR124C UBP2 Ubiquitin-specific protease; removes ubiquitin from ubiquitinated proteins; deubiquitinates Rsp5p and is required for MVB sorting of membrane proteins; can cleave polyubiquitin and has isopeptidase activity
yer151c YER151C UBP3 Ubiquitin-specific protease involved in transport and osmotic response; interacts with Bre5p to co-regulate anterograde and retrograde transport between the ER and Golgi; involved in transcription elongation in response to osmostress through phosphorylation at Ser695 by Hog1p; inhibitor of gene silencing; cleaves ubiquitin fusions but not polyubiquitin; also has mRNA binding activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yer144c YER144C UBP5 Putative ubiquitin-specific protease; concentrates at the bud neck; UBP5 has a paralog, DOA4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr010w YFR010W UBP6 Ubiquitin-specific protease; situated in the base subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, releases free ubiquitin from branched polyubiquitin chains; negatively regulates degradation of ubiquitinated proteins by the proteasome; works in opposition to Hul5p polyubiquitin elongation activity; mutant has aneuploidy tolerance
yil156w YIL156W UBP7 Ubiquitin-specific protease that cleaves ubiquitin-protein fusions; UBP7 has a paralog, UBP11, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr223w YMR223W UBP8 Ubiquitin-specific protease component of the SAGA acetylation complex; required for SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase)-mediated deubiquitination of histone H2B
yer098w YER098W UBP9 Ubiquitin-specific protease that cleaves ubiquitin-protein fusions; UBP9 has a paralog, UBP13, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr184c YGR184C UBR1 E3 ubiquitin ligase (N-recognin); heterodimerizes with Rad6p to ubiquitinate substrates in the N-end rule pathway; role in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) in the absence of canonical ER membrane ligases or after stress; major role in targeting misfolded cytosolic proteins for degradation; regulates peptide transport via Cup9p ubiquitination; mutation in human UBR1 causes Johansson-Blizzard Syndrome (JBS)
ylr024c YLR024C UBR2 Cytoplasmic ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3); required for ubiquitylation of Rpn4p; mediates formation of a Mub1p-Ubr2p-Rad6p complex
ybr165w YBR165W UBS1 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme suppressor that regulates Cdc34p; functions as a general positive regulator of Cdc34p activity; nuclear protein that may represent a link between nucleocytoplasmic transport and ubiquitin ligase activity
yml013w YML013W UBX2 Bridging factor involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD); bridges the cytosolic Cdc48p-Npl1p-Ufd1p ATPase complex and the membrane associated Ssm4p and Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complexes; contains a UBX (ubiquitin regulatory X) domain and a ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain; redistributes from the ER to lipid droplets during the diauxic shift and stationary phase; required for the maintenance of lipid homeostasis
ydl091c YDL091C UBX3 Subunit of the DSC ubiquitin ligase complex; UBX (ubiquitin regulatory X) domain-containing protein that interacts with Cdc48p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; ortholog of fission yeast Ucp10
ymr067c YMR067C UBX4 UBX domain-containing protein that interacts with Cdc48p; involved in degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins via the ERAD (ER-associated degradation) pathway; modulates the Cdc48p-Nplp-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex during its role in delivery of misfolded proteins to the proteasome; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr330w YDR330W UBX5 UBX domain-containing protein that interacts with Cdc48p; ubiquitin regulatory X is also known as UBX
yjl048c YJL048C UBX6 UBX (ubiquitin regulatory X) domain-containing protein; interacts with Cdc48p, transcription is repressed when cells are grown in media containing inositol and choline; UBX6 has a paralog, UBX7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr273c YBR273C UBX7 UBX (ubiquitin regulatory X) domain-containing protein; interacts with Cdc48p; UBX7 has a paralog, UBX6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl190c YDL190C UFD2 Ubiquitin chain assembly factor (E4); cooperates with a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and a ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) to conjugate ubiquitin to substrates; also functions as an E3
ykl010c YKL010C UFD4 Ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3); interacts with Rpt4p and Rpt6p, two subunits of the 19S particle of the 26S proteasome; cytoplasmic E3 involved in the degradation of ubiquitin fusion proteins; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yml088w YML088W UFO1 F-box receptor protein; subunit of the Skp1-Cdc53-F-box receptor (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex; binds to phosphorylated Ho endonuclease, allowing its ubiquitylation by SCF and subsequent degradation
ygr019w YGR019W UGA1 Gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase; also known as 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase; involved in the 4-aminobutyrate and glutamate degradation pathways; required for normal oxidative stress tolerance and nitrogen utilization; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ybr006w YBR006W UGA2 Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase; involved in the utilization of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) as a nitrogen source; part of the 4-aminobutyrate and glutamate degradation pathways; localized to the cytoplasm
ydl170w YDL170W UGA3 Transcriptional activator for GABA-dependent induction of GABA genes; zinc finger transcription factor of the Zn(2)-Cys(6) binuclear cluster domain type; localized to the nucleus; gamma-aminobutyrate is also known as GABA; examples of GABA genes include UGA1, UGA2, and UGA4
ydl210w YDL210W UGA4 GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) permease; serves as a GABA transport protein involved in the utilization of GABA as a nitrogen source; catalyzes the transport of putrescine and delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA); localized to the vacuolar membrane
ydr470c YDR470C UGO1 Outer membrane component of the mitochondrial fusion machinery; binds directly to Fzo1p and Mgm1p and thus links these two GTPases during mitochondrial fusion; involved in fusion of both the outer and inner membranes; facilitates dimerization of Fzo1p during fusion; import into the outer membrane is mediated by Tom70p and Mim1p; has similarity to carrier proteins but is not likely to function as a transmembrane transporter
ydl169c YDL169C UGX2 Protein of unknown function; transcript accumulates in response to any combination of stress conditions
yar027w YAR027W UIP3 Putative integral membrane protein of unknown function; interacts with Ulp1p at the nuclear periphery; member of DUP240 gene family
ypl186c YPL186C UIP4 Protein that interacts with Ulp1p; a Ubl (ubiquitin-like protein)-specific protease for Smt3p protein conjugates; detected in a phosphorylated state in the mitochondrial outer membrane; also detected in ER and nuclear envelope
ykr044w YKR044W UIP5 Protein of unknown function that interacts with Ulp1p; a Ubl (ubiquitin-like protein)-specific protease for Smt3p protein conjugates
ypl003w YPL003W ULA1 Protein that activates Rub1p (NEDD8) before neddylation; acts together with Uba3p; may play a role in protein degradation
yfr026c YFR026C ULI1 Putative protein of unknown function; involved in and induced by the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR)
yor191w YOR191W ULS1 Protein involved in proteolytic control of sumoylated substrates; contains RING finger domain; interacts with SUMO (Smt3p); member of the SWI/SNF family of DNA-dependent ATPases; plays a role in antagonizing silencing during mating-type switching; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ypl139c YPL139C UME1 Component of both the Rpd3S and Rpd3L histone deacetylase complexes; negative regulator of meiosis; required for repression of a subset of meiotic genes during vegetative growth, binding of histone deacetylase Rpd3p required for activity, contains a NEE box and a WD repeat motif; homologous with Wtm1p; UME1 has a paralog, WTM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr207c YDR207C UME6 Component of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex; key transcriptional regulator of early meiotic genes, binds URS1 upstream regulatory sequence, couples metabolic responses to nutritional cues with initiation and progression of meiosis, forms complex with Ime1p
ybr173c YBR173C UMP1 Chaperone required for correct maturation of the 20S proteasome; short-lived chaperone; may inhibit premature dimerization of proteasome half-mers; degraded by proteasome upon completion of its assembly
yml021c YML021C UNG1 Uracil-DNA glycosylase; required for repair of uracil in DNA formed by spontaneous cytosine deamination; efficiently excises uracil from single-stranded DNA in vivo; not required for strand-specific mismatch repair; cell-cycle regulated, expressed in late G1; localizes to mitochondria and nucleus
ydr213w YDR213W UPC2 Sterol regulatory element binding protein; induces transcription of sterol biosynthetic genes and of DAN/TIR gene products; relocates from intracellular membranes to perinuclear foci on sterol depletion; UPC2 has a paralog, ECM22, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr072w YGR072W UPF3 Component of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway; along with Nam7p and Nmd2p; involved in decay of mRNA containing nonsense codons; involved in telomere maintenance
ylr193c YLR193C UPS1 Phosphatidic acid transfer protein; plays a role in phospholipid metabolism by transporting phosphatidic acid from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane; localizes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space; null mutant has altered cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid levels; ortholog of human PRELI
ylr168c YLR168C UPS2 Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein; involved in phospholipid metabolism; has role in regulation of phospholipid metabolism by inhibiting conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine; null mutant has defects in mitochondrial morphology; similar to Ups1p, Ups3p and to human PRELI; UPS2 has a paralog, UPS3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr185c YDR185C UPS3 Mitochondrial protein of unknown function; similar to Ups1p and Ups2p which are involved in regulation of mitochondrial cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine levels; null is viable but interacts synthetically with ups1 and ups2 mutations; UPS3 has a paralog, UPS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl216w YKL216W URA1 Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase; catalyzes the fourth enzymatic step in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting dihydroorotic acid into orotic acid
ymr271c YMR271C URA10 Minor orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase) isozyme; catalyzes the fifth enzymatic step in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting orotate into orotidine-5'-phosphate; URA10 has a paralog, URA5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl130c YJL130C URA2 Carbamoylphosphate synthetase-aspartate transcarbamylase; catalyzes the first two enzymatic steps in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines; both activities are subject to feedback inhibition by UTP; CPSase is short for carbamoylphosphate synthetase and ATCase is short for aspartate transcarbamylase
ylr420w YLR420W URA4 Dihydroorotase; catalyzes the third enzymatic step in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting carbamoyl-L-aspartate into dihydroorotate
yml106w YML106W URA5 Major orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase) isozyme; catalyzes the fifth enzymatic step in de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines, converting orotate into orotidine-5'-phosphate; URA5 has a paralog, URA10, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl039c YBL039C URA7 Major CTP synthase isozyme (see also URA8); catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of the amide nitrogen from glutamine to UTP, forming CTP, the final step in de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines; involved in phospholipid biosynthesis; capable of forming cytoplasmic filaments termed cytoophidium, especially during conditions of glucose depletion; URA7 has a paralog, URA8, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr103w YJR103W URA8 Minor CTP synthase isozyme (see also URA7); catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of the amide nitrogen from glutamine to UTP, forming CTP, the final step in de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines; involved in phospholipid biosynthesis; capable of forming cytoplasmic filaments termed cytoophidium, especially during conditions of glucose depletion; URA8 has a paralog, URA7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr520c YDR520C URC2 Putative Zn(II)2Cys6 motif containing transcription factor; non-essential gene identified in a screen for mutants with increased levels of rDNA transcription; similar to S. kluyveri Urc2p involved in uracil catabolism
ynl229c YNL229C URE2 Nitrogen catabolite repression transcriptional regulator; acts by inhibition of GLN3 transcription in good nitrogen source; has glutathione peroxidase activity and can mutate to acquire GST activity; altered form creates [URE3] prion
ydr400w YDR400W URH1 Uridine nucleosidase (uridine-cytidine N-ribohydrolase); cleaves N-glycosidic bonds in nucleosides; involved in the pyrimidine salvage and nicotinamide riboside salvage pathways
ynr012w YNR012W URK1 Uridine/cytidine kinase; component of the pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage pathway that converts uridine into UMP and cytidine into CMP; involved in the pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide salvage pathway, converting deoxycytidine into dCMP
yil008w YIL008W URM1 Ubiquitin-like protein involved in thiolation of cytoplasmic tRNAs; receives sulfur from the E1-like enzyme Uba4p and transfers it to tRNA; also functions as a protein tag with roles in nutrient sensing and oxidative stress response
ypr152c YPR152C URN1 Putative protein of unknown function containing WW and FF domains; overexpression causes accumulation of cells in G1 phase
yml029w YML029W USA1 Scaffold subunit of the Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase; also promotes ligase oligomerization; involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD); interacts with the U1 snRNP-specific protein, Snp1p
ypl230w YPL230W USV1 Putative transcription factor containing a C2H2 zinc finger; mutation affects transcriptional regulation of genes involved in growth on non-fermentable carbon sources, response to salt stress and cell wall biosynthesis; USV1 has a paralog, RGM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr042w YKR042W UTH1 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; role in mitophagy is disputed; implicated in cell wall biogenesis, the oxidative stress response, life span during starvation, and cell death; SUN family member; UTH1 has a paralog, NCA3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr060w YKR060W UTP30 Putative subunit of U3-containing 90S preribosome complex; complex is involved in production of 18S rRNA and assembly of small ribosomal subunit
yjr049c YJR049C UTR1 ATP-NADH kinase; phosphorylates both NAD and NADH; active as a hexamer; enhances the activity of ferric reductase (Fre1p); UTR1 has a paralog, YEF1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel040w YEL040W UTR2 Chitin transglycosylase; functions in the transfer of chitin to beta(1-6) and beta(1-3) glucans in the cell wall; similar to and functionally redundant with Crh1; glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein localized to bud neck
yel038w YEL038W UTR4 Protein with sequence similarity to acireductone synthases; involved in methionine salvage; found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus
yel005c YEL005C VAB2 Subunit of the BLOC-1 complex involved in endosomal maturation; interacts with Vps21p-GFP; has potential role in vacuolar function, as suggested by its ability to bind Vac8p; likely member of; Vab2p-GFP-fusion localizes to cytoplasm in punctate pattern
ylr386w YLR386W VAC14 Enzyme regulator; involved in synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, in control of trafficking of some proteins to the vacuole lumen via the MVB, and in maintenance of vacuole size and acidity; binds negative (Fig4p) and positive (Fab1p) regulators of PtdIns(3,5)P(2) to control endolysosome function
ycl063w YCL063W VAC17 Phosphoprotein involved in vacuole inheritance; degraded in late M phase of the cell cycle; acts as a vacuole-specific receptor for myosin Myo2p
ynl054w YNL054W VAC7 Integral vacuolar membrane protein; involved in vacuole inheritance and morphology; activates Fab1p kinase activity under basal conditions and also after hyperosmotic shock
yel013w YEL013W VAC8 Phosphorylated and palmitoylated vacuolar membrane protein; interacts with Atg13p, required for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway; interacts with Nvj1p to form nucleus-vacuole junctions
yor068c YOR068C VAM10 Protein involved in vacuole morphogenesis; acts at an early step of homotypic vacuole fusion that is required for vacuole tethering
yor106w YOR106W VAM3 Syntaxin-like vacuolar t-SNARE; functions with Vam7p in vacuolar protein trafficking; mediates docking/fusion of late transport intermediates with the vacuole; has an acidic di-leucine sorting signal and C-terminal transmembrane region
ydl077c YDL077C VAM6 Vacuolar protein involved in vacuolar membrane fusion tethering; plays a critical role in the tethering steps of vacuolar membrane fusion by facilitating guanine nucleotide exchange on small guanosine triphosphatase Ypt7p
ygl212w YGL212W VAM7 Vacuolar SNARE protein; functions with Vam3p in vacuolar protein trafficking; has an N-terminal PX domain (phosphoinositide-binding module) that binds PtdIns-3-P and mediates membrane binding; SNAP-25 homolog; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yml115c YML115C VAN1 Component of the mannan polymerase I; complex contains Van1p and Mnn9p and is involved in the first steps of mannan synthesis; mutants are vanadate-resistant
ymr088c YMR088C VBA1 Permease of basic amino acids in the vacuolar membrane
ybr293w YBR293W VBA2 Permease of basic amino acids in the vacuolar membrane
ycl069w YCL069W VBA3 Permease of basic amino acids in the vacuolar membrane; VBA3 has a paralog, VBA5, that arose from a segmental duplication
ydr119w YDR119W VBA4 Protein of unknown function; proposed role as a basic amino acid permease based on phylogeny; GFP-fusion protein localizes to vacuolar membrane; physical interaction with Atg27p suggests a possible role in autophagy; non-essential gene
ykr105c YKR105C VBA5 Plasma membrane protein of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS); involved in amino acid uptake and drug sensitivity; VBA5 has a paralog, VBA3, that arose from a segmental duplication
ydl128w YDL128W VCX1 Vacuolar membrane antiporter with Ca2+/H+ and K+/H+ exchange activity; involved in control of cytosolic Ca2+ and K+ concentrations; has similarity to sodium/calcium exchangers, including the bovine Na+/Ca2+,K+ antiporter
ygl258w YGL258W VEL1 Protein of unknown function; highly induced in zinc-depleted conditions and has increased expression in NAP1 deletion mutants; VEL1 has a paralog, YOR387C, that arose from a single-locus duplication
yer128w YER128W VFA1 Protein that interacts with Vps4p and has a role in vacuolar sorting; localizes to endosomes in a Vps4-dependent manner; overexpression causes canavanine sensitivity and confers a partial class D vacuole morphology
ybr235w YBR235W VHC1 Vacuolar membrane cation-chloride cotransporter (CCC); likely mediates K+ and Cl- cotransport into the vacuole; has a role in potassium homeostasis and salt tolerance; similar to mammalian electroneutral Na(+)-(K+)-C1- cotransporter family
yil056w YIL056W VHR1 Transcriptional activator; required for the vitamin H-responsive element (VHRE) mediated induction of VHT1 (Vitamin H transporter) and BIO5 (biotin biosynthesis intermediate transporter) in response to low biotin concentrations; VHR1 has a paralog, VHR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer064c YER064C VHR2 Non-essential nuclear protein; null mutation has global effects on transcription; VHR2 has a paralog, VHR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ydr247w YDR247W VHS1 Cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase; identified as a high-copy suppressor of the synthetic lethality of a sis2 sit4 double mutant, suggesting a role in G1/S phase progression; VHS1 has a paralog, SKS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil135c YIL135C VHS2 Cytoplasmic protein of unknown function; identified as a high-copy suppressor of the synthetic lethality of a sis2 sit4 double mutant, suggesting a role in G1/S phase progression; VHS2 has a paralog, MLF3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor054c YOR054C VHS3 Negative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 Ppz1p; involved in coenzyme A biosynthesis; subunit of the phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (PPCDC; Cab3p, Sis2p, Vhs3p) complex and the CoA-Synthesizing Protein Complex (CoA-SPC: Cab2p, Cab3p, Cab4p, Cab5p, Sis2p and Vhs3p)
ylr373c YLR373C VID22 Glycosylated integral membrane protein localized to plasma membrane; plays a role in fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) degradation; involved in FBPase transport from the cytosol to Vid (vacuole import and degradation) vesicles; VID22 has a paralog, ENV11, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr105c YBR105C VID24 GID Complex regulatory subunit; binds GID Complex in response to glucose through interactions with complex member Vid28p; regulates fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) targeting to the vacuole; promotes proteasome-dependent catabolite degradation of FBPase; peripheral membrane protein located at Vid (vacuole import and degradation) vesicles
ynl212w YNL212W VID27 Cytoplasmic protein of unknown function; possibly involved in vacuolar protein degradation; not essential for proteasome-dependent degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase); null mutants exhibit normal growth
yil017c YIL017C VID28 GID Complex subunit, serves as adaptor for regulatory subunit Vid24p; protein involved in proteasome-dependent catabolite degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase); localized to the nucleus and the cytoplasm
ygl227w YGL227W VID30 Central component of GID Complex, involved in FBPase degradation; interacts strongly with Gid8p to serve as a scaffold for other GID Complex subunits; contains SPRY domain and 3 domains that are also found in Gid8p - LisH, CTLH, and CRA; required for association of Vid vesicles and actin patches in vacuole import and degradation pathway; shifts the balance of nitrogen metabolism toward glutamate production; localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm
ypl253c YPL253C VIK1 Protein that forms a kinesin-14 heterodimeric motor with Kar3p; localizes Kar3p at mitotic spindle poles; has a structure similar to a kinesin motor domain but lacks an ATP-binding site and is catalytically inactive; binds microtubules; required for sister chromatid cohesion; VIK1 has a paralog, CIK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr410w YLR410W VIP1 Inositol hexakisphosphate and inositol heptakisphosphate kinase; inositol heptakisphosphate (IP7) production is important for phosphate signaling; involved in cortical actin cytoskeleton function, and invasive pseudohyphal growth analogous to S. pombe asp1; inositol hexakisphosphate is also known as IP6
ydl185w YDL185W VMA1 Subunit A of the V1 peripheral membrane domain of V-ATPase; protein precursor undergoes self-catalyzed splicing to yield the extein Tfp1p and the intein Vde (PI-SceI), which is a site-specific endonuclease; the V1 peripheral membrane domain of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) has eight subunits
ypl234c YPL234C VMA11 Vacuolar ATPase V0 domain subunit c'; involved in proton transport activity; hydrophobic integral membrane protein (proteolipid) containing four transmembrane segments; N and C termini are in the vacuolar lumen
ypr036w YPR036W VMA13 Subunit H of the V1 peripheral membrane domain of V-ATPase; part of the electrogenic proton pump found throughout the endomembrane system; serves as an activator or a structural stabilizer of the V-ATPase; the V1 peripheral membrane domain of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) has eight subunits
yhr026w YHR026W VMA16 Subunit c'' of the vacuolar ATPase; v-ATPase functions in acidification of the vacuole; one of three proteolipid subunits of the V0 domain
ybr127c YBR127C VMA2 Subunit B of V1 peripheral membrane domain of vacuolar H+-ATPase; an electrogenic proton pump found throughout the endomembrane system; contains nucleotide binding sites; also detected in the cytoplasm; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr105w YGR105W VMA21 Integral membrane protein required for V-ATPase function; not an actual component of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) complex; diverged ortholog of human XMEA (X-linked Myopathy with Excessive Autophagy); functions in the assembly of the V-ATPase; localized to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
yhr060w YHR060W VMA22 Protein that is required for vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) function; peripheral membrane protein; not an actual component of the V-ATPase complex; functions in the assembly of the V-ATPase; localized to the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
yel027w YEL027W VMA3 Proteolipid subunit c of the V0 domain of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase; dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binding subunit; required for vacuolar acidification and important for copper and iron metal ion homeostasis
yor332w YOR332W VMA4 Subunit E of the V1 domain of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase); V-ATPase is an electrogenic proton pump found throughout the endomembrane system; V1 domain has eight subunits; required for the V1 domain to assemble onto the vacuolar membrane; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykl080w YKL080W VMA5 Subunit C of the V1 peripheral membrane domain of V-ATPase; part of the electrogenic proton pump found throughout the endomembrane system; required for the V1 domain to assemble onto the vacuolar membrane; the V1 peripheral membrane domain of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) has eight subunits
ylr447c YLR447C VMA6 Subunit d of the V0 integral membrane domain of V-ATPase; part of the electrogenic proton pump found in the endomembrane system; required for V1 domain assembly on the vacuolar membrane; the V0 integral membrane domain of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) has five subunits
ygr020c YGR020C VMA7 Subunit F of the V1 peripheral membrane domain of V-ATPase; part of the electrogenic proton pump found throughout the endomembrane system; required for the V1 domain to assemble onto the vacuolar membrane; the V1 peripheral membrane domain of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) has eight subunits
yel051w YEL051W VMA8 Subunit D of the V1 peripheral membrane domain of V-ATPase; part of the electrogenic proton pump found throughout the endomembrane system; plays a role in the coupling of proton transport and ATP hydrolysis; the V1 peripheral membrane domain of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) has eight subunits
yhl035c YHL035C VMR1 Vacuolar membrane protein; involved in multiple drug resistance and metal sensitivity; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member involved in drug transport; potential Cdc28p substrate; induced under respiratory conditions; VMR1 has a paralog, YBT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr049w YDR049W VMS1 Component of a Cdc48p-complex involved in protein quality control; exhibits cytosolic and ER-membrane localization, with Cdc48p, during normal growth, and contributes to ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of specific substrates at a step after their ubiquitination; forms a mitochondrially-associated complex with Cdc48p and Npl4p under oxidative stress that is required for ubiquitin-mediated mitochondria-associated protein degradation (MAD); conserved in C. elegans and humans
ynl321w YNL321W VNX1 Calcium/H+ antiporter localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane; member of the calcium exchanger (CAX) family; potential Cdc28p substrate
ygr106c YGR106C VOA1 ER protein that functions in assembly of the V0 sector of V-ATPase; functions with other assembly factors; null mutation enhances the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) deficiency of a vma21 mutant impaired in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval
yor270c YOR270C VPH1 Subunit a of vacuolar-ATPase V0 domain; one of two isoforms (Vph1p and Stv1p); Vph1p is located in V-ATPase complexes of the vacuole while Stv1p is located in V-ATPase complexes of the Golgi and endosomes; relative distribution to the vacuolar membrane decreases upon DNA replication stress
ykl119c YKL119C VPH2 Integral membrane protein required for V-ATPase function; not an actual component of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) complex; functions in the assembly of the V-ATPase; localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
ykr001c YKR001C VPS1 Dynamin-like GTPase required for vacuolar sorting; also involved in actin cytoskeleton organization, endocytosis, late Golgi-retention of some proteins, regulation of peroxisome biogenesis
yll040c YLL040C VPS13 Protein involved in prospore membrane morphogenesis; heterooligomeric or homooligomeric complex; peripherally associated with membranes; involved in sporulation, vacuolar protein sorting, prospore membrane formation during sporulatoin, and protein-Golgi retention; homologous to human CHAC and COH1 which are involved in chorea acanthocytosis and Cohen syndrome, respectively
ybr097w YBR097W VPS15 Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in vacuolar protein sorting; functions as a membrane-associated complex with Vps34p; active form recruits Vps34p to the Golgi membrane; interacts with the GDP-bound form of Gpa1p; myristoylated; a fraction is localized, with Vps34p, to nuclear pores at nucleus-vacuole junctions and may facilitate transcription elongation for genes positioned at the nuclear periphery
ypl045w YPL045W VPS16 Subunit of the HOPS and the CORVET complexes; part of the Class C Vps complex essential for membrane docking and fusion at Golgi-to-endosome and endosome-to-vacuole protein transport stages
yor132w YOR132W VPS17 Subunit of the membrane-associated retromer complex; essential for endosome-to-Golgi retrograde protein transport; peripheral membrane protein that assembles onto the membrane with Vps5p to promote vesicle formation; required for recruiting the retromer complex to the endosome membranes
ymr077c YMR077C VPS20 Myristoylated subunit of ESCRTIII; the endosomal sorting complex required for transport of transmembrane proteins into the multivesicular body pathway to the lysosomal/vacuolar lumen; cytoplasmic protein recruited to endosomal membranes
yor089c YOR089C VPS21 Endosomal Rab family GTPase; required for endocytic transport and sorting of vacuolar hydrolases; required for endosomal localization of the CORVET complex; required with YPT52 for MVB biogenesis and sorting; involved in autophagy and ionic stress tolerance; geranylgeranylation required for membrane association; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; mammalian Rab5 homolog; VPS21 has a paralog, YPT53, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl041w YKL041W VPS24 One of four subunits of the ESCRT-III complex; forms an endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) subcomplex with Did4p; involved in the sorting of transmembrane proteins into the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway
yjr102c YJR102C VPS25 Component of the ESCRT-II complex; ESCRT-II is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome
ynr006w YNR006W VPS27 Endosomal protein that forms a complex with Hse1p; required for recycling Golgi proteins, forming lumenal membranes and sorting ubiquitinated proteins destined for degradation; has Ubiquitin Interaction Motifs which bind ubiquitin (Ubi4p)
ypl065w YPL065W VPS28 Component of the ESCRT-I complex; complex is involved in ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; conserved C-terminal domain interacts with ESCRT-III subunit Vps20p; other members include Stp22p, Srn2p, Vps28p, and Mvb12p
yhr012w YHR012W VPS29 Subunit of the membrane-associated retromer complex; endosomal protein; essential for endosome-to-Golgi retrograde transport; forms a subcomplex with Vps35p and Vps26p that selects cargo proteins for endosome-to-Golgi retrieval
ydr495c YDR495C VPS3 Component of CORVET membrane tethering complex; cytoplasmic protein required for the sorting and processing of soluble vacuolar proteins, acidification of the vacuolar lumen, and assembly of the vacuolar H+-ATPase
ypl120w YPL120W VPS30 Subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase complexes I and II; Complex I is essential in autophagy and Complex II is required for vacuolar protein sorting; required for overflow degradation of misfolded proteins when ERAD is saturated; C-terminus has a novel globular fold that is essential for autophagy through the targeting of the PI3-kinase complex I to the pre-autophagosomal structure; ortholog of the higher eukaryotic gene Beclin 1
ylr396c YLR396C VPS33 ATP-binding protein that is a subunit of the HOPS and CORVET complexes; essential for protein sorting, vesicle docking, and fusion at the vacuole; binds to SNARE domains
ylr240w YLR240W VPS34 Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase that synthesizes PI-3-phosphate; forms membrane-associated signal transduction complex with Vps15p to regulate protein sorting; activated by the GTP-bound form of Gpa1p; a fraction is localized, with Vps15p, to nuclear pores at nucleus-vacuole junctions and may facilitate transcription elongation for genes positioned at the nuclear periphery
yjl154c YJL154C VPS35 Endosomal subunit of membrane-associated retromer complex; required for retrograde transport; receptor that recognizes retrieval signals on cargo proteins, forms subcomplex with Vps26p and Vps29p that selects cargo proteins for retrieval; interacts with Ypt7p
ylr417w YLR417W VPS36 Component of the ESCRT-II complex; contains the GLUE (GRAM Like Ubiquitin binding in EAP45) domain which is involved in interactions with ESCRT-I and ubiquitin-dependent sorting of proteins into the endosome; plays a role in the formation of mutant huntingtin (Htt) aggregates in yeast
ylr360w YLR360W VPS38 Part of a Vps34p phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex; functions in carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) sorting; binds Vps30p and Vps34p to promote production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) which stimulates kinase activity; required for overflow degradation of misfolded proteins when ERAD is saturated
ypr173c YPR173C VPS4 AAA-ATPase involved in multivesicular body (MVB) protein sorting; ATP-bound Vps4p localizes to endosomes and catalyzes ESCRT-III disassembly and membrane release; ATPase activity is activated by Vta1p; regulates cellular sterol metabolism
ydr080w YDR080W VPS41 Vacuolar membrane protein that is a subunit of the HOPS complex; essential for membrane docking and fusion at the Golgi-to-endosome and endosome-to-vacuole stages of protein transport; the homotypic vacuole fusion and vacuole protein sorting complex is also known as the HOPS complex
ygl095c YGL095C VPS45 Protein of the Sec1p/Munc-18 family; essential for vacuolar protein sorting; required for the function of Pep12p and the early endosome/late Golgi SNARE Tlg2p; essential for fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles with the prevacuolar compartment
yor069w YOR069W VPS5 Nexin-1 homolog; required for localizing membrane proteins from a prevacuolar/late endosomal compartment back to late Golgi; structural component of retromer membrane coat complex; forms a retromer subcomplex with Vps17p; required for recruiting the retromer complex to the endosome membranes; VPS5 has a paralog, YKR078W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr020w YKR020W VPS51 Component of the GARP (Golgi-associated retrograde protein) complex; this complex is required for the recycling of proteins from endosomes to the late Golgi; links the (VFT/GARP) complex to the SNARE Tlg1p; members of the GARP complex are Vps51p-Vps52p-Vps53p-Vps54p,
ydr484w YDR484W VPS52 Component of the GARP (Golgi-associated retrograde protein) complex; this complex is required for the recycling of proteins from endosomes to the late Golgi; involved in localization of actin and chitin; members of the GARP complex are Vps51p-Vps52p-Vps53p-Vps54p
yjl029c YJL029C VPS53 Component of the GARP (Golgi-associated retrograde protein) complex; this complex is required for the recycling of proteins from endosomes to the late Golgi; required for vacuolar protein sorting; members of the GARP complex are Vps51p-Vps52p-Vps53p-Vps54p,
ydr027c YDR027C VPS54 Component of the GARP (Golgi-associated retrograde protein) complex; this complex is required for the recycling of proteins from endosomes to the late Golgi; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; members of the GARP complex are Vps51p-Vps52p-Vps53p-Vps54p
yjr044c YJR044C VPS55 Late endosomal protein involved in late endosome to vacuole transport; functional homolog of human obesity receptor gene-related protein (OB-RGRP)
ydr486c YDR486C VPS60 Protein involved in late endosome to vacuole transport; cytoplasmic and vacuolar membrane protein; required for normal filament maturation during pseudohyphal growth; may function in targeting cargo proteins for degradation; interacts with Vta1p
ydr136c YDR136C VPS61 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 4% of ORF overlaps the verified gene RGP1; deletion causes a vacuolar protein sorting defect
ygr141w YGR141W VPS62 Vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) protein; required for cytoplasm to vacuole targeting of proteins; VPS62 has a paralog, TDA6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr261c YLR261C VPS63 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 98% of ORF overlaps the verified gene YPT6; deletion causes a vacuolar protein sorting defect
ydr200c YDR200C VPS64 Protein required for cytoplasm to vacuole targeting of proteins; forms a complex with Far3p and Far7p to Far11p involved in recovery from pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; VPS64 has a paralog, FAR10, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr322w YLR322W VPS65 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 75% of ORF overlaps the verified gene SFH1; deletion causes a vacuolar protein sorting defect and blocks anaerobic growth
yol129w YOL129W VPS68 Vacuolar membrane protein of unknown function; involved in vacuolar protein sorting; also detected in the mitochondria
ypr087w YPR087W VPS69 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 85% of ORF overlaps the verified gene SRP54; deletion causes a vacuolar protein sorting defect
yjr126c YJR126C VPS70 Protein of unknown function involved in vacuolar protein sorting
yml041c YML041C VPS71 Nucleosome-binding component of the SWR1 complex; SWR1 exchanges histone variant H2AZ (Htz1p) for chromatin-bound histone H2A; required for vacuolar protein sorting
ydr485c YDR485C VPS72 Htz1p-binding component of the SWR1 complex; exchanges histone variant H2AZ (Htz1p) for chromatin-bound histone H2A; may function as a lock that prevents removal of H2AZ from nucleosomes; required for vacuolar protein sorting
ygl104c YGL104C VPS73 Mitochondrial protein; mutation affects vacuolar protein sorting; putative transporter; member of the sugar porter family; VPS73 has a paralog, YBR241C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr372c YDR372C VPS74 Golgi phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase effector and PtdIns4P sensor; interacts with the cytosolic domains of cis and medial glycosyltransferases, and in the PtdIns4P-bound state mediates the targeting of these enzymes to the Golgi; interacts with the catalytic domain of Sac1p, the major cellular PtdIns4P phosphatase, to direct dephosphosphorylation of the Golgi pool of PtdIns4P; tetramerization required for function; ortholog of human GOLPH3/GPP34/GMx33
ynl246w YNL246W VPS75 NAP family histone chaperone; binds to histones and Rtt109p, stimulating histone acetyltransferase activity; possesses nucleosome assembly activity in vitro; proposed role in vacuolar protein sorting and in double-strand break repair; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
yal002w YAL002W VPS8 Membrane-binding component of the CORVET complex; involved in endosomal vesicle tethering and fusion in the endosome to vacuole protein targeting pathway; interacts with Vps21p; contains RING finger motif
yml097c YML097C VPS9 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF); involved in vesicle-mediated vacuolar transport, including Golgi-endosome trafficking and sorting through the multivesicular body (MVB); specifically stimulates the intrinsic guanine nucleotide exchange activity of Rab family members (Vps21p/Ypt52p/Ypt53p); partially redundant with GEF MUK1; required for localization of the CORVET complex to endosomes; similar to mammalian ras inhibitors; contains a VPS9 domain; binds ubiquitin
ylr181c YLR181C VTA1 Multivesicular body (MVB) protein; involved in endosomal protein sorting; regulates Vps4p activity by promoting its oligomerization; has an N-terminal Vps60- and Did2- binding domain, a linker region, and a C-terminal Vps4p binding domain
yer072w YER072W VTC1 Subunit of the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex; VTC complex is involved in membrane trafficking, vacuolar polyphosphate accumulation, microautophagy and non-autophagic vacuolar fusion; also has mRNA binding activity; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yfl004w YFL004W VTC2 Subunit of vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex; involved in membrane trafficking, vacuolar polyphosphate accumulation, microautophagy and non-autophagic vacuolar fusion; VTC2 has a paralog, VTC3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl019c YPL019C VTC3 Subunit of vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex; involved in membrane trafficking, vacuolar polyphosphate accumulation, microautophagy and non-autophagic vacuolar fusion; VTC3 has a paralog, VTC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil173w YIL173W VTH1 Putative membrane glycoprotein; has strong similarity to Vth2p and Pep1p/Vps10p; may be involved in vacuolar protein sorting
yor359w YOR359W VTS1 Flap-structured DNA-binding and RNA-binding protein; stimulates deadenylation-dependent mRNA degradation mediated by the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex; member of the Smaug (Smg) family of post-transcriptional regulators which bind RNA through a conserved sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain that interacts with Smg recognition element (SREs) containing transcripts; stimulates Dna2p endonuclease activity
yml076c YML076C WAR1 Homodimeric Zn2Cys6 zinc finger transcription factor; binds to a weak acid response element to induce transcription of PDR12 and FUN34, encoding an acid transporter and a putative ammonia transporter, respectively
yor043w YOR043W WHI2 Protein required for full activation of the general stress response; required with binding partner Psr1p, possibly through Msn2p dephosphorylation; regulates growth during the diauxic shift; negative regulator of G1 cyclin expression
ynl197c YNL197C WHI3 RNA binding protein that sequesters CLN3 mRNA in cytoplasmic foci; acts as a cytoplasmic retention factor for Cdc28p and associated cyclins; regulates cell fate and dose-dependently regulates the critical cell size required for passage through Start; Tpk1p (PKA) mediated phosphorylation (S568) inhibits Whi3p function, decreasing its interaction with CLN3 mRNA; WHI3 has a paralog, WHI4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl224c YDL224C WHI4 Putative RNA binding protein; regulates the cell size requirement for passage through Start and commitment to cell division; WHI4 has a paralog, WHI3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor083w YOR083W WHI5 Repressor of G1 transcription; binds to SCB binding factor (SBF) at SCB target promoters in early G1; phosphorylation of Whi5p by the CDK, Cln3p/Cdc28p relieves repression and promoter binding by Whi5; periodically expressed in G1; WHI5 has a paralog, SRL3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl283c YNL283C WSC2 Sensor-transducer of the stress-activated PKC1-MPK1 signaling pathway; involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity and recovery from heat shock; required for the arrest of secretion response; WSC2 has a paralog, WSC3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol105c YOL105C WSC3 Sensor-transducer of the stress-activated PKC1-MPK1 signaling pathway; involved in maintenance of cell wall integrity; involved in response to heat shock and other stressors; regulates 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis; WSC3 has a paralog, WSC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl028w YHL028W WSC4 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein; involved in the translocation of soluble secretory proteins and insertion of membrane proteins into the ER membrane; may also have a role in the stress response but has only partial functional overlap with WSC1-3
yhr134w YHR134W WSS1 Sumoylated protein localizing to the nuclear periphery of mother cells; localizes to a single spot on the nuclear periphery of mother cells but not daughters; interacts genetically with SMT3; UV-sensitive mutant phenotype and genetic interactions suggest a role in the DNA damage response
yor230w YOR230W WTM1 Transcriptional modulator; involved in regulation of meiosis, silencing, and expression of RNR genes; required for nuclear localization of the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit Rnr2p and Rnr4p; contains WD repeats
yor229w YOR229W WTM2 Transcriptional modulator; involved in regulation of meiosis, silencing, and expression of RNR genes; involved in response to replication stress; contains WD repeats; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; WTM2 has a paralog, UME1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfl010c YFL010C WWM1 WW domain containing protein of unknown function; binds to Mca1p, a caspase-related protease that regulates H2O2-induced apoptosis; overexpression causes G1 phase growth arrest and clonal death that is suppressed by overexpression of MCA1
yil101c YIL101C XBP1 Transcriptional repressor; binds to promoter sequences of the cyclin genes, CYS3, and SMF2; expression is induced by stress or starvation during mitosis, and late in meiosis; member of the Swi4p/Mbp1p family; potential Cdc28p substrate; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ylr090w YLR090W XDJ1 Chaperone with a role in facilitating mitochondrial protein import; ascomycete-specific member of the DnaJ-like family, closely related to Ydj1p; predicted to be C-terminally prenylated; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygr194c YGR194C XKS1 Xylulokinase; converts D-xylulose and ATP to xylulose 5-phosphate and ADP; rate limiting step in fermentation of xylulose; required for xylose fermentation by recombinant S. cerevisiae strains
yjr133w YJR133W XPT1 Xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase; required for xanthine utilization and for optimal utilization of guanine
ygl173c YGL173C XRN1 Evolutionarily-conserved 5'-3' exonuclease; component of cytoplasmic processing (P) bodies involved in mRNA decay; also enters the nucleus and positively regulates transcription initiation and elongation; plays a role in microtubule-mediated processes, filamentous growth, ribosomal RNA maturation, and telomere maintenance; activated by the scavenger decapping enzyme Dcs1p
ydr369c YDR369C XRS2 Protein required for DNA repair; component of the Mre11 complex, which is involved in double strand breaks, meiotic recombination, telomere maintenance, and checkpoint signaling
ylr070c YLR070C XYL2 Xylitol dehydrogenase; converts xylitol to D-xylulose; expression induced by xylose, even though this pentose sugar is not well utilized by S. cerevisiae; null mutant has cell wall defect
ynl107w YNL107W YAF9 Subunit of NuA4 histone H4 acetyltransferase and SWR1 complexes; may function to antagonize silencing near telomeres; interacts directly with Swc4p; has homology to human leukemogenic protein AF9; contains a YEATS domain
yjl141c YJL141C YAK1 Serine-threonine protein kinase; component of a glucose-sensing system that inhibits growth in response to glucose availability; upon nutrient deprivation Yak1p phosphorylates Pop2p to regulate mRNA deadenylation, the co-repressor Crf1p to inhibit transcription of ribosomal genes, and the stress-responsive transcription factors Hsf1p and Msn2p; nuclear localization negatively regulated by the Ras/PKA signaling pathway in the presence of glucose
yml007w YML007W YAP1 Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor; required for oxidative stress tolerance; activated by H2O2 through the multistep formation of disulfide bonds and transit from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; Yap1p is degraded in the nucleus after the oxidative stress has passed; mediates resistance to cadmium; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; YAP1 has a paralog, CAD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr161c YHR161C YAP1801 Protein of the AP180 family, involved in clathrin cage assembly; binds Pan1p and clathrin; YAP1801 has a paralog, YAP1802, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr241c YGR241C YAP1802 Protein of the AP180 family, involved in clathrin cage assembly; binds Pan1p and clathrin; YAP1802 has a paralog, YAP1801, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl009c YHL009C YAP3 Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor
yir018w YIR018W YAP5 Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) iron-sensing transcription factor; involved in diauxic shift; YAP5 has a paralog, YAP7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr259c YDR259C YAP6 Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor; physically interacts with the Tup1-Cyc8 complex and recruits Tup1p to its targets; overexpression increases sodium and lithium tolerance; computational analysis suggests a role in regulation of expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism; YAP6 has a paralog, CIN5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol028c YOL028C YAP7 Putative basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor; YAP7 has a paralog, YAP5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl239w YPL239W YAR1 Ankyrin-repeat containing, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling chaperone; prevents aggregation of Rps3p in the cytoplasm, associates with free Rps3p in the cytoplasm and delivers it to the 90S in the nucleus; required for 40S ribosomal subunit export, biogenesis and adaptation to osmotic and oxidative stress; expression repressed by heat shock
yar035w YAR035W YAT1 Outer mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferase; minor ethanol-inducible enzyme involved in transport of activated acyl groups from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrial matrix; phosphorylated
yer024w YER024W YAT2 Carnitine acetyltransferase; has similarity to Yat1p, which is a carnitine acetyltransferase associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane
ybr216c YBR216C YBP1 Protein involved in cellular response to oxidative stress; required for oxidation of specific cysteine residues of transcription factor Yap1p, resulting in nuclear localization of Yap1p in response to stress; YBP1 has a paralog, YBP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl060w YGL060W YBP2 Central kinetochore associated protein; mediates mitotic progression; interacts with several central kinetochore proteins and centromeric histone Cse4p; role in resistance to oxidative stress; similar to Slk19p; YBP2 has a paralog, YBP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll048c YLL048C YBT1 Transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family; involved in bile acid transport; negative regulator of vacuole fusion; regulates release of lumenal Ca2+ stores; similar to mammalian bile transporters; YBT1 has a paralog, VMR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr135c YDR135C YCF1 Vacuolar glutathione S-conjugate transporter; member of ATP-binding cassette family; ATPase activity required to support vacuole fusion; forms stable complexes with vacuole fusion machinery; regulates Vam7p recruitment to vacuoles; has role in detoxifying metals such as cadmium, mercury, and arsenite; also transports unconjugated bilirubin, selenodigluthatione, and oxidized glutathione; similar to human cystic fibrosis protein CFTR
ygr203w YGR203W YCH1 Phosphatase with sequence similarity to Cdc25p; Arr2p and Mih1p; member of the single-domain rhodanese homology superfamily; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
yhr135c YHR135C YCK1 Palmitoylated plasma membrane-bound casein kinase I isoform; shares redundant functions with Yck2p in morphogenesis, proper septin assembly, endocytic trafficking, and glucose sensing; stabilized by Sod1p binding in the presence of glucose and oxygen, causing glucose repression of respiratory metabolism; YCK1 has a paralog, YCK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl154c YNL154C YCK2 Palmitoylated plasma membrane-bound casein kinase I isoform; shares redundant functions with Yck1p in morphogenesis, proper septin assembly, endocytic trafficking, and glucose sensing; stabilized by Sod1p binding in the presence of glucose and oxygen, causing glucose repression of respiratory metabolism; YCK2 has a paralog, YCK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer123w YER123W YCK3 Palmitoylated vacuolar membrane-localized casein kinase I isoform; negatively regulates vacuole fusion during hypertonic stress via phosphorylation of Vps41p; shares essential functions with Hrr25p; regulates vesicle fusion in AP-3 pathway
ycr004c YCR004C YCP4 Protein of unknown function; has sequence and structural similarity to flavodoxins; predicted to be palmitoylated; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yll055w YLL055W YCT1 High-affinity cysteine-specific transporter; has similarity to the Dal5p family of transporters; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; YCT1 is not an essential gene
ypl087w YPL087W YDC1 Alkaline dihydroceramidase, involved in sphingolipid metabolism; preferentially hydrolyzes dihydroceramide to a free fatty acid and dihydrosphingosine; has a minor reverse activity; YDC1 has a paralog, YPC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl064c YNL064C YDJ1 Type I HSP40 co-chaperone; involved in regulation of HSP90 and HSP70 functions; critical for determining cell size at Start as a function of growth rate; involved in protein translocation across membranes; member of the DnaJ family
yel004w YEL004W YEA4 Uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) transporter; required for cell wall chitin synthesis; localized to the ER
yel006w YEL006W YEA6 Putative mitochondrial NAD+ transporter; member of the mitochondrial carrier subfamily (see also YIA6); has putative human ortholog; YEA6 has a paralog, YIA6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel041w YEL041W YEF1 ATP-NADH kinase; phosphorylates both NAD and NADH; homooctameric structure consisting of 60-kDa subunits; similar to Pos5p; overexpression complements certain pos5 phenotypes; YEF1 has a paralog, UTR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll012w YLL012W YEH1 Steryl ester hydrolase; one of three gene products (Yeh1p, Yeh2p, Tgl1p) responsible for steryl ester hydrolase activity and involved in sterol homeostasis; localized to lipid particle membranes; YEH1 has a paralog, YEH2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr020c YLR020C YEH2 Steryl ester hydrolase; catalyzes steryl ester hydrolysis at the plasma membrane; involved in sterol metabolism; YEH2 has a paralog, YEH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl060w YBL060W YEL1 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor specific for Arf3p; localized to the bud neck and tip; required for localization of Arf3p to the bud neck and tip
yer041w YER041W YEN1 Holliday junction resolvase; promotes template switching during break-induced replication (BIR), causing non-reciprocal translocations (NRTs); localization is cell-cycle dependent and regulated by Cdc28p phosphorylation; homolog of human GEN1; similar to S. cerevisiae endonuclease Rth1p
ykl065c YKL065C YET1 Endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; homolog of human BAP31 protein; YET1 has a paralog, YET2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr040w YMR040W YET2 Protein of unknown function that may interact with ribosomes; based on co-purification experiments; homolog of human BAP31 protein; YET2 has a paralog, YET1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl072c YDL072C YET3 Protein of unknown function; YET3 null mutant decreases the level of secreted invertase; homolog of human BAP31 protein; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yfr007w YFR007W YFH7 Putative kinase with similarity to the PRK/URK/PANK kinase subfamily; the PRK/URK/PANK subfamily of P-loop kinases is also known as phosphoribulokinase/uridine kinase/bacterial pantothenate kinase
ydr319c YDR319C YFT2 Protein required for normal ER membrane biosynthesis; member of the highly conserved FIT family of proteins involved in triglyceride droplet biosynthesis and homologous to human FIT2; interacts with Sst2p and Hsp82p in high-throughput two-hybrid screens
yol128c YOL128C YGK3 Protein kinase related to mammalian GSK-3 glycogen synthase kinases; GSK-3 homologs (Mck1p, Rim11p, Mrk1p, Ygk3p) are involved in control of Msn2p-dependent transcription of stress responsive genes and in protein degradation; YGK3 has a paralog, MCK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl160w YNL160W YGP1 Cell wall-related secretory glycoprotein; induced by nutrient deprivation-associated growth arrest and upon entry into stationary phase; may be involved in adaptation prior to stationary phase entry; YGP1 has a paralog, SPS100, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr234w YGR234W YHB1 Nitric oxide oxidoreductase; flavohemoglobin involved in nitric oxide detoxification; plays a role in the oxidative and nitrosative stress responses; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
yjl059w YJL059W YHC3 Protein required for the ATP-dependent transport of arginine; vacuolar membrane protein; involved in the ATP-dependent transport of arginine into the vacuole and possibly in balancing ion homeostasis; homolog of human CLN3 involved in Batten disease (juvenile onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis)
yhr029c YHR029C YHI9 Protein of unknown function; null mutant is defective in unfolded protein response; possibly involved in a membrane regulation metabolic pathway; member of the PhzF superfamily, though most likely not involved in phenazine production
yhr048w YHR048W YHK8 Presumed antiporter of the major facilitator superfamily; member of the 12-spanner drug:H(+) antiporter DHA1 family; expression of gene is up-regulated in cells exhibiting reduced susceptibility to azoles
ymr241w YMR241W YHM2 Citrate and oxoglutarate carrier protein; exports citrate from and imports oxoglutarate into the mitochondrion, causing net export of NADPH reducing equivalents; also associates with mt nucleoids and has a role in replication and segregation of the mt genome
ydr451c YDR451C YHP1 Homeobox transcriptional repressor; binds Mcm1p and early cell cycle box (ECB) elements of cell cycle regulated genes, thereby restricting ECB-mediated transcription to the M/G1 interval; YHP1 has a paralog, YOX1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil006w YIL006W YIA6 Mitochondrial NAD+ transporter; involved in the transport of NAD+ into the mitochondria (see also YEA6); member of the mitochondrial carrier subfamily; disputed role as a pyruvate transporter; has putative mouse and human orthologs; YIA6 has a paralog, YEA6, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl201c YPL201C YIG1 Protein that interacts with glycerol 3-phosphatase; plays a role in anaerobic glycerol production; localizes to the nucleus and cytosol
ycr059c YCR059C YIH1 Negative regulator of eIF2 kinase Gcn2p; competes with Gcn2p for binding to Gcn1p; may contribute to regulation of translation in response to starvation via regulation of Gcn2p; binds to monomeric actin and to ribosomes and polyribosomes; ortholog of mammalian IMPACT
ymr152w YMR152W YIM1 Protein of unknown function; null mutant displays sensitivity to DNA damaging agents; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr151w YMR151W YIM2 Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 5% of ORF overlaps the verified gene IMP1
ynl044w YNL044W YIP3 Protein localized to COPII vesicles; proposed to be involved in ER to Golgi transport; interacts with members of the Rab GTPase family and Yip1p; also interacts with Rtn1p
ygl198w YGL198W YIP4 Protein that interacts with Rab GTPases; localized to late Golgi vesicles; computational analysis of large-scale protein-protein interaction data suggests a possible role in vesicle-mediated transport
ygl161c YGL161C YIP5 Protein that interacts with Rab GTPases; localized to late Golgi vesicles; computational analysis of large-scale protein-protein interaction data suggests a possible role in vesicle-mediated transport
ykl094w YKL094W YJU3 Monoglyceride lipase (MGL); functional ortholog of mammalian MGL, localizes to lipid particles and membranes, also member of the eukaryotic serine hydrolase family
ylr200w YLR200W YKE2 Subunit of the heterohexameric Gim/prefoldin protein complex; involved in the folding of alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, and actin; prefoldin complex also localizes to chromatin of actively transcribed genes in the nucleus and facilitates transcriptional elongation
yil023c YIL023C YKE4 Zinc transporter; localizes to the ER; null mutant is sensitive to calcofluor white, leads to zinc accumulation in cytosol; ortholog of the mouse KE4 and member of the ZIP (ZRT, IRT-like Protein) family
ymr284w YMR284W YKU70 Subunit of the telomeric Ku complex (Yku70p-Yku80p); involved in telomere length maintenance, structure and telomere position effect; required for localization of telomerase ribonucleoprotein to nucleus via interaction with the TLC1 guide RNA; relocates to sites of double-strand cleavage to promote nonhomologous end joining during DSB repair
ymr106c YMR106C YKU80 Subunit of the telomeric Ku complex (Yku70p-Yku80p); involved in telomere length maintenance, structure and telomere position effect; required for localization of telomerase ribonucleoprotein via interaction with the TLC1 guide RNA; relocates to sites of double-strand cleavage to promote nonhomologous end joining during DSB repair
yhl014c YHL014C YLF2 Protein of unknown function; has weak similarity to E. coli GTP-binding protein gtp1; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ypr125w YPR125W YLH47 Mitochondrial inner membrane protein; exposed to the mitochondrial matrix; associates with mitochondrial ribosomes; NOT required for respiratory growth; homolog of human Letm1, a protein implicated in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
ypr058w YPR058W YMC1 Putative mitochondrial inner membrane transporter; proposed role in oleate metabolism and glutamate biosynthesis; member of the mitochondrial carrier (MCF) family; localizes to vacuole in response to H2O2; YMC1 has a paralog, YMC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr104w YBR104W YMC2 Putative mitochondrial inner membrane transporter; proposed role in oleate metabolism and glutamate biosynthesis; member of the mitochondrial carrier (MCF) family; YMC2 has a paralog, YMC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml038c YML038C YMD8 Putative nucleotide sugar transporter; has similarity to Vrg4p
ypr024w YPR024W YME1 Catalytic subunit of the i-AAA protease complex; complex is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane; responsible for degradation of unfolded or misfolded mitochondrial gene products; serves as a nonconventional translocation motor to pull PNPase into the intermembrane space; also has a role in intermembrane space protein folding; mutation causes an elevated rate of mitochondrial turnover
ymr302c YMR302C YME2 Integral inner mitochondrial membrane protein; role in maintaining mitochondrial nucleoid structure and number; mutants exhibit an increased rate of mitochondrial DNA escape; shows some sequence similarity to exonucleases
yjr110w YJR110W YMR1 Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) phosphatase; involved in various protein sorting pathways, including CVT targeting and endosome to vacuole transport; has similarity to the conserved myotubularin dual specificity phosphatase family
yfr049w YFR049W YMR31 Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the small subunit; has similarity to human mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRP-S36
yer005w YER005W YND1 Apyrase with wide substrate specificity; helps prevent inhibition of glycosylation by hydrolyzing nucleoside tri- and diphosphates that inhibit glycotransferases; partially redundant with Gda1p; mediates adenovirus E4orf4-induced toxicity
yor064c YOR064C YNG1 Subunit of the NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex; this complex acetylates histone H3; contains PHD finger domain that interacts with methylated histone H3, has similarity to the human tumor suppressor ING1
ykl067w YKL067W YNK1 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase; catalyzes the transfer of gamma phosphates from nucleoside triphosphates, usually ATP, to nucleoside diphosphates by a mechanism that involves formation of an autophosphorylated enzyme intermediate; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypr028w YPR028W YOP1 Membrane protein that interacts with Yip1p to mediate membrane traffic; interacts with Sey1p to maintain ER morphology; overexpression leads to cell death and accumulation of internal cell membranes; mutants have reduced phosphatidylserine transfer between the ER and mitochondria; forms ER foci upon DNA replication stress
ygr281w YGR281W YOR1 Plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter; multidrug transporter mediates export of many different organic anions including oligomycin; homolog of human cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR)
ydr057w YDR057W YOS9 ER quality-control lectin; integral subunit of the HRD ligase; participates in efficient ER retention of misfolded proteins by recognizing them and delivering them to Hrd1p; binds to glycans with terminal alpha-1,6 linked mannose on misfolded N-glycosylated proteins and participates in targeting proteins to ERAD; member of the OS-9 protein family
yml027w YML027W YOX1 Homeobox transcriptional repressor; binds to Mcm1p and to early cell cycle boxes (ECBs) in the promoters of cell cycle-regulated genes expressed in M/G1 phase; expression is cell cycle-regulated; potential Cdc28p substrate; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; YOX1 has a paralog, YHP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr183w YBR183W YPC1 Alkaline ceramidase; also has reverse (CoA-independent) ceramide synthase activity; catalyzes both breakdown and synthesis of phytoceramide; overexpression confers fumonisin B1 resistance; YPC1 has a paralog, YDC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl126w YKL126W YPK1 Serine/threonine protein kinase; phosphorylates and downregulates flippase activator Fpk1p; inactivates Orm1p and Orm2p (inhibitors of serine:palmitoyl-coenzyme A transferase) by phosphorylation in response to compromised sphingolipid synthesis; mutations affect receptor-mediated endocytosis and sphingolipid-mediated and cell integrity signaling pathways; homolog of mammalian kinase SGK; YPK1 has a paralog, YPK2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr104c YMR104C YPK2 Protein kinase similar to serine/threonine protein kinase Ypk1p; functionally redundant with YPK1 at the genetic level; participates in a signaling pathway required for optimal cell wall integrity; homolog of mammalian kinase SGK; YPK2 has a paralog, YPK1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr028c YBR028C YPK3 AGC kinase; phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in a TORC1-dependent manner
yor291w YOR291W YPK9 Vacuolar protein with a possible role in sequestering heavy metals; has similarity to the type V P-type ATPase Spf1p; homolog of human ATP13A2 (PARK9), mutations in which are associated with Parkinson disease and Kufor-Rakeb syndrome
yol092w YOL092W YPQ1 Putative vacuolar membrane transporter for cationic amino acids; likely contributes to amino acid homeostasis by exporting cationic amino acids from the vacuole; member of the PQ-loop family, with seven transmembrane domains; similar to mammalian PQLC2 vacuolar transporter; YPQ1 has a paralog, RTC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr352w YDR352W YPQ2 Putative vacuolar membrane transporter for cationic amino acids; likely contributes to amino acid homeostasis by exporting cationic amino acids from the vacuole; member of the PQ-loop family, with seven transmembrane domains; mutant phenotype is functionally complemented by rat PQLC2 vacuolar transporter
ydr368w YDR368W YPR1 NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase; reduces multiple substrates including 2-methylbutyraldehyde and D,L-glyceraldehyde, expression is induced by osmotic and oxidative stress; functionally redundant with other aldo-keto reductases; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; YPR1 has a paralog, GCY1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr120c YLR120C YPS1 Aspartic protease; member of the yapsin family of proteases involved in cell wall growth and maintenance; attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor; YPS1 has a paralog, MKC7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr121c YLR121C YPS3 Aspartic protease; member of the yapsin family of proteases involved in cell wall growth and maintenance; attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor
ygl259w YGL259W YPS5 Protein with similarity to GPI-anchored aspartic proteases; such proteases are Yap1p and Yap3p
yir039c YIR039C YPS6 Putative GPI-anchored aspartic protease; member of the yapsin family of proteases involved in cell wall growth and maintenance
ydr349c YDR349C YPS7 Putative GPI-anchored aspartic protease; member of the yapsin family of proteases involved in cell wall growth and maintenance; located in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum
ybr264c YBR264C YPT10 Rab family GTP-binding protein; contains the PEST signal sequence specific for proteolytic enzymes; may be involved in vesicular transport; overexpression leads to accumulation of Golgi-like cisternae with budding vesicles
ynl304w YNL304W YPT11 Putative Rab family GTPase that interacts with the C-terminal domain of Myo2p; mediates distribution of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticuli to daughter cells
yer031c YER031C YPT31 Rab family GTPase; involved in the exocytic pathway; mediates intra-Golgi traffic or the budding of post-Golgi vesicles from the trans-Golgi; YPT31 has a paralog, YPT32, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygl210w YGL210W YPT32 Rab family GTPase involved in the exocytic pathway; mediates intra-Golgi traffic or the budding of post-Golgi vesicles from the trans-Golgi; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; YPT32 has a paralog, YPT31, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr105w YHR105W YPT35 Endosomal protein of unknown function; contains a phox (PX) homology domain; binds to both phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) and proteins involved in ER-Golgi or vesicular transport
ykr014c YKR014C YPT52 Endosomal Rab family GTPase; required for vacuolar protein sorting, endocytosis and multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis and sorting; required for localization of the CORVET complex to endosomes; involved in autophagy and ionic stress tolerance; similar to Vps21p and Ypt53p; mammalian Rab5 homolog; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ynl093w YNL093W YPT53 Stress-induced Rab family GTPase; required for vacuolar protein sorting and endocytosis; involved in ionic stress tolerance; similar to Vps21p and Ypt52p; functional homolog of Vps21p; mammalian Rab5 homolog; YPT53 has a paralog, VPS21, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr262c YLR262C YPT6 Rab family GTPase; Ras-like GTP binding protein involved in the secretory pathway, required for fusion of endosome-derived vesicles with the late Golgi, maturation of the vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y; has similarity to the human GTPase, Rab6
yml001w YML001W YPT7 Rab family GTPase; GTP-binding protein of the rab family; required for homotypic fusion event in vacuole inheritance, for endosome-endosome fusion; interacts with the cargo selection/retromer complex for retrograde sorting; similar to mammalian Rab7
ykl214c YKL214C YRA2 Member of the REF (RNA and export factor binding proteins) family; when overexpressed, can substitute for the function of Yra1p in export of poly(A)+ mRNA from the nucleus
ygl164c YGL164C YRB30 RanGTP-binding protein; inhibits RanGAP1 (Rna1p)-mediated GTP hydrolysis of RanGTP (Gsp1p); shares similarity to proteins in other fungi but not in higher eukaryotes
ynl339c YNL339C YRF1-6 Helicase encoded by the Y' element of subtelomeric regions; highly expressed in the mutants lacking the telomerase component TLC1; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p
yor172w YOR172W YRM1 Zinc finger transcription factor involved in multidrug resistance; Zn(2)-Cys(6) zinc finger transcription factor; activates genes involved in multidrug resistance; paralog of Yrr1p, acting on an overlapping set of target genes
ybr054w YBR054W YRO2 Protein of unknown function with similarity to archaeal rhodopsins; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in a phosphorylated state in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; transcriptionally regulated by Haa1p; YRO2 has a paralog, MRH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor162c YOR162C YRR1 Zn2-Cys6 zinc-finger transcription factor; activates genes involved in multidrug resistance; paralog of Yrm1p, acting on an overlapping set of target genes; YRR1 has a paralog, PDR8, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr111c YBR111C YSA1 Nudix hydrolase family member with ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase activity; shown to metabolize O-acetyl-ADP-ribose to AMP and acetylated ribose 5'-phosphate
yhr017w YHR017W YSC83 Non-essential mitochondrial protein of unknown function; mRNA induced during meiosis, peaking between mid to late prophase of meiosis I; similar to S. douglasii YSD83
yhr016c YHR016C YSC84 Actin-binding protein; involved in bundling of actin filaments and endocytosis of actin cortical patches; activity stimulated by Las17p; contains SH3 domain similar to Rvs167p; YSC84 has a paralog, LSB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr155w YHR155W YSP1 Mitochondrial protein; potential role in promoting mitochondrial fragmentation during programmed cell death in response to high levels of alpha-factor mating pheromone or the drug amiodarone; YSP1 has a paralog, SIP3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr326c YDR326C YSP2 Protein involved in programmed cell death; mutant shows resistance to cell death induced by amiodarone or intracellular acidification; YSP2 has a paralog, YHR080C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor003w YOR003W YSP3 Putative precursor to the subtilisin-like protease III; YSP3 has a paralog, PRB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr053c YKR053C YSR3 Dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate phosphatase; membrane protein involved in sphingolipid metabolism; YSR3 has a paralog, LCB3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr148w YBR148W YSW1 Protein required for normal prospore membrane formation; interacts with Gip1p, which is the meiosis-specific regulatory subunit of the Glc7p protein phosphatase; expressed specifically in spores and localizes to the prospore membrane; YSW1 has a paralog, SPO21, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr162w-a YBR162W-A YSY6 Protein of unknown function; expression suppresses a secretory pathway mutation in E. coli; has similarity to the mammalian RAMP4 protein involved in secretion
ymr089c YMR089C YTA12 Component, with Afg3p, of mitochondrial inner membrane m-AAA protease; mediates degradation of misfolded or unassembled proteins; also required for correct assembly of mitochondrial enzyme complexes
ypl074w YPL074W YTA6 Putative ATPase of the CDC48/PAS1/SEC18 (AAA) family; localized to the cortex of mother cells but not to daughter cells; relocalizes from cytoplasm to plasma membrane foci upon DNA replication stress
ygr270w YGR270W YTA7 Protein that localizes to chromatin; has a role in regulation of histone gene expression; has a bromodomain-like region that interacts with the N-terminal tail of histone H3, and an ATPase domain; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p
ynl237w YNL237W YTP1 Probable type-III integral membrane protein of unknown function; has regions of similarity to mitochondrial electron transport proteins
yjr099w YJR099W YUH1 Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase; cleaves ubiquitin-protein fusions to generate monomeric ubiquitin; hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminus of ubiquitin; also the major processing enzyme for the ubiquitin-like protein Rub1p
yjl139c YJL139C YUR1 Mannosyltransferase involved in protein N-glycosylation; member of the KTR1 family; located in the Golgi apparatus; YUR1 has a paralog, KTR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yir026c YIR026C YVH1 Protein phosphatase; involved in vegetative growth at low temperatures, sporulation, and glycogen accumulation; mutants are defective in 60S ribosome assembly; member of the dual-specificity family of protein phosphatases
yjl056c YJL056C ZAP1 Zinc-regulated transcription factor; binds to zinc-responsive promoters to induce transcription of certain genes in presence of zinc, represses other genes in low zinc; regulates its own transcription; contains seven zinc-finger domains
ymr273c YMR273C ZDS1 Protein with a role in regulating Swe1p-dependent polarized growth; involved in maintaining Cdc55p in the cytoplasm where it promotes mitotic entry; involved in mitotic exit through Cdc14p regulation; interacts with silencing proteins at telomeres; has a role in Bcy1p localization; implicated in mRNA nuclear export; ZDS1 has a paralog, ZDS2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml109w YML109W ZDS2 Protein with a role in regulating Swe1p-dependent polarized growth; involved in maintenance of Cdc55p in the cytoplasm where it promotes mitotic entry; interacts with silencing proteins at the telomere; implicated in the mitotic exit network through regulation of Cdc14p localization; ZDS2 has a paralog, ZDS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol109w YOL109W ZEO1 Peripheral membrane protein of the plasma membrane; interacts with Mid2p; regulates the cell integrity pathway mediated by Pkc1p and Slt2p; the authentic protein is detected in a phosphorylated state in highly purified mitochondria
ydr285w YDR285W ZIP1 Transverse filament protein of the synaptonemal complex; required for normal levels of meiotic recombination and pairing between homologous chromosome during meiosis; required for meiotic recombination between non-allelc sites; potential Cdc28p substrate
ygl249w YGL249W ZIP2 Meiosis-specific protein; involved in normal synaptonemal complex formation and pairing between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; relocalizes from mitochondrion to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ymr243c YMR243C ZRC1 Vacuolar membrane zinc transporter; transports zinc from cytosol to vacuole for storage; also has role in resistance to zinc shock resulting from sudden influx of zinc into cytoplasm; human ortholog SLC30A10 functions as a Mn transporter and mutations in SLC30A10 cause neurotoxic accumulation of Mn in liver and brain; ZRC1 has a paralog, COT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynr039c YNR039C ZRG17 Endoplasmic reticulum zinc transporter; part of a heterodimeric transporter with Msc2p that transfers zinc from the cytosol to the ER lumen; member of the cation diffusion facilitator family of efflux pumps; zinc-regulated directly through Zap1p; transcription induced under conditions of zinc deficiency
yer033c YER033C ZRG8 Protein of unknown function; authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; GFP-fusion protein is localized to the cytoplasm; transcription induced under conditions of zinc deficiency
ygl255w YGL255W ZRT1 High-affinity zinc transporter of the plasma membrane; responsible for the majority of zinc uptake; transcription is induced under low-zinc conditions by the Zap1p transcription factor
ylr130c YLR130C ZRT2 Low-affinity zinc transporter of the plasma membrane; transcription is induced under low-zinc conditions by the Zap1p transcription factor
ykl175w YKL175W ZRT3 Vacuolar membrane zinc transporter; transports zinc from storage in the vacuole to the cytoplasm when needed; transcription is induced under conditions of zinc deficiency
ybr046c YBR046C ZTA1 NADPH-dependent quinone reductase; GFP-tagged protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; has similarity to E. coli quinone oxidoreductase and to human zeta-crystallin
ygr285c YGR285C ZUO1 Ribosome-associated chaperone; functions in ribosome biogenesis and, in partnership with Ssz1p and SSb1/2, as a chaperone for nascent polypeptide chains; contains a DnaJ domain and functions as a J-protein partner for Ssb1p and Ssb2p
ynl241c YNL241C ZWF1 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD); catalyzes the first step of the pentose phosphate pathway; involved in adapting to oxidative stress; homolog of the human G6PD which is deficient in patients with hemolytic anemia; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr345w YLR345W Similar to 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase enzymes; mRNA expression is repressed by the Rfx1p-Tup1p-Ssn6p repressor complex; YLR345W is not an essential gene
yjl064w YJL064W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps the verified gene YJL065C/DLS1
ypr063c YPR063C ER-localized protein of unknown function
ypl191c YPL191C Putative protein of unknown function; diploid deletion strain exhibits high budding index; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YPL191C has a paralog, YGL082W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr203w YDR203W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps ORF RAV2/YDR202C
yor082c YOR082C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YOR083W
ynl095c YNL095C Putative protein of unknown function; predicted to contain a transmembrane domain; not an essential gene; YNL095C has a paralog, ECM3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr174c YBR174C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF YBR175W; null mutant is viable and sporulation defective
ypr153w YPR153W Putative protein of unknown function
ygl138c YGL138C Putative protein of unknown function; has no significant sequence similarity to any known protein
yel020c YEL020C Protein of unknown function with low sequence identity to Pdc1p; mRNA identified as translated by ribosome profiling data
yil141w YIL141W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yml053c YML053C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleus; overexpression causes a cell cycle delay or arrest; YML053C is not an essential gene
ydr274c YDR274C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynr021w YNR021W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; YNR021W is not an essential gene
yor223w YOR223W Subunit of the DSC ubiquitin ligase complex; protein of unknown function that localizes to the ER and vacuole lumen; overexpression affects endocytic protein trafficking; ortholog of fission yeast dsc3
ycr102c YCR102C Putative protein of unknown function; involved in copper metabolism; similar to C. carbonum toxD gene; member of the quinone oxidoreductase family
ynl010w YNL010W Putative protein of unknown function; similar to phosphoserine phosphatases; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; homozygous diploid mutant shows an increase in glycogen accumulation
yjr149w YJR149W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ybl053w YBL053W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydl176w YDL176W Protein of unknown function; predicted by computational methods to be involved in fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp1p) degradation; interacts with components of the GID complex; YDL176W is not an essential gene
ynl089c YNL089C Dubious open reading frame unlikely to encode a functional protein; almost completely overlaps YNL090W/RHO2 which encodes a small GTPase of the Rho/Rac subfamily of Ras-like proteins
yjl171c YJL171C GPI-anchored cell wall protein of unknown function; induced in response to cell wall damaging agents and by mutations in genes involved in cell wall biogenesis; sequence similarity to YBR162C/TOS1, a covalently bound cell wall protein; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ycr023c YCR023C Vacuolar membrane protein of unknown function; member of the multidrug resistance family; YCR023C is not an essential gene
yfl063w YFL063W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yil001w YIL001W Putative protein of unknown function; contains a BTB/POZ domain which generally function in protein interactions; deletion slightly improved competitive fitness in rich media; GFP-tagged protein is localized to the cytoplasm
ybr238c YBR238C Mitochondrial membrane protein; not required for respiratory growth but causes a synthetic respiratory defect in combination with rmd9 mutations; transcriptionally up-regulated by TOR; deletion increases life span; YBR238C has a paralog, RMD9, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykr041w YKR041W Protein of unknown function; localizes to the mitotic spindle; overexpression of YKR041W affects endocytic protein trafficking
yhr125w YHR125W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yjl027c YJL027C Putative protein of unknown function
ymr010w YMR010W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YMR010W is not an essential gene; YMR010W mRNA is transcribed with ADI1
ypl113c YPL113C Glyoxylate reductase; acts on glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate substrates; YPL113C is not an essential gene
ykr040c YKR040C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YKR041W
ybr219c YBR219C Putative protein of unknown function; YBR219C is not an essential gene
ypr195c YPR195C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypr096c YPR096C Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments
yil054w YIL054W Protein of unknown function; expressed at both mRNA and protein levels
ydl032w YDL032W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene SLM3/YDL033C; YDL032W is not an essential gene
ybr144c YBR144C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YBR144C is not an essential gene
ydr029w YDR029W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykl077w YKL077W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole
yll020c YLL020C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene KNS1
ylr173w YLR173W Putative protein of unknown function
yor318c YOR318C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; transcript is predicted to be spliced but there is no evidence that it is spliced in vivo
ydr089w YDR089W Protein of unknown function; deletion confers resistance to nickel; contains an SPX domain, which is found in proteins involved in phosphate homeostasis; relocalizes from vacuole to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ynr042w YNR042W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps verified gene COQ2
yol163w YOL163W Putative protein of unknown function; member of the Dal5p subfamily of the major facilitator family
yel068c YEL068C Protein of unknown function; expressed at both mRNA and protein levels
yil089w YIL089W Protein of unknown function found in the ER and vacuole lumen; overexpression of YIL089W affects endocytic protein trafficking
ymr226c YMR226C NADP(+)-dependent serine dehydrogenase and carbonyl reductase; acts on serine, L-allo-threonine, and other 3-hydroxy acids; green fluorescent protein fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments
ymr027w YMR027W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm; YMR027W is not an essential gene
ykr015c YKR015C Putative protein of unknown function
ynl228w YNL228W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps ORF YNL227C/JJJ1
ydr433w YDR433W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor055w YOR055W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yjl043w YJL043W Putative protein of unknown function; YJL043W is a non-essential gene
ycl076w YCL076W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygl108c YGL108C Protein of unknown function, predicted to be palmitoylated; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr334c YLR334C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps a stand-alone long terminal repeat sequence whose presence indicates a retrotransposition event occurred here
ylr444c YLR444C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yml119w YML119W Putative protein of unknown function; YML119W is not an essential gene; potential Cdc28p substrate
yml102c-a YML101C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr241w YLR241W Putative protein of unknown function; may be involved in detoxification
yil161w YIL161W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; mRNA is enriched in Scp160p-associated mRNPs; YIL161W is a non-essential gene
ypr130c YPR130C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor097c YOR097C Putative protein of unknown function; identified as interacting with Hsp82p in a high-throughput two-hybrid screen; YOR097C is not an essential gene
ybr012c YBR012C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; expression induced by iron-regulated transcriptional activator Aft2p
ynl120c YNL120C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; deletion enhances replication of Brome mosaic virus in S. cerevisiae, but likely due to effects on the overlapping gene
ypl077c YPL077C Putative protein of unknown function; regulates PIS1 expression; mutant displays spore wall assembly defect in ether sensitivity screen; YPL077C is not an essential gene; YPL077C has a paralog, YBR197C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml100w-a YML100W-A Putative protein of unknown function; identified by gene-trapping, microarray-based expression analysis, and genome-wide homology searching
yjr030c YJR030C Putative protein of unknown function; expression repressed in carbon limited vs carbon replete chemostat cultures; non-essential gene; YJR030C has a paralog, YJL181W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr021w YGR021W Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygl260w YGL260W Putative protein of unknown function; transcription is significantly increased in a NAP1 deletion background; deletion mutant has increased accumulation of nickel and selenium
yll056c YLL056C Putative protein of unknown function; transcription is activated by paralogous transcription factors Yrm1p and Yrr1p and genes involved in pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR); expression is induced in cells treated with the mycotoxin patulin
yhl037c YHL037C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yjl152w YJL152W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr352w YLR352W Putative protein of unknown function with similarity to F-box proteins; interacts with Skp1p and Cdc53p; YLR352W is not an essential gene
ygl140c YGL140C Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene; contains multiple predicted transmembrane domains
ymr122c YMR122C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yar028w YAR028W Putative integral membrane protein; member of DUP240 gene family; GFP-fusion protein is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
yil108w YIL108W Putative metalloendopeptidase; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
yor309c YOR309C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene NOP58
ygr269w YGR269W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF HUA1/YGR268C
yol079w YOL079W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr271w YLR271W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleus and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ynl296w YNL296W Dubious open reading frame unlikely to encode a functional protein; deletion adversely affects sporulation; deletion mutant exhibits synthetic phenotype under expression of mutant huntingtin fragment, but gene does not have human ortholog
ylr179c YLR179C Protein of unknown function with similarity to Tfs1p; transcription is activated by paralogous proteins Yrm1p and Yrr1p along with proteins involved in multidrug resistance; GFP-tagged protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus
yjr018w YJR018W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yir035c YIR035C Putative cytoplasmic short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase
ypl257w YPL257W Putative protein of unknown function; homozygous diploid deletion strain exhibits low budding index; physically interacts with Hsp82p; YPL257W is not an essential gene
yor292c YOR292C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole; YOR292C is not an essential gene
yer038w-a YER038W-A Mitochondrial protein of unknown function; almost completely overlaps ORF HVG1/YER039C
ydl172c YDL172C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykl123w YKL123W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene SSH4
ylr123c YLR123C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the dubious ORF YLR122C; contains characteristic aminoacyl-tRNA motif
ylr012c YLR012C Putative protein of unknown function; YLR012C is not an essential gene
yer187w YER187W Putative protein of unknown function; induced in respiratory-deficient cells
ylr278c YLR278C Zinc-cluster protein; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus; mutant shows moderate growth defect on caffeine; has a prion-domain like fragment that increases frequency of [URE3]; YLR278C is not an essential gene
yel043w YEL043W Predicted cytoskeleton protein involved in intracellular signaling; based on quantitative analysis of protein-protein interaction maps; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification studies; contains fibronectin type III domain fold
ycr099c YCR099C Putative protein of unknown function
yil025c YIL025C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydl218w YDL218W Putative protein of unknown function; YDL218W transcription is regulated by Azf1p and induced by starvation and aerobic conditions; expression also induced in cells treated with the mycotoxin patulin
ykr070w YKR070W Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ynl165w YNL165W Putative protein of unknown function; YNL165W is not an essential gene
ygl036w YGL036W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YGL036W is not an essential gene
ypr022c YPR022C Putative transcription factor, as suggested by computational analysis; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ylr287c YLR287C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YLR287C is not an essential gene
ydl157c YDL157C Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygr016w YGR016W Putative protein of unknown function
yhl012w YHL012W Putative UTP glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; YHL012W has a paralog, UGP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr018c YDR018C Probable membrane protein with three predicted transmembrane domains; similar to C. elegans F55A11.5 and maize 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; YDR018C has a paralog, CST26, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr010c YDR010C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ybl055c YBL055C 3'-->5' exonuclease and endonuclease with a possible role in apoptosis; has similarity to mammalian and C. elegans apoptotic nucleases
ycl042w YCL042W Putative protein of unknown function; epitope-tagged protein localizes to the cytoplasm
yel057c YEL057C Protein of unknown function involved in telomere maintenance; target of UME6 regulation
ycr006c YCR006C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ybl081w YBL081W Non-essential protein of unknown function; null mutation results in a decrease in plasma membrane electron transport
ygr164w YGR164W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykl066w YKL066W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; partially overlaps the verified gene YNK1
ymr155w YMR155W Putative protein of unknown function; identified as interacting with Hsp82p in a high-throughput two-hybrid screen
ylr111w YLR111W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr249c YDR249C Putative protein of unknown function
ygr153w YGR153W Putative protein of unknown function
ylr217w YLR217W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene CPR6
ypl260w YPL260W Putative substrate of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA); green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; YPL260W is not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr306c-a YMR306C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps 3' end of ORF FKS3/YMR306W
yor331c YOR331C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; open reading frame overlaps the verified gene VMA4/YOR332W
ydl050c YDL050C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr407w YLR407W Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant displays elongated buds and a large fraction of budded cells have only one nucleus
yor325w YOR325W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps the verified ORF FRT1
yhr127w YHR127W Protein of unknown function; localizes to the nucleus; required for asymmetric localization of Kar9p during mitosis
yal043c-a YAL042C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified ORF ERV46/YAL042W; YAL042C-A is a non-essential gene
ykl133c YKL133C Putative protein of unknown function; not required for growth of cells lacking the mitochondrial genome (null mutation does not confer a petite-negative phenotype); YKL133C has a paralog, MGR3, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr283w YLR283W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to mitochondria; YLR283W is not an essential gene
ymr320w YMR320W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr042c YLR042C Protein of unknown function; localizes to the cytoplasm; YLL042C is not an essential gene
ylr280c YLR280C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr008c YDR008C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps TRP1/YDR007W on opposite strand
yml108w YML108W Protein of unknown function; structure defines a new subfamily of the split beta-alpha-beta sandwiches; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; YML108W is not an essential gene; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yfl040w YFL040W Putative transporter; member of the sugar porter family; YFL040W is not an essential gene
ypl107w YPL107W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to mitochondria; YPL107W is not an essential gene
ygr035c YGR035C Putative protein of unknown function, potential Cdc28p substrate; transcription is activated by paralogous transcription factors Yrm1p and Yrr1p along with genes involved in multidrug resistance; YGR035C has a paralog, YLR346C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yer077c YER077C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the mitochondrion; null mutation results in a decrease in plasma membrane electron transport
yfl019c YFL019C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YFL019C is not an essential gene
ydr514c YDR514C Protein of unknown function that localizes to mitochondria; overexpression affects endocytic protein trafficking; YDR514C has a paralog, GFD2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl028w YNL028W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yll053c YLL053C Putative protein; in the Sigma 1278B strain background YLL053C is contiguous with AQY2 which encodes an aquaporin
ybr113w YBR113W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene CYC8
ydl094c YDL094C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verfied gene PMT5/YDL093W; YDL094C is not essential
ylr312c YLR312C Putative protein of unknown function
yil100w YIL100W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps the dubious ORF YIL100C-A
yor121c YOR121C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; open reading frame overlaps the verified gene GCY1/YOR120W
ydr401w YDR401W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykr023w YKR023W Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yjr079w YJR079W Putative protein of unknown function; mutation results in impaired mitochondrial respiration
ygr291c YGR291C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypr196w YPR196W Putative maltose-responsive transcription factor
ykr032w YKR032W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygr069w YGR069W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygl041c YGL041C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykr075c YKR075C Protein of unknown function; similar to Reg1p; expression regulated by glucose and Rgt1p; GFP-fusion protein is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; YKR075C has a paralog, YOR062C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr130c YHR130C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yer119c-a YER119C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; deletion mutation blocks replication of Brome mosaic virus in S. cerevisiae, but this is likely due to effects on the overlapping gene SCS2
ykl069w YKL069W Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase; reduces the R enantiomer of free Met-SO, in contrast to Ycl033Cp which reduces Met-R-SO in a peptide linkage; has a role in protection against oxidative stress; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yhr182w YHR182W Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery and cytoplasm; relocalizes from bud neck to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
ykl131w YKL131W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ycr087w YCR087W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps uncharacterized gene YCR087C-A; YCR087W is not an essential gene
ydl026w YDL026W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yjr003c YJR003C Putative protein of unknown function; detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; predicted to be involved in ribosome biogenesis
ynr064c YNR064C Epoxide hydrolase; member of the alpha/beta hydrolase fold family; may have a role in detoxification of epoxides
yor008c-a YOR008C-A Putative protein of unknown function; includes a potential transmembrane domain; deletion results in slightly lengthened telomeres
ydr090c YDR090C Putative protein of unknown function
yll007c YLL007C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YLL007C is not an essential gene
yil024c YIL024C Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene; expression directly regulated by the metabolic and meiotic transcriptional regulator Ume6p
yor378w YOR378W Putative paralog of ATR1; but not required for boron tolerance; member of the DHA2 family of drug:H+ antiporters; YOR378W is not an essential gene
yhr180w YHR180W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynl109w YNL109W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YNL108C
ybr139w YBR139W Putative serine type carboxypeptidase; role in phytochelatin synthesis; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole; expression induced by nitrogen limitation in a GLN3, GAT1-independent manner
ygl034c YGL034C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yir020w-b YIR020W-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr179w-a YDR179W-A Putative protein of unknown function
yjr154w YJR154W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ylr400w YLR400W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydl124w YDL124W NADPH-dependent alpha-keto amide reductase; reduces aromatic alpha-keto amides, aliphatic alpha-keto esters, and aromatic alpha-keto esters; member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygl165c YGL165C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF CUP2/YGL166W
ypl136w YPL136W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps the verified gene GIP3/YPL137C
yer156c YER156C Putative protein of unknown function; interacts with Hsp82p and copurifies with Ipl1p; expression is copper responsive and downregulated in strains deleted for MAC1, a copper-responsive transcription factor; similarity to mammalian MYG1
ymr087w YMR087W Putative ADP-ribose-1''-monophosphatase; converts ADP-ribose-1''-monophosphate to ADP-ribose; may have a role in tRNA splicing; contains an A1pp domain
ylr415c YLR415C Putative protein of unknown function; YLR415C is not an essential gene
ybl062w YBL062W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ymr315w YMR315W Protein with NADP(H) oxidoreductase activity; transcription is regulated by Stb5p in response to NADPH depletion induced by diamide; promoter contains a putative Stb5p binding site; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ynr068c YNR068C Putative protein of unknown function; exhibits homology to C-terminal end of Bul1p; expressed as a readthrough product of BSC5, the readthrough locus being termed BUL3; the BUL3 readthrough product is involved in ubiquitin-mediated sorting of plasma membrane proteins and interacts with WW domains of Rsp5p in vitro, but in a functionally different way than the non-readthrough form
yjl182c YJL182C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps uncharacterized ORF YJL181W
ynl303w YNL303W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynl234w YNL234W Protein of unknown function with similarity to globins; has a functional heme-binding domain; mutant has aneuploidy tolerance; transcription induced by stress conditions; may be involved in glucose signaling or metabolism; regulated by Rgt1
ypl067c YPL067C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YPL067C is not an essential gene
ypr099c YPR099C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene MRPL51/YPR100W
yjr142w YJR142W 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase of the Nudix hydrolase family; converts diphosphates of damaged forms of thiamin to monophosphates; GST fusion protein is a Dbf2p-Mob1p phosphorylation target in a proteome chip analysis; synthetic lethal with PH085 deletion; plays a role in restricting Ty1 transposition
yor283w YOR283W Phosphatase with a broad substrate specificity; has some similarity to GPM1/YKL152C, a phosphoglycerate mutase; YOR283W is not an essential gene
ypr174c YPR174C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nuclear periphery; potential Cdc28p substrate; binds phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylethanolamine in a large-scale study; relative distribution to foci at the nuclear periphery increases upon DNA replication stress; YPR174C has a paralog, NBP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ycr100c YCR100C Putative protein of unknown function
ylr282c YLR282C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; deletion mutation confers an increase in Ty1 transposition
ydr467c YDR467C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ycr090c YCR090C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; YCR090C is not an essential gene
yor364w YOR364W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YOR365C
ylr072w YLR072W Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; not an esssential gene; YLR072W has a paralog, YFL042C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr127w YPR127W Putative pyridoxine 4-dehydrogenase; differentially expressed during alcoholic fermentation; expression activated by transcription factor YRM1/YOR172W; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
yhl044w YHL044W Putative integral membrane protein; member of DUP240 gene family; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the plasma membrane in a punctate pattern
ymr187c YMR187C Putative protein of unknown function; YMR187C is not an essential gene
yor015w YOR015W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykl102c YKL102C Dubious open reading frame unlikely to encode a functional protein; deletion confers sensitivity to citric acid; predicted protein would include a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase active site
yor024w YOR024W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yar030c YAR030C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YAR029W and the verified gene PRM9
yml058c-a YML057C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene CMP2/YML057W
ypr039w YPR039W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified non essential genes ERV2/YPR037C and TIP41/YPR040W
ypr098c YPR098C Protein of unknown function; localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane
ybr259w YBR259W Protein of unknown function; YBR259W is not an essential gene; forms cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ypl080c YPL080C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yll032c YLL032C Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YLL032C is not an essential gene
ydl041w YDL041W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene SIR2/YDL042C
ydr262w YDR262W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; gene expression increases in response to Zymoliase treatment
ymr254c YMR254C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ymr147w YMR147W Putative protein of unknown function
ybr053c YBR053C Putative protein of unknown function; induced by cell wall perturbation
ygl114w YGL114W Putative protein of unknown function; predicted member of the oligopeptide transporter (OPT) family of membrane transporters
ygr012w YGR012W Putative cysteine synthase; localized to the mitochondrial outer membrane
ydr199w YDR199W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene VPS64/YDR200C; computationally predicted to have thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
ydr134c YDR134C Hypothetical protein; YDR134C has a paralog, CCW12, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll017w YLL017W Non-essential Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF); localized to the membrane; expressed in poor nutrient conditions and on nonfermentable carbon sources; contains a stop codon in S288C, full-length gene includes YLL016W; SDC25 has a paralog, CDC25, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl119c YJL119C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr455w YLR455W Nuclear protein of unknown function; deletion confers sensitivity to 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsenoxide (GSAO); protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
ygr130c YGR130C Component of the eisosome with unknown function; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; specifically phosphorylated in vitro by mammalian diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP7)
yol099c YOL099C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene PKH2/YOL100W; may interact with ribosomes
ydl012c YDL012C Tail-anchored plasma membrane protein with a conserved CYSTM module; possibly involved in response to stress; may contribute to non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) based on ydl012c htz1 double null phenotype; YDL012C has a paralog, YBR016W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml037c YML037C Putative protein of unknown function; has some characteristics of a transcriptional activator; may be a target of Dbf2p-Mob1p kinase; GFP-fusion protein co-localizes with clathrin-coated vesicles; YML037C is not an essential gene
ymr245w YMR245W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr257w YLR257W Protein of unknown function; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr434c YLR434C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF TSR2/YLR435W
ypr123c YPR123C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially/completely overlaps the verified ORF CTR
yhr210c YHR210C Putative aldose 1-epimerase superfamily protein; non-essential gene; highly expressed under anaeorbic conditions
yor248w YOR248W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yjl211c YJL211C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YJL210W/PEX2
yjl067w YJL067W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yol075c YOL075C Putative ABC transporter
ygl010w YGL010W Putative protein of unknown function; YGL010W is not an essential gene
ynr014w YNR014W Putative protein of unknown function; expression is cell-cycle regulated, Azf1p-dependent, and heat-inducible; YNR014W has a paralog, YMR206W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr202c YLR202C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF YLR201C; ORF contains a putative intron
yjl160c YJL160C Putative protein of unknown function; member of the PIR (proteins with internal repeats) family of cell wall proteins; non-essential gene that is required for sporulation; mRNA is weakly cell cycle regulated, peaking in mitosis; YJL160C has a paralog, PIR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr057c YMR057C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified ORF AAC1
ydr442w YDR442W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykl118w YKL118W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene VPH2
ygr017w YGR017W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm
ypr050c YPR050C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps verified ORF MAK3/YPR051W
ykl162c-a YKL162C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypr084w YPR084W Putative protein of unknown function
ylr224w YLR224W F-box protein and component of SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes; involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism; readily monoubiquitinated in vitro by SCF-Ubc4 complexes; YLR224W is not an essential gene
ycl046w YCL046W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YCL045C
ydr340w YDR340W Putative protein of unknown function
ymr173w-a YMR173W-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene DDR48/YML173W
ydl162c YDL162C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps ENT1/YDL161W, a verified gene involved in endocytosis and actin cortical patch assembly
ymr158c-b YMR158C-A Putative protein of unknown function; may contain a lipid attachment site; YMR158C-A is not an essential gene
yml096w YML096W Putative protein with similarity to asparagine synthetases; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YML096W is not an essential gene and partially overlaps the verified gene RAD10
yml020w YML020W Putative protein of unknown function
yel014c YEL014C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr491c YDR491C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ymr304c-a YMR304C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps 3' end of verified ORF SCW10/YMR305C
yhr097c YHR097C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleus; YHR097C has a paralog, PAL1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr151c YGR151C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps almost completely with the verified ORF RSR1/BUD1/YGR152C; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
yml035c-a YML034C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps ORF SRC1/YML034W
ygr025w YGR025W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor225w YOR225W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yil102c YIL102C Putative protein of unknown function
yjl120w YJL120W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YJL121C/RPE1; deletion confers sensitivity to GSAO
ynl320w YNL320W Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ybl071c YBL071C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; predicted protein contains a peroxisomal targeting signal
ymr310c YMR310C Putative methyltransferase; predicted to be involved in ribosome biogenesis; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus; not an essential gene; YMR310C has a paralog, YGR283C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr456w YLR456W Putative pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase; null mutant displays increased resistance to antifungal agents gliotoxin, cycloheximide and H2O2; YLR456W has a paralog, YPR172W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr509w YDR509W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yil015c-a YIL014C-A Putative protein of unknown function
ylr036c YLR036C Putative protein predicted to have transmembrane domains; interacts with HSP90 by yeast two-hybrid analysis; YLR036C is not an essential protein
ydr415c YDR415C Putative aminopeptidase
ylr349w YLR349W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified ORF DIC1/YLR348C
ylr225c YLR225C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; not an essential gene; YLR225C has a paralog, YDR222W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl169c YKL169C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene MRPL38
yil092w YIL092W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and to the nucleus
ybr197c YBR197C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; YBR197C is not an essential gene; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; YBR197C has a paralog, YPL077C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl217w YNL217W Putative protein of unknown function; weak sequence similarity to bis (5'-nucleotidyl)-tetraphosphatases; (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole; null mutant is highly sensitive to azaserine and resistant to sodium-O-vandate
ybr027c YBR027C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yml117w-a YML116W-A Putative protein of unknown function
ymr082c YMR082C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydl177c YDL177C Putative protein of unknown function; similar to the mouse IMPACT gene; YDL177C is not an essential gene
yll059c YLL059C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yml079w YML079W Non-essential protein of unknown function; has structural resemblance to plant storage and ligand binding proteins (canavalin, glycinin, auxin binding protein) and to some enzymes (epimerase, germin); localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm
yml090w YML090W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the dubious ORF YML089C; exhibits growth defect on a non-fermentable (respiratory) carbon source
yil028w YIL028W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ybr062c YBR062C Protein of unknown function that interacts with Msb2p; may play a role in activation of the filamentous growth pathway
yor345c YOR345C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene REV1; null mutant displays increased resistance to antifungal agents gliotoxin, cycloheximide and H2O2
yir020c YIR020C Protein of unknown function; mRNA identified as translated by ribosome profiling data
ylr030w YLR030W Putative protein of unknown function; S288C contains an in-frame stop codon between ORFs YLR030W and YLR031W
ylr346c YLR346C Putative protein of unknown function found in mitochondria; expression is regulated by transcription factors involved in pleiotropic drug resistance, Pdr1p and Yrr1p; not an essential gene; YLR346C has a paralog, YGR035C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl203c YNL203C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yal045c YAL045C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps YAL044W-A
yjr107w YJR107W Putative lipase
yjr115w YJR115W Putative protein of unknown function; YJR115W has a paralog, ECM13, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl102c YPL102C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; deletion mutation enhances replication of Brome mosaic virus in S. cerevisiae, but this is likely due to effects on the overlapping gene ELP4
ynl108c YNL108C Protein phosphatase; similar to prokaryotic phosphotransfer enzymes; null mutant shows alterations in glucose metabolism; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; YNL108C has a paralog, TFC7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yor114w YOR114W Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant is viable
ykl030w YKL030W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; partially overlaps the verified gene MAE1
ycr050c YCR050C Non-essential protein of unknown function; deletion mutant is synthetically sick or lethal with alpha-synuclein
yil077c YIL077C Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; deletion confers sensitivity to 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsenoxide (GSAO)
ynl122c YNL122C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to mitochondria; YNL122C is not an essential gene
yjr098c YJR098C Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ydr048c YDR048C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps ORF VMS1/YDR049W
yer188w YER188W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; large-scale analyses show mRNA expression increases under anaerobic conditions and two-hybrid interactions with Sst2p
ylr108c YLR108C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus; YLR108C is not an esssential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; YLR108C has a paralog, YDR132C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl218w YJL218W Putative acetyltransferase; similar to bacterial galactoside O-acetyltransferases; induced by oleate in an OAF1/PIP2-dependent manner; promoter contains an oleate response element consensus sequence; non-essential gene
yor012w YOR012W Putative protein of unknown function
ypr172w YPR172W Putative pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase; transcriptionally activated by Yrm1p along with genes involved in multidrug resistance; YPR172W has a paralog, YLR456W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr078c YPR078C Putative protein of unknown function; possible role in DNA metabolism and/or in genome stability; expression is heat-inducible
ybl059w YBL059W Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; YBL059W has a paralog, YER093C-A, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl285w YNL285W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yjl022w YJL022W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene PET130
ynl179c YNL179C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; deletion in cyr1 mutant results in loss of stress resistance
yjl007c YJL007C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ycr102w-a YCR102W-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yel010w YEL010W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykr104w YKR104W Putative transporter of the MRP subfamily; contains a stop codon in S288C; adjacent ORFs YKR103W and YKR104W are merged in different strain backgrounds; MRP stands for multidrug resistance-associated protein
ydr286c YDR286C Putative protein of unknown function; predicted to have thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase active site
ybr016w YBR016W Tail-anchored plasma membrane protein with a conserved CYSTM module; predicted to be palmitoylated; has similarity to hydrophilins, which are involved in the adaptive response to hyperosmotic conditions; YBR016W has a paralog, YDL012C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr181c YMR181C Protein of unknown function; mRNA transcribed as part of a bicistronic transcript with a predicted transcriptional repressor RGM1/YMR182C; mRNA is destroyed by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD); not an essential gene; YMR181C has a paralog, YPL229W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl075c YKL075C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; proposed to be involved in resistance to streptozotocin and camptothecin
ybl086c YBL086C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery
yjl070c YJL070C Putative metallo-dependent hydrolase superfamily protein; similar to AMP deaminases but lacks key catalytic residues and does not rescue purine nucleotide metabolic defect of quadruple aah1 ade8 amd1 his1 mutant; may regulate purine nucleotide homeostasis as overexpression in an AMD1 strain grown in adenine results in greatly reduced GDP and GTP intracellular levels; not an essential gene; YJL070C has a paralog, YBR284W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr118c YLR118C Acyl-protein thioesterase responsible for depalmitoylation of Gpa1p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ykr051w YKR051W Putative protein of unknown function
ynl198c YNL198C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yal058c-a YAL056C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ybr242w YBR242W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; YBR242W is not an essential gene; YBR242W has a paralog, YGL101W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl034w YDL034W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps with verified gene GPR1/YDL035C; YDL034W is not an essential gene
yfr057w YFR057W Putative protein of unknown function
ynl058c YNL058C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to vacuole; not an essential gene; YNL058C has a paralog, PRM5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml013c-a YML012C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene SEL1
yil168w YIL168W Open reading frame unlikely to produce a functional protein in S288C; in closely related species and other S. cerevisiae strain backgrounds YIL168W and adjacent ORF, YIL167W, constitute a single ORF encoding L-serine dehydratase
ynr048w YNR048W Potential noncatalytic subunit for phospholipid translocase Dnf3p; YNR048W has a paralog, CDC50, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl115c YNL115C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to mitochondria; YNL115C is not an essential gene
ylr112w YLR112W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr001c YLR001C Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; predicted to be palmitoylated
yjl107c YJL107C Putative protein of unknown function; expression is induced by activation of the HOG1 mitogen-activated signaling pathway and this induction is Hog1p/Pbs2p dependent; YJL107C and adjacent ORF, YJL108C are merged in related fungi
yjl147c YJL147C Mitochondrial protein of unknown function; homozygous diploid deletion strain has a sporulation defect characterized by elevated dityrosine in the soluble fraction; expression induced by calcium shortage; YJL147W is a non-essential gene
ykl044w YKL044W Protein of unknown function; mRNA identified as translated by ribosome profiling data
ylr374c YLR374C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF STP3/YLR375W
yjl181w YJL181W Putative protein of unknown function; expression is cell-cycle regulated as shown by microarray analysis; potential regulatory target of Mbp1p, which binds to the YJL181W promoter region; YJL181W has a paralog, YJR030C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl140c YNL140C Protein of unknown function; expressed at both mRNA and protein levels; partially overlaps THO2/YNL139C
yil152w YIL152W Putative protein of unknown function
yer134c YER134C Magnesium-dependent acid phosphatase; member of the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily; non-essential gene
ycl074w YCL074W Pseudogene: encodes fragment of Ty Pol protein
ypl182c YPL182C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene CTI6/YPL181W
yar023c YAR023C Putative integral membrane protein; member of DUP240 gene family
ybl096c YBL096C Non-essential protein of unknown function
ygl149w YGL149W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF INO80/YGL150C
yer084w YER084W Protein of unknown function; expressed at both mRNA and protein levels
yor263c YOR263C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF DES3/YOR264W
yol050c YOL050C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps verified gene GAL11; deletion confers sensitivity to 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsenoxide (GSAO)
yor343c YOR343C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr366w YLR366W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the dubious ORF YLR364C-A
ypl014w YPL014W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and to the nucleus
yer085c YER085C Putative protein of unknown function
ygr219w YGR219W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF MRPL9/YGR220C
yhr095w YHR095W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykr078w YKR078W Cytoplasmic protein of unknown function; potential Cdc28p substrate; contains a Phox homology (PX) domain and specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P); YKR078W has a paralog, VPS5, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil058w YIL058W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor300w YOR300W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps with verified gene BUD7/YOR299W; mutation affects bipolar budding and bud site selection, though phenotype could be due to the mutation's effects on BUD7
ydr161w YDR161W Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene; proposed function in rRNA and ribosome biosynthesis based on transcriptional co-regulation; genetic interactions suggest a role in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD)
ynl295w YNL295W Putative protein of unknown function
ypr011c YPR011C Mitochondrial transporter; major substrates are adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and 3'-phospho-adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS); member of the mitochondrial carrier family; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yil059c YIL059C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YIL060W
ygl072c YGL072C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene HSF1; null mutant displays increased resistance to antifungal agents gliotoxin, cycloheximide and H2O2
ynl184c YNL184C Protein of unknown function; expressed at both mRNA and protein levels
ylr041w YLR041W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YLR040C
yhl008c YHL008C Putative protein of unknown function; may be involved in the uptake of chloride ions; does not appear to be involved in monocarboxylic acid transport; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole
yfl015c YFL015C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps dubious ORF YFL015W-A; YFL015C is not an essential gene
ykl107w YKL107W Putative short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase; proposed to be a palmitoylated membrane protein
ybl012c YBL012C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygr045c YGR045C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor277c YOR277C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps the verified gene CAF20
ygr127w YGR127W Putative protein of unknown function; expression is regulated by Msn2p/Msn4p, indicating a possible role in stress response
yhl045w YHL045W Putative protein of unknown function; not an essential gene
ymr193c-a YMR193C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykl162c YKL162C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the mitochondrion
ymr074c YMR074C Protein with homology to human PDCD5; PDCD5 is involved in programmed cell death; N-terminal region forms a conserved triple-helix bundle structure; overexpression promotes H2O2-induced apoptosis; YMR074C is not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ydr186c YDR186C Putative protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
yol107w YOL107W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and colocalizes in a punctate pattern with the early golgi/COPI vesicles; YOL107W is not an essential protein
ygr242w YGR242W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF YAP1802/YGR241C
ylr125w YLR125W Putative protein of unknown function; mutant has decreased Ty3 transposition; YLR125W is not an essential gene
yol131w YOL131W Putative protein of unknown function; YOL131W has a paralog, STB1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl017w YHL017W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein co-localizes with clathrin-coated vesicles; YHL017W has a paralog, PTM1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr150w YPR150W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene SUE1/YPR151C
ynl034w YNL034W Putative protein of unknown function; not an essential gene; YNL034W has a paralog, YNL018C, that arose from a segmental duplication
ykl222c YKL222C Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; similar to transcriptional regulators from the zinc cluster (binuclear cluster) family; null mutant is sensitive to caffeine
yil032c YIL032C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ybr063c YBR063C Putative protein of unknown function; YBR063C is not an essential gene
ybr056w YBR056W Putative glycoside hydrolase of the mitochondrial intermembrane space
yer079w YER079W Putative protein of unknown function
ydl121c YDL121C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; YDL121C is not an essential protein
ypl039w YPL039W Putative protein of unknown function; YPL039W is not an essential gene
yll058w YLL058W Putative protein of unknown function with similarity to Str2p; Str2p is a cystathionine gamma-synthase important in sulfur metabolism; YLL058W is not an essential gene
yor296w YOR296W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; expressed during copper starvation; YOR296W is not an essential gene
yil060w YIL060W Mitochondrial protein of unknown function; required for respiratory growth; mutant accumulates less glycogen than does wild type; null mutation results in a decrease in plasma membrane electron transport; YIL060W is not an essential gene
ykl050c YKL050C Protein of unknown function; the YKL050W protein is a target of the SCFCdc4 ubiquitin ligase complex and YKL050W transcription is regulated by Azf1p; YKL050C has a paralog, EIS1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yll047w YLL047W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene RNP1
yor019w YOR019W Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; YOR019W has a paralog, JIP4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypr014c YPR014C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YPR014C is not an essential gene
ylr281c YLR281C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to mitochondria; YLR281C is not an essential gene
yol106w YOL106W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr336w YDR336W Putative protein of unknown function; sumoylated under stress conditions in a genome wide study; YDR336W is not an essential gene
ydr535c YDR535C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YDR535C is not an essential gene
yil067c YIL067C Uncharacterized protein of unknown function
yol013w-a YOL013W-A Putative protein of unknown function; identified by SAGE
yjl144w YJL144W Cytoplasmic hydrophilin essential in desiccation-rehydration process; expression induced by osmotic stress, starvation and during stationary phase; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr365w YLR365W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps dubious gene YLR364C-A; YLR365W is not an essential gene
ygr226c YGR226C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; overlaps significantly with a verified ORF, AMA1/YGR225W
ybr071w YBR071W Protein of unknown function found in the cytoplasm and bud neck; mRNA expression may be regulated by the cell cycle and/or cell wall stress; overexpression of YBR071W affects endocytic protein trafficking
ylr297w YLR297W Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole; not an essential gene; induced by treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation; relocalizes from nucleus to vacuole upon DNA replication stress; YLR297W has a paralog, YOR186W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr237c YGR237C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ygr250c YGR250C Putative RNA binding protein; localizes to stress granules induced by glucose deprivation; interacts with Rbg1p in a two-hybrid assay; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yfl034w YFL034W Putative integral membrane protein that interacts with Rpp0p; Rpp0p is a component of the ribosomal stalk
ylr358c YLR358C Protein of unknown function; expressed at both mRNA and protein levels; partially overlaps ORF RSC2/YLR357W
ybr178w YBR178W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YBR177C
ymr086c-a YMR086C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygr210c YGR210C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ypl199c YPL199C Putative protein of unknown function; predicted to be palmitoylated
yjr120w YJR120W Protein of unknown function; essential for growth under anaerobic conditions; mutation causes decreased expression of ATP2, impaired respiration, defective sterol uptake, and altered levels/localization of ABC transporters Aus1p and Pdr11p
ybr116c YBR116C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene TKL2
ycl001w-a YCL001W-A Putative protein of unknown function; YCL001W-A gene has similarity to DOM34 and is present in a region duplicated between chromosomes XIV and III
yir024c YIR024C Protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; interacts with Arh1p, a mitochondrial oxidoreductase; deletion mutant has a respiratory growth defect
yjl215c YJL215C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ymr102c YMR102C Protein of unknown function; transcription is activated by paralogous transcription factors Yrm1p and Yrr1p along with genes involved in multidrug resistance; mutant shows increased resistance to azoles; not an essential gene; YMR102C has a paralog, DGR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjl028w YJL028W Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments
yfl012w YFL012W Putative protein of unknown function; transcribed during sporulation; null mutant exhibits increased resistance to rapamycin
ygl015c YGL015C Putative protein of unknown function; null mutants accumulate cargo in the Golgi
ygl218w YGL218W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 93% of ORF overlaps the verified gene MDM34; deletion in cyr1 mutant results in loss of stress resistance
ypr147c YPR147C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ydr094w YDR094W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified ORF DNF2/YDR093W
ygl217c YGL217C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF KIP3/YGL216W
ycr007c YCR007C Putative integral membrane protein; member of DUP240 gene family; YCR007C is not an essential gene
yir014w YIR014W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole; expression directly regulated by the metabolic and meiotic transcriptional regulator Ume6p; YIR014W is a non-essential gene
ybl065w YBL065W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified ORF SEF1/YBL066C; YBL065W is a non-essential gene
ykl053w YKL053W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified ORF ASK1
ydl186w YDL186W Putative protein of unknown function; YDL186W is not an essential gene
ymr178w YMR178W Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus; YMR178W is not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykl031w YKL031W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species
ymr111c YMR111C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus; YMR111C is not an essential gene; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
yjl163c YJL163C Putative protein of unknown function
ymr316c-b YMR316C-B Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps 5' end of ORF YMR317W
ygl081w YGL081W Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene; interacts genetically with CHS5, a gene involved in chitin biosynthesis
yir007w YIR007W Putative glycosidase; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YIR007W is a non-essential gene
ypr059c YPR059C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YMC1/YPR058W
ydr210w YDR210W Predicted tail-anchored plasma membrane protein; contains a conserved CYSTM module; related proteins in other organisms may be involved in response to stress; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery
ydr061w YDR061W Protein with similarity to ABC transporter family members; lacks predicted membrane-spanning regions; transcriptionally activated by Yrm1p along with genes involved in multidrug resistance
ybr184w YBR184W Putative protein of unknown function; YBR184W is not an essential gene
ydr157w YDR157W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygl159w YGL159W Putative protein of unknown function; deletion mutant has no detectable phenotype
ydr239c YDR239C Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments
yhl041w YHL041W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yfr035c YFR035C Putative protein of unknown function; deletion mutant exhibits synthetic phenotype with alpha-synuclein
ymr103c YMR103C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypl216w YPL216W Putative protein of unknown function; not an essential gene; YPL216W has a paralog, ITC1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr020w YFR020W Protein of unknown function; mRNA identified as translated by ribosome profiling data
ynr062c YNR062C Putative membrane protein of unknown function
ynl092w YNL092W Putative S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase; of the seven beta-strand family; YNL092W is not an essential gene
ypr015c YPR015C Putative protein of unknown function; overexpression causes a cell cycle delay or arrest
ymr031w-a YMR031W-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; null mutant displays shortened telomeres; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YMR031C
ydr042c YDR042C Putative protein of unknown function; expression is increased in ssu72-ts69 mutant
ydr282c YDR282C Mitochondrial inner membrane protein of unknown function; localizes to the inner membrane with the C terminus facing the intermembrane space; ortholog of human RMND1, mutation in which is implicated in infantile encephaloneuromyopathy and defective mitochondrial translation
ydr095c YDR095C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygl118c YGL118C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor050c YOR050C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; null mutant is viable
ybl100c YBL100C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps the 5' end of ATP1
ypr170c YPR170C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps ORFs YPR169W-A and YPR170W-B
ynl024c YNL024C Putative methyltransferase; has seven beta-strand methyltransferase motif; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; despite similarity to methyltransferases, null mutant does not display alterations in lysine methylation pattern
yor302w YOR302W CPA1 uORF; Arginine attenuator peptide, regulates translation of the CPA1 mRNA
ynl011c YNL011C Putative protein of unknown function; YNL011C is not an essential gene
yjl175w YJL175W Dubious open reading frame unlikely to encode a functional protein; deletion confers resistance to cisplatin, hypersensitivity to 5-fluorouracil, and growth defect at high pH with high calcium; overlaps gene for SWI3 transcription factor
ydr102c YDR102C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; homozygous diploid deletion strain exhibits high budding index
yor152c YOR152C Putative protein of unknown function; YOR152C is not an essential gene
ygr026w YGR026W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery
ydl183c YDL183C Protein that may form an active mitochondrial KHE system; mitochondrial inner-membrane protein; non-essential gene; KHE system stands for K+/H+ exchanger system
yol098c YOL098C Putative metalloprotease
yjl213w YJL213W Protein of unknown function that may interact with ribosomes; periodically expressed during the yeast metabolic cycle; phosphorylated in vitro by the mitotic exit network (MEN) kinase complex, Dbf2p/Mob1p
yer091c-a YER091C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygl101w YGL101W Protein of unknown function; non-essential gene; interacts with the DNA helicase Hpr5p; YGL101W has a paralog, YBR242W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr295c YMR295C Protein of unknown function that associates with ribosomes; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery and bud; not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; YMR295C has a paralog, YGR273C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr051w YBR051W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the REG2/YBR050C regulatory subunit of the Glc7p type-1 protein phosphatase
ylr152c YLR152C Putative protein of unknown function; YLR152C is not an essential gene
yol153c YOL153C Hypothetical protein
yor238w YOR238W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ybl036c YBL036C Putative non-specific single-domain racemase; based on structural similarity; binds pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; expression of GFP-fusion protein induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ydr149c YDR149C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene NUM1/YDR150W; null mutation blocks anaerobic growth
ydr444w YDR444W Putative hydrolase acting on ester bonds
ygl039w YGL039W Oxidoreductase shown to reduce carbonyl compounds to chiral alcohols
ybr134w YBR134W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor059c YOR059C Lipid particle protein of unknown function; contains a putative lipase serine active site; induced by transcription factor Rpn4p; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr311c YLR311C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynl040w YNL040W Putative protein of unknown function; has strong similarity to alanyl-tRNA synthases from Eubacteria; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YNL040W is not an essential gene
ymr075c-a YMR075C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps the verified ORF RCO1/YMR075W
ydl199c YDL199C Putative transporter; member of the sugar porter family
ypl162c YPL162C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the membrane of vacuole with cell cycle-correlated morphology
ylr126c YLR126C Putative glutamine amidotransferase; has Aft1p-binding motif in the promoter; may be involved in copper and iron homeostasis; YLR126C is not an essential protein; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasmic foci upon DNA replication stress
ynl193w YNL193W Putative protein of unknown function; exhibits a two-hybrid interaction with Yhr151cp in a large-scale analysis
yer097w YER097W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yjl206c YJL206C Putative protein of unknown function; similar to transcriptional regulators from the Zn[2]-Cys[6] binuclear cluster protein family; mRNA is weakly cell cycle regulated, peaking in S phase; induced rapidly upon MMS treatment
ydl114w YDL114W Putative short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase; YDL114W is not an essential gene
ymr144w YMR144W Putative protein of unknown function; localized to the nucleus; YMR144W is not an essential gene
yhr138c YHR138C Protein of unknown function; similar to Pbi2p; double null mutant lacking Pbi2p and Yhr138cp exhibits highly fragmented vacuoles; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yol014w YOL014W Putative protein of unknown function
ylr169w YLR169W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygl199c YGL199C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF YIP4/YGL198W
ykl202w YKL202W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygr064w YGR064W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF SPT4/YGR063C
ycr001w YCR001W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YCR001W is not an essential gene
ylr416c YLR416C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ybr013c YBR013C Putative protein of unknown function; haploid deletion mutant exhibits synthetic phenotype with alpha-synuclein
ygr266w YGR266W Protein of unknown function; predicted to contain a single transmembrane domain; mutant has increased aneuploidy tolerance; localized to both the mitochondrial outer membrane and the plasma membrane; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ypr097w YPR097W Protein that contains a PX domain and binds phosphoinositides; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; PX stands for Phox homology
yfl051c YFL051C Putative protein of unknown function; YFL051C is not an essential gene
ygl152c YGL152C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF PEX14/YGL153W
yml089c YML089C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; expression induced by calcium shortage
ycr015c YCR015C Putative protein of unknown function; YCR015C is not an essential gene
yol035c YOL035C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr306c YDR306C F-box protein of unknown function; interacts with Sgt1p via a Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) domain
yer158c YER158C Protein of unknown function; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; YER158C has a paralog, AFR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr018w YMR018W Putative protein of unknown function with similarity to human PEX5Rp; transcription increases during colony development similar to genes involved in peroxisome biogenesis; YMR018W is not an essential gene; PEX5Rp is also known as peroxin protein 5 related protein
yjr129c YJR129C Putative protein of unknown function; predicted S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase of the seven beta-strand family; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ymr206w YMR206W Putative protein of unknown function; not an essential gene; YMR206W has a paralog, YNR014W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yjr026w YJR026W Retrotransposon TYA Gag gene co-transcribed with TYB Pol; translated as TYA or TYA-TYB polyprotein; Gag is a nucleocapsid protein that is the structural constituent of virus-like particles (VLPs); similar to retroviral Gag
ygr283c YGR283C Putative methyltransferase; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; predicted to be involved in ribosome biogenesis; null mutant is resistant to fluconazole; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the nucleolus; YGR283C has a paralog, YMR310C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl073w YDL073W Putative protein of unknown function; YDL073W is not an essential gene
ynr005c YNR005C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydl129w YDL129W Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleus; YDL129W is not an essential gene; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ydr124w YDR124W Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene; expression is strongly induced by alpha factor
yjl132w YJL132W Putative protein of unknown function; localizes to the membrane fraction; possible Zap1p-regulated target gene induced by zinc deficiency; YJL132W is a non-essential gene
ycr049c YCR049C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor186w YOR186W Putative protein of unknown function; proper regulation of expression during heat stress is sphingolipid-dependent; YOR186W has a paralog, YLR297W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr168c YGR168C Putative protein of unknown function; YGR168C is not an essential gene
yjl135w YJL135W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified genes YJL134W/LCB3
ypl071c YPL071C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
ybr090c YBR090C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus
ygr182c YGR182C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF TIM13/YGR181W
yol037c YOL037C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YOL036W
yjr038c YJR038C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yjr056c YJR056C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus; relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress
ypr109w YPR109W Predicted membrane protein; diploid deletion strain has high budding index
ypl034w YPL034W Putative protein of unknown function; YPL034W is not essential gene
ydr215c YDR215C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; null mutant displays elevated sensitivity to expression of a mutant huntingtin fragment or of alpha-synuclein
yel023c YEL023C Putative protein of unknown function; expression is increased greatly during sporulation; YEL023C is not an essential gene
yer046w-a YER046W-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps ORF SAP1/YER047C
ynr063w YNR063W Putative zinc-cluster protein of unknown function
ynl144c YNL144C Putative protein of unknown function; non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; contains a PH domain and binds phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylethanolamine in a large-scale study; YNL144C has a paralog, YHR131C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr006w YFR006W Putative X-Pro aminopeptidase; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YFR006W is not an essential gene
yol019w YOL019W Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery and vacuole; YOL019W has a paralog, DCV1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybl095w YBL095W Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yor338w YOR338W Putative protein of unknown function; YOR338W transcription is regulated by Azf1p and its transcript is a specific target of the G protein effector Scp160p; identified as being required for sporulation in a high-throughput mutant screen; YOR338W has a paralog, FUN19, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr139c-a YHR139C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydl211c YDL211C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole; YDL211C has a paralog, TDA7, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl134c YNL134C Protein of unknown function; similar to dehydrogenases from other model organisms; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yjl049w YJL049W Putative protein of unknown function; YJL049W is a non-essential gene
ydr521w YDR521W Dubious ORF that overlaps YDR520C; mutant increases expression of PIS1 and RPL3 in glycerol
ykr033c YKR033C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene DAL80
yfr045w YFR045W Putative mitochondrial transport protein; null mutant is viable, exhibits decreased levels of chitin and normal resistance to calcofluor white
yjr087w YJR087W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; partially overlaps the verified genes STE18 and ECM2
yml131w YML131W Protein of unknown function; similar to medium chain dehydrogenase/reductases; expression induced by stresses including osmotic shock, DNA damaging agents, and other chemicals; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykr012c YKR012C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene PRY2
ybr277c YBR277C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YBR278W
ymr194c-a YMR194C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ycr016w YCR016W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleolus and nucleus; predicted to be involved in ribosome biogenesis
yml010w-a YML009W-B Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; deletion mutation confers an increase in Ty1 transposition
ydl241w YDL241W Putative protein of unknown function; YDL241W is not an essential gene
ymr130w YMR130W Putative protein of unknown function; YMR130W is not an essential gene
ypr092w YPR092W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor111w YOR111W Putative protein of unknown function
ygr066c YGR066C Putative protein of unknown function
ygl132w YGL132W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene SNT2/YGL131C
ymr244w YMR244W Putative protein of unknown function
ygl214w YGL214W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; deletion mutation phenotype is likely due to the overlapping verified ORF SKI8/YGL213C
ydr115w YDR115W Putative mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit; similar to E. coli L34 ribosomal protein; required for respiratory growth, as are most mitochondrial ribosomal proteins; protein increases in abundance and relocalizes to the plasma membrane upon DNA replication stress
ymr166c YMR166C Predicted transporter of the mitochondrial inner membrane; has similarity to human mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carriers; YMR166C is not an essential gene
ynl235c YNL235C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF SIN4/YNL236W, a subunit of the mediator complex
ygr107w YGR107W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yfl052w YFL052W Putative zinc cluster protein that contains a DNA binding domain; computational analysis suggests a role as a transcription factor; null mutant is sensitive to Calcofluor White, low osmolarity, and heat, suggesting a role for YFL052Wp in cell wall integrity
ynl324w YNL324W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypl264c YPL264C Putative membrane protein of unknown function; physically interacts with Hsp82p; YPL264C is not an essential gene
ydr269c YDR269C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor366w YOR366W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YOR365C
ymr141c YMR141C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor268c YOR268C Putative protein of unknown function; sporulation is abnormal in homozygous diploid; YOR268C is not an essential gene
ygr137w YGR137W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr177w YLR177W Putative protein of unknown function; phosphorylated by Dbf2p-Mob1p in vitro; some strains contain microsatellite polymophisms at this locus; not an essential gene; YLR177W has a paralog, PSP1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhl026c YHL026C Putative protein of unknown function; transcriptionally regulated by Upc2p via an upstream sterol response element; YHL026C is not an essential gene; in 2005 the start site was moved 141 nt upstream (see Locus History)
ybr232c YBR232C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ybl028c YBL028C Protein of unknown function that may interact with ribosomes; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleolus; predicted to be involved in ribosome biogenesis
yor385w YOR385W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YOR385W is not an essential gene
ynl171c YNL171C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydl144c YDL144C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; YDL144C is not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ymr209c YMR209C Putative S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase; YMR209C is not an essential gene
yir016w YIR016W Putative protein of unknown function; expression directly regulated by the metabolic and meiotic transcriptional regulator Ume6p; overexpression causes a cell cycle delay or arrest; non-essential gene; YIR016W has a paralog, YOL036W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl057w YNL057W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynr073c YNR073C Putative mannitol dehydrogenase; YNR073C has a paralog, DSF1, that arose from a segmental duplication
yjl068c YJL068C Esterase that can function as an S-formylglutathione hydrolase; non-essential intracellular esterase; may be involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde, which can be metabolized to S-formylglutathione; similar to human esterase D
ynl276c YNL276C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene MET2/YNL277W
ydr537c YDR537C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps verified ORF PAD1/YDR538W
yor139c YOR139C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF SFL1/YOR140W
yml018c YML018C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the membrane of the vacuole; physical interaction with Atg27p suggests a possible role in autophagy; YML018C is not an essential gene; relative distribution to the vacuolar membrane decreases upon DNA replication stress; YML018C has a paralog, THI74, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynr066c YNR066C Putative membrane-localized protein of unknown function
ydr387c YDR387C Putative transporter; member of the sugar porter family; YDR387C is not an essential gene
yal065c YAL065C Putative protein of unknown function; has homology to FLO1; possible pseudogene
ylr290c YLR290C Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; YLR290C is not an essential gene
ylr279w YLR279W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yil166c YIL166C Putative protein with similarity to allantoate permease; similar to the allantoate permease (Dal5p) subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily; mRNA expression is elevated by sulfur limitation; YIL166C is a non-essential gene
ykl115c YKL115C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene PRR1
yel067c YEL067C Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yor333c YOR333C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps 5' end of MRS2 gene required for respiratory growth
yil055c YIL055C Putative protein of unknown function
yhr045w YHR045W Putative protein of unknown function; possible role in iron metabolism and/or amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum
ykl151c YKL151C NADHX dehydratase; converts (S)-NADHX to NADH in an ATP-dependent manner; homologous to Carkd in mammals, and the C-terminal domain of YjeF in E.coli; enzyme is widespread in eukaryotes, prokaryotes and archaea; YKL151C promoter contains STREs (stress response elements) and expression is induced by heat shock or methyl methanesulfonate; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
yer039c-a YER039C-A Putative protein of unknown function; YER039C-A is not an essential gene
ydr431w YDR431W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr131c YDR131C F-box protein subunit of SCF ubiquitin ligase complex; substrate-specific adaptor subunit that recruits substrates to a core ubiquitination complex
ybr284w YBR284W Putative metallo-dependent hydrolase superfamily protein; similar to AMP deaminases but lacks key catalytic residues and does not rescue purine nucleotide metabolic defect of quadruple aah1 ade8 amd1 his1 mutant; null mutant exhibits longer telomeres, altered Ty mobility, decreased resistance to rapamycin and wortmannin; induced in response to hydrostatic pressure; not an essential gene; YBR284W has a paralog, YJL070C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr114c YDR114C Putative protein of unknown function; deletion mutant exhibits poor growth at elevated pH and calcium
yal037w YAL037W Putative protein of unknown function; YAL037W has a paralog, YOR342C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr300c YBR300C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YBR301W; YBR300C is not an essential gene
ydl009c YDL009C Protein of unknown function; mRNA identified as translated by ribosome profiling data; partially overlaps the verified ORF YDL010W; YDL009C is not an essential gene
ycl007c YCL007C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps verified ORF YCL005W-A; mutations in YCL007C were thought to confer sensitivity to calcofluor white, but this phenotype was later shown to be due to the defect in YCL005W-A
ybr209w YBR209W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YBR209W is not an essential gene
yer066c-a YER066C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps uncharacterized ORF YER067W
yor093c YOR093C Putative protein of unknown function; deletion causes sensitivity to unfolded protein response-inducing agents
ynl226w YNL226W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene JJJ1/YNL227C
ygl082w YGL082W Putative protein of unknown function; predicted prenylation/proteolysis target of Afc1p and Rce1p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; not an essential gene; YGL082W has a paralog, YPL191C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr402w YLR402W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yol118c YOL118C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynl319w YNL319W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene HXT14
ynr040w YNR040W Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ydr445c YDR445C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykl136w YKL136W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF APL2/YKL135C
ydl242w YDL242W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ymr153c-a YMR153C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps 3' end of verified gene NUP53/YMR153W
yjr011c YJR011C Putative protein of unknown function; GFP-fusion protein expression is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ydr222w YDR222W Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; YDR222W has a paralog, YLR225C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yhr131c YHR131C Putative protein of unknown function; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; overexpression causes cell cycle delay or arrest; contains a PH domain and binds phosphatidylinositols and other lipids in a large-scale study; YHR131C has a paralog, YNL144C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yel028w YEL028W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yer137c YER137C Putative protein of unknown function
ygr067c YGR067C Putative protein of unknown function; contains a zinc finger motif similar to that of Adr1p
ypr117w YPR117W Putative protein of unknown function
ydl086w YDL086W Putative carboxymethylenebutenolidase; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; YDL086W is not an essential gene
yol114c YOL114C Putative protein of unknown function with similarity to human ICT1; has prokaryotic factors that may function in translation termination; YOL114C is not an essential gene
yol036w YOL036W Protein of unknown function; potential Cdc28p substrate; YOL036W has a paralog, YIR016W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ypl088w YPL088W Putative aryl alcohol dehydrogenase; transcription is activated by paralogous transcription factors Yrm1p and Yrr1p along with genes involved in multidrug resistance
yhr202w YHR202W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole, while HA-tagged protein is found in the soluble fraction, suggesting cytoplasmic localization
ymr099c YMR099C Glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase (hexose-6-phosphate mutarotase); likely involved in carbohydrate metabolism; GFP-fusion protein localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
yml082w YML082W Putative protein predicted to have carbon-sulfur lyase activity; transcriptionally regulated by Upc2p via an upstream sterol response element; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm; not an essential gene; YML082W has a paralog, STR2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yfr016c YFR016C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and bud; interacts with Spa2p; YFL016C is not an essential gene
ybl044w YBL044W Putative protein of unknown function; YBL044W is not an essential protein
ydr230w YDR230W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene COX20/YDR231C
ygr111w YGR111W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
ymr090w YMR090W Putative protein of unknown function; similar to DTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratases; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; up-regulated in response to the fungicide mancozeb; not essential for viability
yjr146w YJR146W Protein of unknown function; expressed at both mRNA and protein levels; partially overlaps HMS2
ypl229w YPL229W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; not an essential gene; YPL229W has a paralog, YMR181C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr292c YBR292C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YBR292C is not an essential gene
ygr050c YGR050C Protein of unknown function; mRNA identified as translated by ribosome profiling data
ylr296w YLR296W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr391c YDR391C Putative protein of unknown function; possibly involved in zinc homeostasis; Bdf1p-dependent transcription induced by salt stress; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
ydl071c YDL071C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF BDF2/YDL070W
ybr224w YBR224W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene TDP1
yol057w YOL057W Dipeptidyl-peptidase III; cleaves dipeptides from the amino terminus of target proteins; highly active on synthetic substrate Arg-Arg-2-naphthylamide; mammalian ortholog may be a biomarker for some cancers
yjr020w YJR020W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr050c YLR050C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; YLR050C is not an essential gene
ynl200c YNL200C NADHX epimerase; catalyzes isomerization of (R)- and (S)-NADHX; homologous to AIBP in mammals and the N- terminal domain of YjeF in E.coli; enzyme is widespread in eukaryotes, prokaryotes and archaea; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygr125w YGR125W Putative protein of unknown function; deletion mutant has decreased rapamycin resistance but normal wormannin resistance; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole
yjr128w YJR128W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF RSF2
yhr140w YHR140W Putative integral membrane protein of unknown function
ymr210w YMR210W Putative acyltransferase with similarity to Eeb1p and Eht1p; has a minor role in medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester biosynthesis; may be involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification
ygr122w YGR122W Protein that may be involved in pH regulation; probable ortholog of A. nidulans PalC, which is involved in pH regulation and binds to the ESCRT-III complex; null mutant does not properly process Rim101p and has decreased resistance to rapamycin; GFP-fusion protein is cytoplasmic; relative distribution to cytoplasm increases upon DNA replication stress
ycl022c YCL022C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps verified gene KCC4/YCL024W
yhl042w YHL042W Putative protein of unknown function; member of the DUP380 subfamily of conserved, often subtelomerically-encoded proteins
ynl035c YNL035C Nuclear protein of unknown function; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia; contains WD-40 domains; not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ykr005c YKR005C Putative protein of unknown function
ydr015c YDR015C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene HED1/YDR014W-A
yer121w YER121W Putative protein of unknown function; may be involved in phosphatase regulation and/or generation of precursor metabolites and energy
yol085c YOL085C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the dubious gene YOL085W-A
ybl094c YBL094C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps uncharacterized ORF YBL095W
yir044c YIR044C Possible pseudogene in strain S288C; YIR044C and the adjacent ORF, YIR043C, together may encode a non-functional member of the conserved, often subtelomerically-encoded Cos protein family
ymr158w-a YMR158W-B Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the verified gene ATG16/YMR159C
ypr012w YPR012W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YPR012W is not an essential gene
yar029w YAR029W Member of DUP240 gene family but contains no transmembrane domains; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
yor022c YOR022C Putative carboxylic ester hydrolase; similar to bovine phospholipase A1; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
yol159c YOL159C Soluble protein of unknown function; deletion mutants are viable and have elevated levels of Ty1 retrotransposition and Ty1 cDNA
yer034w YER034W Protein of unknown function; non-essential gene; expression induced upon calcium shortage; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr011w YGR011W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykr011c YKR011C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ylr046c YLR046C Putative membrane protein; member of the fungal lipid-translocating exporter (LTE) family of proteins; transcription is activated by paralogous transcription factors Yrm1p and Yrr1p along with genes involved in multidrug resistance; YLR046C has a paralog, RTA1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yil086c YIL086C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypr076w YPR076W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ymr316c-a YMR316C-A Protein of unknown function; mRNA identified as translated by ribosome profiling data; overlaps the verified gene DIA1/YMR316W
ycl002c YCL002C Putative protein of unknown function; YCL002C is not an essential gene
ykl100c YKL100C Putative protein of unknown function; has similarity to a human minor histocompatibility antigen and signal peptide peptidases; YKL100C is not an essential gene
yhr049c-a YHR049C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypl245w YPL245W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm
ykr073c YKR073C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yel008w YEL008W Hypothetical protein predicted to be involved in metabolism
ygr079w YGR079W Putative protein of unknown function; YGR079W is not an essential gene
ygl262w YGL262W Putative protein of unknown function; null mutant displays elevated sensitivity to expression of a mutant huntingtin fragment or of alpha-synuclein; YGL262W is not an essential gene
yal066w YAL066W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ybr225w YBR225W Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene identified in a screen for mutants affected in mannosylphophorylation of cell wall components
ydl187c YDL187C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ycr051w YCR051W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; contains ankyrin (Ank) repeats; YCR051W is not an essential gene
yhr035w YHR035W Putative protein of unknown function; not an essential gene
ybl010c YBL010C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein colocalizes with clathrin-coated vesicles
ylr122c YLR122C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the dubious ORF YLR123C
ynl211c YNL211C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to mitochondria; YNL211C is not an essential gene
yml084w YML084W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr248c YDR248C Putative gluconokinase; sequence similarity to bacterial and human gluconokinase; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; upregulated by deletion of the RNAP-II associated factor, PAF1
yjl193w YJL193W Putative protein of unknown function; predicted to encode a triose phosphate transporter subfamily member based on phylogenetic analysis; similar to YOR307C/SLY41; deletion mutant has a respiratory growth defect
ygl176c YGL176C Putative protein of unknown function; deletion mutant is viable and has no detectable phenotype
ypr114w YPR114W Putative protein of unknown function
ylr149c YLR149C Protein of unknown function; overexpression causes a cell cycle delay or arrest; null mutation results in a decrease in plasma membrane electron transport; YLR149C is not an essential gene; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr117c YGR117C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
yml048w-a YML047W-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps ORF PRM6/YML047C
yor199w YOR199W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr460c YLR460C Member of the quinone oxidoreductase family; up-regulated in response to the fungicide mancozeb; possibly up-regulated by iodine
yjr111c YJR111C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the mitochondria
ylr194c YLR194C Structural constituent of the cell wall; attached to the plasma membrane by a GPI-anchor; expression is upregulated in response to cell wall stress
yfr018c YFR018C Putative protein of unknown function
ynl043c YNL043C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YIP3/YNL044W
ynl050c YNL050C Putative protein of unknown function; YNL050c is not an essential gene
ybr285w YBR285W Putative protein of unknown function; YBR285W is not an essential gene
ygl117w YGL117W Putative protein of unknown function
ygr290w YGR290W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; putative HLH protein; partially overlaps the verified ORF MAL11/YGR289C (a high-affinity maltose transporter)
ygl109w YGL109W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the uncharacterized gene YGL108C
ykr018c YKR018C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress; YKR018C has a paralog, IML2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl118w YDL118W Dubious open reading frame, unlikely to encode a protein; overlaps almost completely with YDL119C; mutations that would affect both YDL118W and YDL119C confer defective telomere maintenance and are synthetically sick or lethal with alpha-synuclein
ydl206w YDL206W Putative protein of unknown function; YDL206W is not an essential protein
yor200w YOR200W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF MRM1/YOR201c
ybr220c YBR220C Putative protein of unknown function; YBR220C is not an essential gene
ygr273c YGR273C Putative protein of unknown function; expression downregulated by treatment with 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA irradiation; not an essential gene; YGR273C has a paralog, YMR295C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl027c YDL027C Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; YDL027C is not an essential gene
ynl146w YNL146W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; YNL146W is not an essential gene
ydr426c YDR426C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF SNX41
ypl150w YPL150W Protein kinase of unknown cellular role; binds phosphatidylinositols and cardiolipin in a large-scale study
ypl109c YPL109C Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ypr148c YPR148C Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern
ynr065c YNR065C Protein of unknown function; protein-protein interactions suggest a possible role in actin patch formation; YNR065C is not an essential gene
ygl024w YGL024W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially/completely overlaps the verified ORF PGD1/YGL025C
yor062c YOR062C Protein of unknown function; similar to Reg1p; expression regulated by glucose and Rgt1p; GFP-fusion protein is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; YOR062C has a paralog, YKR075C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr160w YMR160W Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the membrane of the vacuole; mutant has enhanced sensitivity to overexpression of mutant huntingtin; YMR160W is not an essential gene; relative distribution within the vacuolar membrane changes upon DNA replication stress
yjr061w YJR061W Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene; transcription repressed by Rm101p; YJR061W has a paralog, MNN4, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydr278c YDR278C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynl143c YNL143C Protein of unknown function; expressed at both mRNA and protein levels
ycl023c YCL023C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified ORF KCC4
ycl075w YCL075W Pseudogene: encodes fragment of Ty Pol protein
yhr033w YHR033W Putative protein of unknown function; epitope-tagged protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YHR033W has a paralog, PRO1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr135w-a YMR135W-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypl261c YPL261C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YPL260W
ylr326w YLR326W Putative protein of unknown function; predicted to be palmitoylated
yor365c YOR365C Putative protein of unknown function; not an essential protein; YOR365C has a paralog, FLC2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ydl068w YDL068W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr031w YLR031W Putative protein of unknown function; S288C contains an in-frame stop codon between ORFs YLR030W and YLR031W; YLR031W has a paralog, YMR124W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ylr184w YLR184W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yhr177w YHR177W Putative protein of unknown function; overexpression causes a cell cycle delay or arrest
yjl055w YJL055W Putative protein of unknown function; functions together with HAM1 to mediate resistance to 5-FU; specifically reduces the incorporation of 5-FU into RNA, without affecting uptake or incorporation of uracil into RNA; proposed to be involved in the metabolism of purine and pyrimidine base analogues; deletion mutants are sensitive to HAP and AHA
yjl118w YJL118W Putative protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; YJL18W is a non-essential gene; deletion enhances the toxicity of heterologously expressed human alpha-synuclein
ynr025c YNR025C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; deletion reduces expression of PIS1 gene encoding phosphatidylinositol synthase
yll044w YLL044W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; transcription of both YLL044W and the overlapping gene RPL8B is reduced in the gcr1 null mutant
ycr043c YCR043C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the Golgi apparatus; YCR043C is not an essential gene
ymr252c YMR252C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to mitochondria; YMR252C is not an essential gene
ybr137w YBR137W Protein of unknown function; localized to the cytoplasm; binds to Replication Protein A (RPA); also interacts with Sgt2p; YBR137W is not an essential gene
ydr250c YDR250C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypl185w YPL185W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene UIP4/YPL186C
yjr015w YJR015W Putative protein of unknown function; localizes to endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm; predicted to encode a membrane transporter based on phylogenetic analysis; not an essential gene; YJR015W has a paralog, SNG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml095c-a YML094C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene GIM5/YML094W; deletion confers sensitivity to GSAO
yfr054c YFR054C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr446w YLR446W Putative hexokinase; transcript is upregulated during sporulation and the unfolded protein response; YLR446W is not an essential gene
ylr252w YLR252W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene SYM1, a mitochondrial protein involved in ethanol metabolism
yer152c YER152C Protein with 2-aminoadipate transaminase activity; shares amino acid similarity with the aminotransferases Aro8p and Aro9p; YER152C is not an essential gene
yll054c YLL054C Putative protein of unknown function with similarity to Pip2p; an oleate-specific transcriptional activator of peroxisome proliferation; YLL054C is not an essential gene
ypr003c YPR003C Putative sulfate permease; physically interacts with Hsp82p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the ER; YPR003C is not an essential gene
ybl083c YBL083C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps verified ORF ALG3
yer067c-a YER067C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps ORF RGI1/YER067W
ymr052c-a YMR052C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygl177w YGL177W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor376w YOR376W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YOR376W is not an essential gene
ydr541c YDR541C Putative dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase
ycr022c YCR022C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YCR022C is not an essential gene
ydr344c YDR344C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ygr149w YGR149W Putative protein of unknown function; predicted to be an integal membrane protein
ynl190w YNL190W Hydrophilin essential in desiccation-rehydration process; cell wall protein; contains a putative GPI-attachment site
ylr124w YLR124W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr428c YLR428C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF CRN1
ydr154c YDR154C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; null mutant exhibits synthetic phenotype with alpha-synuclein
ykr047w YKR047W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene NAP1
ygl088w YGL088W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps snR10, a snoRNA required for preRNA processing
ydr417c YDR417C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF RPL12B/YDR418W
ynl170w YNL170W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ymr007w YMR007W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yer186c YER186C Putative protein of unknown function
yol150c YOL150C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yer068c-a YER068C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps ORF ARG5,6/YER069W
yor214c YOR214C Putative protein of unknown function; not an essential gene; YOR214C has a paralog, SPO19, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yir043c YIR043C Possible pseudogene in strain S288C; YIR043C and the adjacent ORF, YIR044C, together may encode a non-functional member of the conserved, often subtelomerically-encoded Cos protein family
ylr053c YLR053C Putative protein of unknown function
ymr196w YMR196W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; YMR196W is not an essential gene
ylr422w YLR422W Protein of unknown function with similarity to human DOCK proteins; interacts with Ino4p; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm, YLR422W is not an essential protein; DOCK proteins act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors
yol160w YOL160W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynr071c YNR071C Putative aldose 1-epimerase
ybl070c YBL070C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ykl033w-a YKL033W-A Putative protein of unknown function; similar to uncharacterized proteins from other fungi
ydr338c YDR338C Putative protein of unknown function; member of the multi-drug and toxin extrusion (MATE) family of the multidrug/oligosaccharidyl-lipid/polysaccharide (MOP) exporter superfamily
yel045c YEL045C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; deletion gives MMS sensitivity, growth defect under alkaline conditions, less than optimal growth upon citric acid stress
ybr099c YBR099C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps the verified gene MMS4
ygl235w YGL235W Putative protein of unknown function; potential Cdc28p substrate; null mutant displays increased resistance to antifungal agents gliotoxin, cycloheximide and H2O2
ypl225w YPL225W Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr022c YGR022C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps almost completely with the verified ORF MTL1/YGR023W
ypl108w YPL108W Cytoplasmic protein of unknown function; non-essential gene that is induced in a GDH1 deleted strain with altered redox metabolism; GFP-fusion protein is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
yor041c YOR041C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; 85% of ORF overlaps the uncharacterized gene CUE5; deletion in cyr1 mutant results in loss of stress resistance
ygr122c-a YGR122C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; similar to YLR334C and YOL106W
ypl041c YPL041C Protein of unknown function involved in maintenance of telomere length
ypl073c YPL073C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps with verified gene UBP16/YPL072W; may interact with ribosome based on co-purification experiments
yil165c YIL165C Putative protein of unknown function; mutant exhibits mitophagy defects; in closely related species and other S. cerevisiae strain backgrounds YIL165C and adjacent ORF, YIL164C, likely constitute a single ORF encoding a nitrilase gene
yer184c YER184C Putative zinc cluster protein; deletion confers sensitivity to Calcufluor white, and prevents growth on glycerol or lactate as sole carbon source
ygl042c YGL042C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; deletion mutation blocks replication of Brome mosaic virus in S. cerevisiae, but this is likely due to effects on the overlapping gene DST1
ymr084w YMR084W Putative protein of unknown function; YMR084W and adjacent ORF YMR085W are merged in related strains, and together are paralogous to glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase GFA1
ymr172c-a YMR172C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps 3' end of ORF HOT1/YMR172W
yer181c YER181C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; extensively overlaps a Ty1 LTR; protein product is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ylr049c YLR049C Putative protein of unknown function
yjr039w YJR039W Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygr042w YGR042W Protein of unknown function; involved in maintenance of proper telomere length; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus; forms nuclear foci upon DNA replication stress
ypl205c YPL205C Hypothetical protein; deletion of locus affects telomere length
yil012w YIL012W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypr071w YPR071W Putative membrane protein; YPR071W is not an essential gene; YPR071W has a paralog, YIL029C, that arose from a single-locus duplication
ygr139w YGR139W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynl013c YNL013C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF HEF3/YNL014W
yor314w YOR314W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr220c YDR220C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; null mutant exhibits synthetic phenotype with alpha-synuclein
ymr221c YMR221C Putative protein of unknown function; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; physical interaction with Atg27p suggests a possible role in autophagy
yfl054c YFL054C Putative channel-like protein; similar to Fps1p; mediates passive diffusion of glycerol in the presence of ethanol
ydl180w YDL180W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuole
ymr279c YMR279C Putative boron transporter involved in boron efflux and resistance; overexpression mutant but not null mutant displays boron tolerance phenotype; identified as a heat-induced gene in a high-throughout screen; YMR279C is not an essential gene; YMR279C has a paralog, ATR1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr253c YMR253C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm in a punctate pattern; YMR253C is not an essential gene
ypl114w YPL114W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; largely overlaps ORF YPL113C; diploid deletion in BY4743 strain background exhibits high budding index
ypl247c YPL247C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; similar to the petunia WD repeat protein an11; overexpression causes a cell cycle delay or arrest
yer135c YER135C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YER135C is not an essential gene
ymr085w YMR085W Putative protein of unknown function; YMR085W and adjacent ORF YMR084W are merged in related strains, and together are paralogous to glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase GFA1
ypl068c YPL068C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ygr039w YGR039W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the Autonomously Replicating Sequence ARS722
ydl011c YDL011C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YDL010W
ynl208w YNL208W Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; potential orthologs found in other fungi
ypl062w YPL062W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YPL062W is not an essential gene; homozygous diploid mutant shows a decrease in glycogen accumulation
yor131c YOR131C Putative haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase; non-essential gene; overexpression causes a cell cycle delay or arrest; protein abundance increases in response to DNA replication stress
ygr093w YGR093W Nuclear protein of unconfirmed function; relocalizes to the cytosol in response to hypoxia
yjr037w YJR037W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene HUL4/YJR036C; deletion mutant has decreased spore survival in Drosophila feces
ykl177w YKL177W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene STE3
ypl197c YPL197C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the ribosomal gene RPB7B
ydl109c YDL109C Putative lipase; involved in lipid metabolism; not an essential gene; YDL109C has a paralog, ROG1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr051c YGR051C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YGR051C is not an essential gene
ypl025c YPL025C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypr197c YPR197C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps ORF SGE1/YPR198W
ylr269c YLR269C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ycl049c YCL049C Protein of unknown function; localizes to membrane fraction; YCL049C is not an essential gene
yfl032w YFL032W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene HAC1/YFL031W; YFL032W is not an essential gene
ygr053c YGR053C Putative protein of unknown function
ycr025c YCR025C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; YCR025C is not an essential gene
yml083c YML083C Protein of unknown function; transcriptionally regulated by Upc2p via an upstream sterol response element; strong increase in transcript abundance during anaerobic growth compared to aerobic growth; cells deleted for YML083C do not exhibit growth defects in anerobic or anaerobic conditions
yal004w YAL004W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps verified gene SSA1/YAL005C
ykl063c YKL063C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the Golgi
ykr045c YKR045C Putative protein of unknown function; epitope-tagged protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ypl168w YPL168W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the mitochondrion; expression may be cell cycle-regulated
ydr132c YDR132C Protein of unknown function; protein increases in abundance and relative distribution to the nucleus increases upon DNA replication stress; YDR132C has a paralog, YLR108C, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yml122c YML122C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynl266w YNL266W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF IST1/YNL265C
yor072w YOR072W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the dubious gene YOR072W-A; diploid deletion strains are methotrexate, paraquat and wortmannin sensitive
ylr255c YLR255C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yjr084w YJR084W Protein that forms a complex with Thp3p; may have a role in transcription elongation and/or mRNA splicing; identified as a COP9 signalosome component but phenotype and interactions suggest it may not be involved with the signalosome
ydl119c YDL119C Putative mitochondrial transport protein; GFP-fusion protein is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in purified mitochondria
ymr124w YMR124W Protein of unknown function; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the cell periphery, cytoplasm, bud, and bud neck; interacts with Crm1p in two-hybrid assay; not an essential gene; predicted to have a role in organelle organization; YMR124W has a paralog, YLR031W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol162w YOL162W Putative protein of unknown function; member of the Dal5p subfamily of the major facilitator family
yor029w YOR029W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydr209c YDR209C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps uncharacterized gene YDR210W
yml010c-b YML009C-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps ORFs SPT5/YML010W and YML009W-B
yol029c YOL029C Putative protein of unknown function; identified as interacting with Hsc82p and Hsp82p in high-throughput two-hybrid screens
ymr114c YMR114C Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm; YMR114C is not an essential gene
yor379c YOR379C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YOR378W
yjr124c YJR124C Putative protein of unknown function; expression induced under calcium shortage
ynl046w YNL046W Putative protein of unknown function; expression depends on Swi5p; GFP-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; deletion confers sensitivity to 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsenoxide (GSAO)
ydr133c YDR133C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps YDR134C
ygr018c YGR018C Protein of unknown function; mRNA identified as translated by ribosome profiling data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YGR017W
yil029c YIL029C Putative protein of unknown function; deletion confers sensitivity to 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsenoxide (GSAO); YIL029C has a paralog, YPR071W, that arose from a single-locus duplication
ygl242c YGL242C Putative protein of unknown function; deletion mutant is viable
yer010c YER010C Bifunctional HMG aldolase/oxaloacetate decarboxylase; requires divalent metal ions for activity; competitively inhibited by oxalate; forms a ring-shaped homotrimer; similar to members of the prokaryotic RraA family of class II (divalent metal ion dependent) pyruvate aldolases from the meta cleavage pathways of protocatechuate and gallate
yml003w YML003W Putative protein of unknown function
yor105w YOR105W Protein of unknown function; expressed at both mRNA and protein levels
yor289w YOR289W Putative protein of unknown function; transcription induced by the unfolded protein response; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
ycr101c YCR101C Putative protein of unknown function; localizes to the membrane fraction; YCR101C is not an essential gene
ygr259c YGR259C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps almost completely with the verified ORF TNA1/YGR260W
yir042c YIR042C Putative protein of unknown function; YIR042C is a non-essential gene
yjl045w YJL045W Minor succinate dehydrogenase isozyme; participates in oxidation of succinate and transfer of electrons to ubiquinone; induced during the diauxic shift in a Cat8p-dependent manner; YJL045W has a paralog, SDH1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ynl338w YNL338W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; completely overlaps TEL14L-XC, which is a telomeric X element core sequence on the left arm of chromosome XIV
ypr053c YPR053C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps verified gene NHP6A/YPR052C
yjl150w YJL150W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ydl023c YDL023C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in other Saccharomyces species; overlaps the verified gene GPD1; deletion confers sensitivity to GSAO; deletion in cyr1 mutant results in loss of stress resistance
ynr029c YNR029C Putative protein of unknown function; deletion confers reduced fitness in saline
yjr096w YJR096W Xylose and arabinose reductase; member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family; GFP-fusion protein is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ygl230c YGL230C Putative protein of unknown function; non-essential gene
yol046c YOL046C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; almost completely overlaps the verified gene PSK2/YOL045W
ybr064w YBR064W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YBR063C
ydr056c YDR056C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; YDR056C is not an essential protein
ybr138c YBR138C Cytoplasmic protein of unknown function; APCC(Cdh1) substrate; potentially phosphorylated by Cdc28p; YBR138C is not an essential gene
ygr160w YGR160W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yhr078w YHR078W High osmolarity-regulated gene of unknown function
ykl091c YKL091C Putative phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein; possibly involved in lipid metabolism; localizes to the nucleus; contains a CRAL/TRIO domain and binds several lipids in a large-scale study; YKL091C has a paralog, SEC14, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr032w YBR032W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypr064w YPR064W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yhr080c YHR080C Protein of unknown function; may interact with ribosomes, based on co-purification experiments; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; YHR080C has a paralog, YSP2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr241c YBR241C Putative transporter, member of the sugar porter family; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the vacuolar membrane; YBR241C is not an essential gene; YBR241C has a paralog, VPS73, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ykl023w YKL023W Putative protein of unknown function; predicted by computational methods to be involved in mRNA degradation; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
ygr201c YGR201C Putative protein of unknown function
ydr193w YDR193W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ycr087c-a YCR087C-A Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the nucleolus; YCR087C-A is not an essential gene
yhr022c YHR022C Putative protein of unknown function; YHR022C is not an essential gene
ylr236c YLR236C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps ORF YLR235C
ydl057w YDL057W Putative protein of unknown function; YDL057W is not an essential gene
ymr262w YMR262W Protein of unknown function; interacts weakly with Knr4p; YMR262W is not an essential gene
ydr290w YDR290W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF RTT103
ymr265c YMR265C Putative protein of unknown function
ydr455c YDR455C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YDR456W
ybl029w YBL029W Non-essential protein of unknown function
yhl005c YHL005C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF YHL004W
ylr232w YLR232W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene BNA5
ygr126w YGR126W Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS
ygr015c YGR015C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the mitochondrion
ykl070w YKL070W Putative protein of unknown function; expression induced in cells treated with mycotoxins patulin or citrinin; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies
ygr176w YGR176W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ynl195c YNL195C Protein of unknown function; shares a promoter with YNL194C; the authentic, non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; YNL195C has a paralog, HBT1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
yol024w YOL024W Putative protein of unknown function; predicted to have thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase active site; YOL024W has a paralog, IGD1, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ymr317w YMR317W Putative protein of unknown function; has some similarity to sialidase from Trypanosoma; YMR317W is not an essential gene
ybr206w YBR206W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene KTR3
ymr034c YMR034C Putative transporter; member of the SLC10 carrier family; identified in a transposon mutagenesis screen as a gene involved in azole resistance; YMR034C is not an essential gene
ybr226c YBR226C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized ORF YBR225W
ydr109c YDR109C Putative kinase
ydr271c YDR271C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF CCC2/YDR270W
ymr294w-a YMR294W-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; substantially overlaps YMR295C; deletion causes sensitivity to unfolded protein response-inducing agents
ycr085w YCR085W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypr146c YPR146C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yor170w YOR170W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene LCB4
ynl205c YNL205C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ypr077c YPR077C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; expression increased by deletion of NAP1
ymr119w-a YMR119W-A Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps 3' end of ORF ASI1/YMR119W
ylr235c YLR235C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps ORFs TOP3/YLR234W and YLR236C
ynl194c YNL194C Integral membrane protein; required for sporulation and plasma membrane sphingolipid content; similar to SUR7; GFP-fusion protein is induced in response to the DNA-damaging agent MMS; GFP-fusion protein is more abundant at MCCs (membrane compartment occupied by Can1) in the presence of glycerol and oleate; YNL194C has a paralog, FMP45, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ybr287w YBR287W Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the ER; YBR287W is not an essential gene
ydl062w YDL062W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps uncharacterized ORF YDL063C; YDL062W is not essential
yfr056c YFR056C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized gene YFR055W
yor342c YOR342C Protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleus; relocalizes from nucleus to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress; YOR342C has a paralog, YAL037W, that arose from the whole genome duplication
ygr228w YGR228W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified ORF SMI1/YGR229C
ypr027c YPR027C Putative protein of unknown function
ykl071w YKL071W Putative protein of unknown function; expression induced in cells treated with the mycotoxin patulin, and also the quinone methide triterpene celastrol; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the cytoplasm
yel025c YEL025C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus
ynr061c YNR061C Protein of unknown function; relocalizes from vacuole to cytoplasm upon DNA replication stress
yjl169w YJL169W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene YJL168C/SET2
yar047c YAR047C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
ylr171w YLR171W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yml002w YML002W Putative protein of unknown function; expression induced by heat and by calcium shortage
ylr294c YLR294C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene ATP14
ydr476c YDR476C Putative protein of unknown function; green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; YDR476C is not an essential gene
yor053w YOR053W Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the verified gene VHS3/YOR054C
ypr126c YPR126C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data
yhr112c YHR112C Protein of unknown function; localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus; overexpression affects protein trafficking through the endocytic pathway
ygr054w YGR054W Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2A; associates specifically with both 40S subunits and 80 S ribosomes, and interacts genetically with both eIF5b and eIF4E; homologous to mammalian eIF2A
yil163c YIL163C Protein of unknown function; mRNA identified as translated by ribosome profiling data
ykl147c YKL147C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species; partially overlaps the verified gene AVT3
ykl097c YKL097C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; not conserved in closely related Saccharomyces species
ypl035c YPL035C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; partially overlaps the uncharacterized gene YPL034W; YPL035C is not an essential gene
ymr326c YMR326C Dubious open reading frame; unlikely to encode a functional protein, based on available experimental and comparative sequence data; overlaps the telomere on the right arm of chromosome 13
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